67 resultados para Calota craniana


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Bone reconstructions are traditionally conducted with autogenous grafts harvested from intra- or extra-oral donor sites to reestablish the lost bone volume for further implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. The calvarial bone has been studied as an excellent donor site in large atrophic situations, presenting low resorption rates, as well as complications and minimal morbidity. The hospitalization time is short, with low pain levels, short functional limitations, and invisible scars. The skull microarchitecture is predominantly cortical in the presence of growth factors that demonstrate their osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive abilities resulting in low resorption rate and high predictability when compared to the iliac crest. Dural lacerations, extra and subdural bleeding, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and brain damage have been minimized due to the development of surgical technique. The delimitation of diploe, preserving the internal skull cortex before osteotomy at the donor made it possible to reduce accidents and complications. The aim of this paper is to show a technical and to discuss aspects of the use of calvarial bone in the reconstruction of severely atrophic maxilla for oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Dez famílias são tradicionalmente agrupadas na Ordem Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae (martins-pescadores), Momotidae (udus e juruvas), Todidae ( todies ), Meropidae (abelharucos), Coraciidae (rolieiros), Brachypteraciidae ( ground-rollers ), Leptosomidae ( cuckoo-rollers ), Phoeniculidae ( woodhoopoes ), Upupidae (poupas-comuns) e Bucerotidae (calaus), mas não há caracteres na morfologia externa que sejam comuns a todos os membros da ordem. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma comparação da osteologia craniana das espécies de Coraciiformes com a finalidade de encontrar caracteres osteológicos que possam diagnosticar a ordem ou grupos de táxons de Coraciiformes, servindo ainda como uma fonte de dados para futuras análises filogenéticas. Como constatado por dados da morfologia externa, os caracteres da osteologia craniana ratificaram a diversidade morfológica existente entre os táxons da Ordem Coraciiformes, sendo difícil diagnosticá-la ou encontrar caracteres comuns a todos os seus membros. Apenas dois caracteres são comuns à ordem, tais como a presença da fossa lateroesfenóide e a ausência do processo suprameático, embora tais caracteres também sejam encontrados em outros grupos de aves. Homologias primárias foram encontradas, indicando similaridades entre diversas famílias, tais como: a zona flexória craniofacial é oclusa nos indiviíduos adultos de Coraciidae, Leptosomidae, Phoeniculidae, Upupidae e Bucerotidae; a fossa temporal tem desenvolvimento e profundidade intermediários em Momotidae, Meropidae, Coraciidae, Brachypteraciidae e Bucerotidae; o lacrimal está ausente em Momotidae, fundido com o ectetmóide nos adultos de Upupidae, Phoeniculidae e Bucerotidae, e presente e distinto em Alcedinidae, Todidae, Meropidae, Coraciidae, Brachypteraciidae e Leptosomidae; e o processo retroarticular da mandíbula é desenvolvido em Upupidae, Phoeniculidae e Bucerotidae.

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The Potoos form an exclusively neotropical family of nocturnal birds distributed throughout Central and South America, except Chile, and reaching their highest diversity in the Amazon region. The seven currently recognized species are certainly among the most poorly known birds of this region. They are characterized by a distinctive mimicry of vegetal trunks, where they remain almost motionless during daytime. For this reason, their nocturnal and cryptic habits make them exceedingly difficult to study. Published accounts on behavior and natural history of the family are scarce and contributions regarding its anatomy are rare. Here we sample six of the seven currently recognized species of Nyctibiidae, including Nyctibius grandis, N. aethereus, N. griseus, N. jamaicensis, N. leucopterus and N. bracteatus, in order to conduct a detailed and illustrated description of the skull and jaw osteology. High interspecific variation in skull osteology was observed in the family. Species of this family possess a highly modified skull, adapted to their life habits, which shelters their well developed eyes and permits a large mouth opening. The bones that form the palate structure exhibit a dorsoventral flattening, particularly in the pterigoid and parasphenoid bones, with the palatine bone being a broadly developed, wing-shaped structure. In the maxilar region, near the jugal arch, there is a tooth-like projection, unique among birds, which may assist in the retention of prey upon capture. The vomer bone is highly variable within the family, showing varying numbers of rostral projections amongst species. The broad occipital region exhibits large spacing between the quadrate bones, which are vertically disposed and possess a reduced processus orbitalis. The mandible, which is flexible and elastic, has an extremely short symphyseal region and sindesmotic joints in both mandibular rami. As a family, potoos possess a highly specialized skull which provides insight into the relationship between the form of the structures and the feeding habits of the species. Furthermore, the large interspecific variation in skull morphology emphasizes the needs for taxonomic revision within the family, which at present is lumped into a single genus.

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Micrastur semitorquatus, popularly known as Collared Forest-Falcon is an inhabitant of the rainforests of the Neotropical Region. Studies on the cranial osteology are scarce in the literature. To increase the knowledge about the anatomy of this species its cranial osteology was described and compared with other species of birds of prey. Three specimens of M. semitorquatus were examined at the Bird Division of the osteological collection at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Washington, DC (USNM: 245788, USNM 013493 and USNM 289773). Although the relationship between the form of a structure and its function is not fully established, many of the adaptations of the skull of M. semitorquatus may be related to this lifestyle and behavior, such as narrowing of the interorbital width, the robustness of pila supranasalis coupled with the prokinesis of the skull, a process developed post-orbital, and palatine expansion. In addition, the cranial osteology of M. semitorquatus can provide useful characters for cladistic analysis, sustaining the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships with other species of the same genus or the same family.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)