Análise estratigráfica do Campo de Namorado (Bacia de Campos) com base na interpretação sísmica tridimensional

O presente trabalho analisa os reservatórios turbidíticos do Campo de Namorado, Bacia de Campos – RJ, com a apresentação de um novo modelo evolutivo para o intervalo entre o Albiano superior e Cenomaniano, na área do referido campo. As ferramentas utilizadas neste estudo consistiram da interpretação sísmica em ambiente tridimensional com o software VoxelGeo®, e da análise faciológica junto à perfilagem de poços do referido campo. A análise desenvolvida permitiu a individualização e a posterior visualização tridimensional de um paleocanal meandrante na base do intervalo estudado, feição esta até então não relatada em interpretações anteriores neste reservatório. Como resultado das análises sísmicas e faciológicas, foi possível elaborar um modelo deposicional, onde foram definidos quatro sistemas turbidíticos distintos, inclusos em duas seqüências de 3ª Ordem. Esses sistemas turbidíticos estariam, portanto, associados às seqüências de 4ª Ordem, que são interpretadas como parasseqüências, inseridas nos dois ciclos de 3ª Ordem. As seqüências de 3ª Ordem, que englobam os reservatórios do Campo de Namorado, representariam intervalos de alta freqüência no registro estratigráfico, dentro do contexto de afogamento (2ª Ordem) da Bacia de Campos. Pelas características da calha deposicional observada para o Campo de Namorado, é possível concluir que o sistema, como um todo, foi depositado em um complexo de canais, junto a sistemas de frentes deltaicas. Esses canais, provavelmente, foram esculpidos por fluxos hiperpicnais, formados a partir de inundações catastróficas. As informações provenientes deste estudo, proporcionaram uma melhor compreensão da gênese dos depósitos turbidíticos, acumuladores de hidrocarbonetos, no intervalo estudado, e cuja ocorrência está relacionada com etapas de rebaixamento relativo do nível do mar.

Determinação da distribuição de um nível de turbidito na formação Macaé no campo de Namorado através de uso de atributos sísmicos

This study was developed on the basis of petrophysics characterization, 3D seismic interpretation, and rock-wire-log integration. The results were integrated with amplitude attribute through cross plot (rock attribute x amplitude value). 3D seismic data also allowed inteipreting the top of Lagoa Feia, Macaé, and Carapebus formations, and Outeiro Member. The analyses of the maps of structures and attributes, integrated with wire-log data, suggest that Namorado turbidite level is candidate to be mapped with stratigraphic attributes like AverageTroughAmplitude, RMS velocity and Total AbsoluteAmplitude. Lagoa Feia Formation attribute maps (Dip-Azimuth and TotalEnergy) allows to interpret a low fault density at the carbonate coquina level in the Namorado field. This level is also considered one at the best seismic reflector and an important reservoir of the Campos Basin.

Análise estratigráfica dos reservatórios turbidíticos do Campo de Namorado

Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE

Modelo petrofísico 3D do Arenito Namorado no Campo de Namorado - Bacia de Campos, RJ

The Namorado Oil Field represents the beginning of the oil exploration in Brazil, in the 70s, and it is still a subject of researches because the importance of this turbidite sandstone in the brazilian oil production. The Namorado’s production level was denominated “Namorado sandstone”, it is composed by turbidite sandstone deposited during the Albian-Cenomanian. In order to define the structural geometry of the main reservoir, geological and geophysical tools like RECON and Geographix (Prizm – Seisvision) softwares were used, and its application was focused on geological facies analysis, for that propose well logs, seismic interpretation and petrophysical calculations were applied. Along this work 15 vertical wells were used and the facies reservoirs were mapped of along the oil field; it is important to mentioned that the all the facies were calibrated by the correlation rock vs log profile, and 12 reservoir-levels (NA-1, NA-2, NA-3, NA-4, NA-5, NA-6, NA-7, NA-8, NA-9, NA-10, NA-11 e NA-12) were recognized and interpreted. Stratigraphic sections (NE-SW and NW-SE) were also built based on stratigraphic well correlation of each interpreted level, and seismic interpretation (pseudo-3D seismic data) on the southeastern portion of the oil field. As results it was interpreted on two- and three-dimensional maps that the deposition reservoir’s levels are hight controlled by normal faults systems. This research also shows attribute maps interpretation and its relationship with the selection of the reservoir attribute represented on it. Finally the data integration of stratigraphic, geophysical and petrophysical calculations lets us the possibility of obtain a detail geological/petrophysical 3D model of the main reservoir levels of “Namorado sandstone” inside the oil/gás field

Modelo tectono-estrutural dos campos de petróleo Namorado, Cherne e Albacora

The main goal in this research is a tectono-estructural characterization of the Cherne, Albacora and Namorado Fields, located at Campos Basin, in order to investigate the relationship between the geologic evolution and the rock´s physical properties of the reservoir, and how they affect the hydrocarbon accumulation in those fields. Well correlations show that the inferior turbidites have a regional lateral continuity. Basic petrophysics analysis, calculated here, shows that the three fields present porosity values that range from 15 to 20%, shale volume range from 26 to 30% and formation water saturation range from 23 to 45%, based on formation water resistivity dada from Albacora Field. Petrophysics maps feature a trend in Albacora Field that increase the porosity values to SE, and in Cherne and Namorado Field the trend increase towards N. Seismic horizons where interpreted between the first appearance of the Namorado Sandstone and the top of Quissamã Formation. This interval presents normal listric faulting, in Cherne and Namorado Field with NWSE and NE-SW direction, and sedimentation trend to NW-SE, in Albacora Field the faulting presents a NNE-SSW and N-S direction, with a sedimentation trend to NE-SW. Seismic attribute maps present amplitude anomalies close to the producing wells, and on Namorado Field, it indicates a potential hydrocarbon accumulation in the NE region. For each field is indicated laboratory tests for a better characterization of the petrophysical properties, since that they don’t form the same reservoir level, therefore, not influencing the water saturation calculation

Análise de agrupamentos dos dados de DFA oriundos de perfis elétricos de indução de poços de petróleo

The main objective of this study is to apply recently developed methods of physical-statistic to time series analysis, particularly in electrical induction s profiles of oil wells data, to study the petrophysical similarity of those wells in a spatial distribution. For this, we used the DFA method in order to know if we can or not use this technique to characterize spatially the fields. After obtain the DFA values for all wells, we applied clustering analysis. To do these tests we used the non-hierarchical method called K-means. Usually based on the Euclidean distance, the K-means consists in dividing the elements of a data matrix N in k groups, so that the similarities among elements belonging to different groups are the smallest possible. In order to test if a dataset generated by the K-means method or randomly generated datasets form spatial patterns, we created the parameter Ω (index of neighborhood). High values of Ω reveals more aggregated data and low values of Ω show scattered data or data without spatial correlation. Thus we concluded that data from the DFA of 54 wells are grouped and can be used to characterize spatial fields. Applying contour level technique we confirm the results obtained by the K-means, confirming that DFA is effective to perform spatial analysis

Correlações nos dfa de diversos perfis geológicos. estudo de caso: Bacia de Campos - RJ

This work aims to study the fluctuation structure of physical properties of oil well profiles. It was used as technique the analysis of fluctuations without trend (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis - DFA). It has been made part of the study 54 oil wells in the Campo de Namorado located in the Campos Basin in Rio de Janeiro. We studied five sections, namely: sonic, density, porosity, resistivity and gamma rays. For most of the profiles , DFA analysis was available in the literature, though the sonic perfile was estimated with the aid of a standard algorithm. The comparison between the exponents of DFA of the five profiles was performed using linear correlation of variables, so we had 10 comparisons of profiles. Our null hypothesis is that the values of DFA for the various physical properties are independent. The main result indicates that no refutation of the null hypothesis. That is, the fluctuations observed by DFA in the profiles do not have a universal character, that is, in general the quantities display a floating structure of their own. From the ten correlations studied only the profiles of density and sonic one showed a significant correlation (p> 0.05). Finally these results indicate that one should use the data from DFA with caution, because, in general, based on geological analysis DFA different profiles can lead to disparate conclusions

DFA e análise de agrupamento aplicadas a perfis de porosidade neutrônico em poços de petróleo

Peng was the first to work with the Technical DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis), a tool capable of detecting auto-long-range correlation in time series with non-stationary. In this study, the technique of DFA is used to obtain the Hurst exponent (H) profile of the electric neutron porosity of the 52 oil wells in Namorado Field, located in the Campos Basin -Brazil. The purpose is to know if the Hurst exponent can be used to characterize spatial distribution of wells. Thus, we verify that the wells that have close values of H are spatially close together. In this work we used the method of hierarchical clustering and non-hierarchical clustering method (the k-mean method). Then compare the two methods to see which of the two provides the best result. From this, was the parameter � (index neighborhood) which checks whether a data set generated by the k- average method, or at random, so in fact spatial patterns. High values of � indicate that the data are aggregated, while low values of � indicate that the data are scattered (no spatial correlation). Using the Monte Carlo method showed that combined data show a random distribution of � below the empirical value. So the empirical evidence of H obtained from 52 wells are grouped geographically. By passing the data of standard curves with the results obtained by the k-mean, confirming that it is effective to correlate well in spatial distribution

Identificação de fácies em perfis de poço com algoritmo inteligente

A identificação de fácies em um poço não testemunhado é um dos problemas clássicos da avaliação de formação. Neste trabalho este problema é tratado em dois passos, no primeiro produz-se a codificação da informação geológica ou da descrição das fácies atravessadas em um poço testemunhado em termos das suas propriedades físicas registradas nos perfis geofísicos e traduzidas pelos parâmetros L e K, que são obtidos a partir dos perfis de porosidade (densidade, sônico e porosidade neutrônica) e pela argilosidade (Vsh) calculada pelo perfil de raio gama natural. Estes três parâmetros são convenientemente representados na forma do Gráfico Vsh-L-K. No segundo passo é realizada a interpretação computacional do Gráfico Vsh-L-K por um algoritmo inteligente construído com base na rede neural competitiva angular generalizada, que é especializada na classificação de padrões angulares ou agrupamento de pontos no espaço n-dimensional que possuem uma envoltória aproximadamente elipsoidal. Os parâmetros operacionais do algoritmo inteligente, como a arquitetura da rede neural e pesos sinápticos são obtidos em um Gráfico Vsh-L-K, construído e interpretado com as informações de um poço testemunhado. Assim, a aplicação deste algoritmo inteligente é capaz de identificar e classificar as camadas presentes em um poço não testemunhado, em termos das fácies identificadas no poço testemunhado ou em termos do mineral principal, quando ausentes no poço testemunhado. Esta metodologia é apresentada com dados sintéticos e com perfis de poços testemunhados do Campo de Namorado, na Bacia de Campos, localizada na plataforma continental do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

Análise espacial de reservatórios usando DFA de dados geofísicos

This research aims to set whether is possible to build spatial patterns over oil fields using DFA (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis) of the following well logs: sonic, density, porosity, resistivity and gamma ray. It was employed in the analysis a set of 54 well logs from the oil field of Campos dos Namorados, RJ, Brazil. To check for spatial correlation, it was employed the Mantel test between the matrix of geographic distance and the matrix of the difference of DFA exponents of the well logs. The null hypothesis assumes the absence of spatial structures that means no correlation between the matrix of Euclidean distance and the matrix of DFA differences. Our analysis indicate that the sonic (p=0.18) and the density (p=0.26) were the profiles that show tendency to correlation, or weak correlation. A complementary analysis using contour plot also has suggested that the sonic and the density are the most suitable with geophysical quantities for the construction of spatial structures corroborating the results of Mantel test

Análise de agrupamentos dos dados de DFA oriundos de perfis elétricos de indução de poços de petróleo

The main objective of this study is to apply recently developed methods of physical-statistic to time series analysis, particularly in electrical induction s profiles of oil wells data, to study the petrophysical similarity of those wells in a spatial distribution. For this, we used the DFA method in order to know if we can or not use this technique to characterize spatially the fields. After obtain the DFA values for all wells, we applied clustering analysis. To do these tests we used the non-hierarchical method called K-means. Usually based on the Euclidean distance, the K-means consists in dividing the elements of a data matrix N in k groups, so that the similarities among elements belonging to different groups are the smallest possible. In order to test if a dataset generated by the K-means method or randomly generated datasets form spatial patterns, we created the parameter Ω (index of neighborhood). High values of Ω reveals more aggregated data and low values of Ω show scattered data or data without spatial correlation. Thus we concluded that data from the DFA of 54 wells are grouped and can be used to characterize spatial fields. Applying contour level technique we confirm the results obtained by the K-means, confirming that DFA is effective to perform spatial analysis

Correlações nos dfa de diversos perfis geológicos. estudo de caso: Bacia de Campos - RJ

This work aims to study the fluctuation structure of physical properties of oil well profiles. It was used as technique the analysis of fluctuations without trend (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis - DFA). It has been made part of the study 54 oil wells in the Campo de Namorado located in the Campos Basin in Rio de Janeiro. We studied five sections, namely: sonic, density, porosity, resistivity and gamma rays. For most of the profiles , DFA analysis was available in the literature, though the sonic perfile was estimated with the aid of a standard algorithm. The comparison between the exponents of DFA of the five profiles was performed using linear correlation of variables, so we had 10 comparisons of profiles. Our null hypothesis is that the values of DFA for the various physical properties are independent. The main result indicates that no refutation of the null hypothesis. That is, the fluctuations observed by DFA in the profiles do not have a universal character, that is, in general the quantities display a floating structure of their own. From the ten correlations studied only the profiles of density and sonic one showed a significant correlation (p> 0.05). Finally these results indicate that one should use the data from DFA with caution, because, in general, based on geological analysis DFA different profiles can lead to disparate conclusions

Diagnóstico comparativo de mastitis en leche bovina, por tres pruebas de campo: california mastitis test (CMT), acidez (NaOH), y reductasa, en los municipios de la Concordia, San Rafael del Norte y San Sebastián de Yali, Jinotega

Con el propósito de evaluar tres técnicas para la determinación de Mastitis, (California Mastitis Test (CMT), Hidróxido de Sodio (NaHO) y Azul de Metíleno (AM)), en vacas de doble propósito, en 2000 se efectuó un estudio en los municipios de La Concordia, San Rafael de Norte y San Sebastián de Yalí, del Departamento de Jinotega. Se utilizaron Fincas de Referencia atendidas por el entonces Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), de las cuales se seleccionaron catorce (14) fincas privadas y dos Cooperativas, para un total de 16 fincas que representaron el 53.3 % del total de fincas. De éstas se muestrearon 398 vacas en producción de diversas razas (Pardo suizo, Brahman y cruces entre Pardo suizo, Criollo y Holstein con Cebú y otros) de diversas lactaciones (número parto}. Las muestras de cada cuarto de la vaca, se tomaron a la hora del ordeño, entre 5:00 y 7:00a.m. Los resultados de CMT e NaHO, (+ ó -), se anotaron en campo al momento de prueba. En la prueba de AM, se hicieron 4 lecturas: 1) al momento de prueba, 2) a los 15 minutos, 3) a una hora y, 4) a tres horas después de la prueba. Se obtuvo un total de 396 datos de 4 cuartos en cada técnica, para un total de 4,752 observaciones. La información se analizó mediante una prueba de Chí Cuadrado, con el Procedimiento CATMOD, del Statistical Análisis System (SAS), Versión para PC 6.03, NC. Las variables de clasificación en el análisis fueron Razas (1-3), Números de Parto (1-6) y Meses de lactación (1-9). De las técnicas, se obtuvo el 46.2, 4.6 y 15.3 % de pruebas positivas con CMT, NaOH y AM, respectivamente; la CMT resultó más efectiva en la determinación de mastitis. De las Razas estudiadas, el Brahmán presentó un 45.2% de afectación por mastitis, mayor que Pardo suizo y cruces indefinidos, con 30.6 y 24.2 %, respectivamente. A partir del tercer parto, se incrementa el nivel de infestación de esta enfermedad, y durante la lactación, en los meses 4, 5,8 y 9.

Adaptacion de cuatro lineas de alfalfa forrajera (Medicago sativa L.) a las condiciones climaticas de la Hacienda Las Mercedes, campo y vivero

Con el objeto de evaluar el comportamiento adaptativo de cuatro líneas de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) en condiciones de campo y de vivero, se realizó un estudio en la Hacienda Las Mercedes, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, ubicada en la ciudad de Managua Km 11 carretera norte, , entrada al CARNIC 2 km al lago. Teniendo su ubicación geográfica en un cuadrante con las siguientes coordenadas: 12°10'14"a 12"08'05" en latitud Norte y 86.10'22" a 86"09'44" longitud Oeste. El estudio se realizó en dos fuses 1) de campo y 2) en vivero. En ambos se determinó el grado de adaptación de cuatro líneas de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), tres procedentes de Texas-EE UU (8L418, 105916 y 9818) y una de Sébaco-Nicaragua (l3-A50) donde se ha establecido por más de tres años. El ensayo de campo se estableció en un área que anteriormente fue utilizada para la siembra de sorgo forrajero y el de vivero se realizó en el vivero de la UNA, en la misma finca. Se consideró cada una de las líneas como tratamiento. El Diseño experimental usado para ambas fases fue de bloques completos al azar (BCA), con 4 repeticiones. En campo con parcelas experimentales fueron de 4 m2 (2 m x 2 m), para un área total de 120m2 Se sembraron 6 surcos a una distancia de 30 cm entre surco y 14 plantas por surcos distanciados a 15 cm. Se realizó análisis de varianza utilizando programa SAS versión 99, cuando se encontró diferencias significativas o altamente significativas para tratamientos se realizaron pruebas de medias según Duncan. El terreno se preparó de forma convencional, con una chapea inicial, un paso de arado y gradeo de forma mecanizada, posteriormente se realizó la estructuración del diseño de campo. Las variables evaluadas según las condiciones de campo fueron: germinación, altura de la plantas, daños por plaga y enfermedades y ramificación, en las condiciones de vivero fueron: germinación, sobrevivencia, altura (cm), daños por plagas y enfermedades. Como resultado se obtuvo que 3 de las líneas presentaron buena germinación en condiciones de campo y vivero siendo la de mejor comportamiento la línea 13A-50 con un promedio del 97%. Para altura la línea 9818 presentó el mejor comportamiento en condiciones de campo con rangos de 48cm - 58 cm manteniendo superioridad durante el estudio en comparación con el resto de las líneas evaluadas. En daños por plagas la línea 8L418 la de menor afectación, y la más afectada fue la línea l3A-50. En daños por enfermedades la línea 9818 obtuvo los mayores daños en los niveles de moderado a muy grave y la línea l3A-50 fue la de menor incidencia. Todas las líneas presentaron una ramificación media de 30%, siendo la línea 105916 la de mejor comportamiento. En vivero la línea l3A-50 presentó la mejor altura. La línea 9818 fue la de mejor adaptabilidad en condiciones de campo, seguida de la línea BA-50. Pero en condiciones de vivero la línea 13A-50 fue la de mejor adaptabilidad, seguida de la línea 8L418.en resumen la línea l3A-50 fue la de mejor comportamiento adaptativo.

Evaluación de diferentes alternativas quimicas y no quimicas para el manejo de patógenos de suelo en fase de semillero y campo en el cultivo del tomate (Licopersicum esculentum L.)

Con el fin de evaluar y seleccionar las mejores opciones para manejo de patógenos del suelo, que sean rentables económicamente para los productores y que preserven la calidad del medio ambiente y la salud humana, se realizó el presente estudio durante época de primera de 1995, en la finca del productor Pablo Maltéz, San Isidro de la Cruz Verde, Managua del 5 de junio al 7 de septiembre de 1995. El experimento se dividió en dos fases: de semillero y campo. En la fase de semillero, se evaluó el efecto de: Cal, Ceniza, Mezcla de cal y ceniza, Agua hirviendo, Vitavax-300 y un testigo sin aplicación, sobre la pudrición radical y del tallo, usando las variedades UC-82 y VF-134. Las variables a medir fueron: Porcentaje de incidencia de plantas enfermas por "Damping off” y el efecto de éstas alternativas sobre patógenos del suelo. En la fase de campo, se evaluó el efecto que tienen la mezcla de cal y ceniza, vitavax-300 y un testigo sin aplicación. Se evaluó la variedad UC-82 y se tornó la variable: Porcentaje de incidencia de plantas enfermas por pudrición radical y del tallo. Los resultados indican, que en la fase de semillero el Agua hirviendo fue el mejor tratamiento por ejercer buen efecto sobre patógenos del suelo en ambas variedades, en cambio Cal (460 g) y Ceniza (115 g) realizaron mejor efecto en la variedad VF-134, seguido por Mezcla de cal y ceniza, que resultó muy efectivo en el manejo de patógenos en la variedad UC-82. En fase de campo la mezcla de cal y ceniza fue el mejor tratamiento por ejercer buen control sobre la incidencia de pudrición radical y del tallo.