Regeneración de plantas de té (Camellia sinensis) por cultivo in vitro de meristemas, yemas axilares y segmentos uninodales

Tres tipos de explantes de dos clones ( C H 1 4 I N TA y C H 3 1 8 I N TA ) d e t é (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) fueron evaluados para su regeneración in vitro, bajo la influencia de dos citocininas (BAP y CIN) y una giberelina (AG3). Previa desinfección, con etanol 70% (1 minuto) e hipoclorito de sodio 1,5% (20 minutos) y tres enjuagues con agua destilada estéril, los explantes fueron aislados y cultivados en los distintos medios de cultivo. Las mejores respuestas en formación de vástagos se registraron con los segmentos uninodales de ambos clones cultivados en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de BAP o con el cultivo de yemas axilares del clon CH 14 INTA en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de BAP o del clon CH 318 INTA en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L BAP + 1 mg/L AG3. Los mejores resultados con el empleo de meristemas caulinares se obtuvieron en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de CIN y 1 mg/L de AG3. Los vástagos obtenidos fueron enraizados mediante su cultivo en ¼ MS + 6 mg/L de IBA.

La Camelia : semanario de literatura, variedades centros, modas, etc. dedicado a las señoritas mexicanas.

UANL

Eficácia de protocolo de clareamento dental de consultório em função do tempo de contato e uso de fotocatalização

Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR

The confounding of Camelia /

Mode of access: Internet.

Las damas de la Camelia : zarzuela en un acto /

Estrenada en el Teatro de la Zarzuela el 28 de setiembre de 1861.

The constitution and the ritual of the Knights of the White Camelia.

Advertising matter: p. 32.

Cereulide producing B. cereus and amylosin producing B. subtilis and B. mojavensis : characterization of strains and toxigenicities

B. cereus is one of the most frequent occurring bacteria in foods . It produces several heat-labile enterotoxins and one stable non-protein toxin, cereulide (emetic), which may be pre-formed in food. Cereulide is a heat stable peptide whose structure and mechanism of action were in the past decade elucidated. Until this work, the detection of cereulide was done by biological assays. With my mentors, I developed the first quantitative chemical assay for cereulide. The assay is based on liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with ion trap mass spectrometry and the calibration is done with valinomycin and purified cereulide. To detect and quantitate valinomycin and cereulide, their [NH4+] adducts, m/z 1128.9 and m/z 1171 respectively, were used. This was a breakthrough in the cereulide research and became a very powerful tool of investigation. This tool made it possible to prove for the first time that the toxin produced by B. cereus in heat-treated food caused human illness. Until this thesis work (Paper II), cereulide producing B. cereus strains were believed to represent a homogenous group of clonal strains. The cereulide producing strains investigated in those studies originated mostly from food poisoning incidents. We used strains of many origins and analyzed them using a polyphasic approach. We found that the cereulide producing B. cereus strains are genetically and biologically more diverse than assumed in earlier studies. The strains diverge in the adenylate kinase (adk) gene (two sequence types), in ribopatterns obtained with EcoRI and PvuII (three patterns), tyrosin decomposition, haemolysis and lecithine hydrolysis (two phenotypes). Our study was the first demonstration of diversity within the cereulide producing strains of B. cereus. To manage the risk for cereulide production in food, understanding is needed on factors that may upregulate cereulide production in a given food matrix and the environmental factors affecting it. As a contribution towards this direction, we adjusted the growth environment and measured the cereulide production by strains selected for diversity. The temperature range where cereulide is produced was narrower than that for growth for most of the producer strains. Most cereulide was by most strains produced at room temperature (20 - 23ºC). Exceptions to this were two faecal isolates which produced the same amount of cereulide from 23 ºC up until 39ºC. We also found that at 37º C the choice of growth media for cereulide production differed from that at the room temperature. The food composition and temperature may thus be a key for understanding cereulide production in foods as well as in the gut. We investigated the contents of [K+], [Na+] and amino acids of six growth media. Statistical evaluation indicated a significant positive correlation between the ratio [K+]:[Na+] and the production of cereulide, but only when the concentrations of glycine and [Na+] were constant. Of the amino acids only glycine correlated positively with high cereulide production. Glycine is used worldwide as food additive (E 640), flavor modifier, humectant, acidity regulator, and is permitted in the European Union countries, with no regulatory quantitative limitation, in most types of foods. B. subtilis group members are endospore-forming bacteria ubiquitous in the environment, similar to B. cereus in this respect. Bacillus species other than B. cereus have only sporadically been identified as causative agents of food-borne illnesses. We found (Paper IV) that food-borne isolates of B. subtilis and B. mojavensis produced amylosin. It is possible that amylosin was the agent responsible for the food-borne illness, since no other toxic substance was found in the strains. This is the first report on amylosin production by strains isolated from food. We found that the temperature requirement for amylosin production was higher for the B. subtilis strain F 2564/96, a mesophilic producer, than for B. mojavensis strains eela 2293 and B 31, psychrotolerant producers. We also found that an atmosphere with low oxygen did not prevent the production of amylosin. Ready-to-eat foods packaged in micro-aerophilic atmosphere and/or stored at temperatures above 10 °C, may thus pose a risk when toxigenic strains of B. subtilis or B. mojavensis are present.

Análise da hemoglobina glicada na expressão de risco cardiovascular e renal em população acompanhada na atenção primária

Indivíduos com hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) ≥6,5% e níveis normais de glicemia têm maior risco de complicações relacionadas ao diabetes, em médio e longo prazo. Estas evidências foram importantes na recomendação de que HbA1c ≥6,5% fosse aceita como critério diagnóstico de diabetes. Diferenças raciais/ étnicas tem sido encontradas quanto aos níveis de HbA1c. Níveis elevados de HbA1c em indivíduos sem diabetes e com níveis normais de glicemia em jejum tem sido associados a alterações micro e macrovasculares, entre elas alterações da filtração glomerular. Diversos marcadores inflamatórios, em especial a MCP-1 (proteína quimiotática de macrófagos-1), estão envolvidos no mecanismo de lesão glomerular descrito em casos de nefropatia diabética No entanto, a HbA1C ainda não foi amplamente incorporada a rotina de diagnóstico e de acompanhamento na atenção primária brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar a associação entre a alteração da HbA1c e da glicemia e fatores étnicos/ raciais e de risco cardiovascular e renal em adultos assistidos pelo Programa Médico de Família de Niterói, sem diagnóstico prévio de diabetes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foram reunidas informações de participantes do Estudo Cardio Metabólico Renal (CAMELIA), colhidas entre os meses de julho de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. Observou-se que o perfil de risco cardiovascular foi mais acentuado em indivíduos com alterações simultâneas da glicemia e da HbA1c. A alteração isolada da glicemia indicou ser condição de maior risco que a alteração isolada da HbA1c. Indivíduos com HbA1c ≥ 6,5% eram em sua maioria mulheres de pele preta e apresentavam maiores níveis de LDL e creatinina sérica. Verificamos associação independente entre a alteração da HbA1c (≥ 5,7 e < 6,5% versus < 5,7%) e diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular estimada. A HbA1c mostrou ser um marcador subclinico de alterações metabólicas em pacientes nao diabéticos e com glicemia de jejum < 126 mg/dL, em especial na população de mulheres e de indivíduos com a cor da pele preta. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de se utilizar a HbA1c como marcador de risco cardiovascular e renal visando propor estratégias de intervenção precoce e assim promover a prevenção de condições de agravos relacionados as alterações do metabolismo da glicose.

中华硬蜱凝血酶抑制剂的分离纯化与活性

通过凝胶过滤和反相高压液相层析, 从200 只半饱吸血的中华硬蜱( Ixodide sinesis ) 唾液腺中分离 纯化得到一凝血酶抑制剂。用飞行质谱测定其分子量为61356 kDa , 与其他蜱类来源的凝血酶抑制剂分子量不 同, 提示为一新蛋白分子。该抑制剂对凝血酶有强烈的抑制活性, 对激活的第X 因子和胰蛋白酶有微弱的抑制 活性。其发现将为发展疫苗、生物控制中华硬蜱提供资料和目标抗原。

中华鳖心组织成纤维细胞系的建立及特性

以中华鳖心组织为材料 ,用含 10 %胎牛血清的 TC199培养基 ,于 2 5℃条件下 ,经 14个月传代培养 6 0余次 ,获得一个能稳定生长、以成纤维样细胞为主的细胞系 ,称之为 TSH(Trionyx sinesis heart)细胞系。分别对其原代和传代细胞的染色体数目、不同温度下细胞的生长曲线及原代和传代细胞的显微形态进行了测定和比较。结果表明 ,细胞在2 5℃条件下生长速度最快 ;原代细胞约有 6 4%的染色体为 2 n=6 6 ,而传代细胞为四倍体的有 6 2 %。初步估计的细胞周期为 2

增温对川西亚高山针叶林不同光环境下几种幼苗生长的影响

由于人类活动所引起的地球大气层中温室气体的富集已导致全球地表平均温度在20 世纪升高了0.6 ¡æ，并预测在本世纪将上升1.4-5.8 ¡æ。气候变暖对陆地植物和生态系统产生深远影响，并已成为全球变化研究的重要议题。位于青藏高原东部的川西亚高山针叶林是研究气候变暖对陆地生态系统影响的重要森林类型。森林采伐迹地和人工云杉林下作为目前该区人工造林和森林更新的两种重要生境，二者截然不同的光环境对亚高山针叶林不同物种更新及森林动态有非常重要的影响。 本文以青藏高原东部亚高山针叶林几种主要森林树种为研究对象，采用开顶式增温法（OTCs）模拟气候变暖来研究增温对生长在两种不同光环境下（全光条件和林下低光环境）的几种幼苗早期生长和生理的影响，旨在从更新角度探讨亚高山针叶林生态系统不同树种对气候变暖在形态或生理上的响应差异，其研究结果可在一定程度上为预测气候变暖对亚高山针叶林物种组成和演替动态提供科学依据，同时也可为未来林业生产管理者提供科学指导。 1、与框外对照相比，OTCs 框内微环境发生了一些变化。OTCs 框内与框外对照气温年平均值分别为5.72 ¡æ和5.21 ¡æ，而地表温度年平均值分别为5.34 ¡æ和5.04 ¡æ，OTCs 使气温和地表年平均温度分别提高了0.51 ¡æ和0.34 ¡æ；OTCs框内空气湿度年平均值约高于框外对照，二者分别为90.4 %和85.3 %。 2、增温促进了三种幼苗生长和生物量的积累，但增温效果与幼苗种类及所处的光环境有关。无论在全光或林下低光条件下，增温条件下云杉幼苗株高、地径、分支数、总生物量及组分生物量（根、茎、叶重）都显著地增加；增温仅在全光条件下使红桦幼苗株高、地径、总生物量及组分生物量（根、茎、叶重）等参数显著地增加，而在林下低光条件下增温对幼苗生长和生物量积累的影响效果不明显；冷杉幼苗生长对增温的响应则与红桦幼苗相反，增温仅在林下低光条件下对冷杉幼苗生长和形态的影响才有明显的促进作用。 增温对三种幼苗的生物量分配模式产生了不同的影响，并且这种影响也与幼苗所处的光环境有关。无论在全光或林下低光环境下，增温都促使云杉幼苗将更多的生物量分配到植物地下部分，从而导致幼苗在增温条件下有更高的R/S 比；增温仅在林下低光条件下促使冷杉幼苗将更多的生物量投入到植物叶部，从而使幼苗R/S 比显著地降低；增温在全光条件下对红桦幼苗生物量分配的影响趋势与冷杉幼苗在低光条件下相似，即增温在全光条件下促使红桦幼苗分配更多的生物量到植物同化部分—叶部。 3、增温对亚高山针叶林生态系统中三种幼苗气体交换和生理表现的影响总体表现为正效应（Positive），即增温促进了几种幼苗的生理活动及其表现：（i）无论在全光或林下低光环境下，增温使三种幼苗的光合色素含量都有所增加；（ii）增温在一定程度上提高了三种使幼苗的PSII 光系统效率（Fv/Fm），从而使幼苗具有更强的光合电子传递活性；增温在一定程度使三种幼苗潜在的热耗散能力（NPQ）都有所增强，从而提高幼苗防御光氧化的能力；（iii）从研究结果来看，增温通过增加光合色素含量和表观量子效率等参数而促进幼苗的光合作用过程。总体来说增温对幼苗生理过程的影响效果与幼苗种类及所处的光环境有关，增温仅在全光条件下对红桦幼苗光合过程的影响才有明显的效果，而冷杉幼苗则相反，增温仅在低光条件下才对幼苗的生理过程有显著的影响。 4、增温对三种幼苗的抗氧化酶系统产生了一定的影响。从总体来说，增温使几种幼苗活性氧含量及膜脂过氧化作用降低，从而在一定程度上减轻了该区低温对植物生长的消极影响；增温倾向表明使三种幼苗体内抗氧化酶活性和非酶促作用有所提高，从而有利于维持活性氧代谢平衡。但增温影响效果与幼苗种类所处的光环境及抗氧化酶种类有关，增温对冷杉幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响仅在林下低光环境下效果明显，而对红桦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响仅在全光条件下才有明显的效果。 总之，增温促进了亚高山针叶林生态系统中三种幼苗的生长和生理表现，但幼苗生长和生理对增温的响应随植物种类及所处的光环境不同而变化，这种响应差可能异赋予了不同植物种类在未来气候变暖背景下面对不同环境条件时具有不同的适应力和竞争优势，从而对亚高山针叶林生态系统物种组成和森林动态产生潜在的影响。 Enrichment of atmospheric greenhouse gases resulted from human activities suchas fossil fuel burning and deforestation has increased global mean temperature by 0.6¡æ in the 20th century and is predicted to increase it by 1.4-5.8 ¡æ. The globalwarming will have profound, long-term impacts on terrestrial plants and ecosystems.The ecoologcial consequences arising from global warming have also become thevery important issuses of global change research. The subalpine coniferous forests inthe eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provide a natural laboratory for the studying theeffects of climate warming on terrestrial ecosystems. The light environment differssignificantly between clear-outs and spruce plantations, which is particularlyimportant for plant regeneration and forest dynamics in the subalpine coniferous forests. In this paper, the short-term effects of two levels of air temperature (ambient andwarmed) and light (full light and ca. 10% of full light regimes) on the early growthand physiology of Picea asperata, Abies faxoniana and Betula albo-sinensis seedlingswas determined using open-top chambers (OTCs). The aim of the present study wasto understand the differences between tree species in their responses to experimentalwarming from the perspective of regeneration. Our results could provide insights intothe effects of climate warming on community composition and regeneration behavior for the subalpine coniferous forest ecosystem processes, and provide scientificdirection for the production and management under future climate change. 1. The OTCs manipulation slightly altered thermal conditions during the growingseason compared with the outside chambers. The annual mean air temperature andsoil surface temperature was 5.72 and 5.34 ¡æ (within the chambers), and 5.21 and5.04 ¡æ (outside the chambers), respectively. The OTCs manipulation increased airtemperature and soil surface temperature by 0.51 and 0.34 ¡æ on average, respectively.Air relative humidity was slightly higher inside the OTCs compared with the controlplots, with 90.4 and 85.3 %, respectively. 2. Warming generally stimulated the growth and biomass accumulation of thethree tree species, but the effects of warming on growth and development variedbetween light conditions and species. Irrespective of light regimes, warmingsignificantly increased plant height, root collar diameter, total biomass, componentbiomass (stem, foliar and root biomass) and the number of branches in P. asperataseedlings; For A. faxoniana seedlings, significant effects of warming on all the tested parameters (plant height, root collar diameter, total biomass, and component biomass) were found only under low light conditions; In contrast, the growth responses of B.albo-sinensis seedlings to warming were found only under full light conditions. Warming had pronounced effects on the pattern of carbon allocation. Irrespectiveof light regimes, the P. asperata seedlings allocated relatively more biomass to rootsin responses to warming, which led to a higher R/S. Significant effects of warming onbiomass allocation were only found for the A. faxoniana seedlings grown under lowlight conditions, with significantly increased in leaf mass ratio (LMR) and decreasedin R/S in responses to warming manipulation. The carbon allocation responses of B.albo-sinensis seedling to warming under full light conditions were similar with theresponse of A. faxoniana seedlings grown under low light conditions. Warmingsignificantly decreased root mass ratio (RMR), and increased leaf mass ratio (LMR)and shoot/root biomass ratio (S/R) for the B. albo-sinensis seedlings grown under full light conditions. 3. Warming generally had a beneficial effect on physiological processes of dominant tree species in subalpine coniferous forest ecosystems: (i) Warming markedincreased the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments in both tree species, but theeffects of warming on photosynthetic pigments were greater under low lightconditions than under full light conditions for the two conifers; (ii) Warming tended toenhance the efficiency of PSII in terms of increase in Fv/Fm, which was related tohigher chloroplast electron transport activity; and enhance non-radiative energydissipation in terms of in increase in NPQ, which may reflect an increased capacity inpreventing photooxidation; (iii) Warming may enhance photosynthesis and advancephysiological activity in plants by increasing photosynthetic pigment concentration,the efficiency of PSII and apparent quantum yield (Φ) etc. From the results, theeffects of warming on seedlings’ physiological performance varied between lightenvironment and species. The effects of warming on photosynthesis performance of B.albo-sinesis seedlings were pronounced only under full light conditions, while thephysiological responses of A. faxoniana seedlings to warming were found only underthe 60-year plantation. These results provided further support for the observationsabove on growth responses of seedlings to warming. 4. Warming had marked effects on antioxidative systems of the three seedlings.Warming generally decreased H2O2 accumulation and the rate of O2- production, andalleviated degree of lipid peroxidation in terms of decreased MDA content, whichalleviated to some extent the negative effects of low temperature on the plant growthand development in this region; Warming tended to increase the activities ofantioxidative enzymes and stimulate the role of non-enzymatic AOS scavenging,which helped to create an balance in maintaining AOS metabolites for the threeseedlings. Nevertheless, the effects of warming on antioxidative defense systems werepronounced only under the 60-year plantation for the A. faxoniana seedlings. Incontrast, the marked effects of warming on antioxidative defense systems for the B.albo-sinesis seedlings were found only under the full light conditions. In sum, warming is considered to be generally positive in terms of growth andphysiological process. However, the responses of growth and physiology performanceto warming manipulation varied between species and light regimes. Competitive and adaptive relationships between tree species may be altered as a result of responsedifferences to warming manipulation, which is one mechanism by which globalwarming will alter species composition and forest dynamics of subalpine coniferousforest ecosystems under future climate change.

Homologous size-extension of hybrid vanadate capsules – solid state structures, solution stability and surface deposition

The dimensions and cavity sizes of the molecular capsules with the general formula [V₁₀O₁₈L₄]¹⁰⁻ can be controlled modularly through the nature of the bifunctional, rigid organophosphonate ligands L¹ and L² (L¹ = bis(4-phosphonatophenyl)ethyne and L² = bis(4-phosphonatophenyl)butadiyne); the solution stability of the molecular entities as demonstrated by ESI-MS studies permits their assembly on the Au(111) surface on a sub-monolayer scale giving rise to a 2D supramolecular structure that is comparable to the packing arrangements of the capsules in the crystal structures.

Antioxidant and phenolic compounds in sweet potato peels and leaves: food applications and health benefits

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biotecnológicas (Biotecnologia Alimentar), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Hábitos saludables : proyecto de prevención de drogodependencias.

Se trata de llevar a la práctica un programa de prevención primaria dirigido a conseguir unas costumbres saludables. Los objetivos son desarrollar valores en el alumnado como la autoestima, la autonomía y la responsabilidad y fomentar hábitos que favorezcan un desarrollo saludable de la persona. Se describen los objetivos, contenidos y actividades del Proyecto Curricular para el segundo ciclo de Infantil y para los tres ciclos de Primaria y el primero de ESO. Concluye con los aspectos e indicadores de evaluación del proceso de enseñanza y del proyecto. Contiene encuestas dirigidas a los alumnos sobre la ocupación del tiempo libre, higiene y alimentación, relación familia-amigos y consumo de drogas, y modelos de cuestionario o guión de reflexión para el profesorado.