Marcación de cachalotes frente al Perú

La marcación desde buques cazadores que operan en las plantas de procesamiento resultan prácticas, sin costo alguno y sin crear dificultades los procesos de captura. Se dan los resultados de las marcas disparadas desde buques balleneros en las zonas de caza de las estaciones terrestres de Paita y Chancay.

Interactions of cetaceans with Spanish and Portuguese fisheries in Atlantic waters : costs, benefits and implications for management

With the aim to provide new insights into operational cetacean-fishery interactions in Atlantic waters, this thesis assesses interactions of cetaceans with Spanish and Portuguese fishing vessels operating in Iberian and South West Atlantic waters. Different opportunistic research methodologies were applied, including an interview survey with fishers (mainly skippers) and onboard observations by fisheries observers and skippers, to describe different types of interactions and to identify potential hotspots for cetacean-fishery interactions and the cetacean species most involved, and to quantify the extent and the consequences of these interactions in terms of benefits and costs for cetaceans and fisheries. In addition, the suitability of different mitigation strategies was evaluated and discussed. The results of this work indicate that cetaceans interact frequently with Spanish and Portuguese fishing vessels, sometimes in a beneficial way (e.g. cetaceans indicate fish schools in purse seine fisheries), but mostly with negative consequences (depredation on catch, gear damage and cetacean bycatch). Significant economic loss and high bycatch rates are, however, only reported for certain fisheries and associated with particular cetacean species. In Galician fisheries, substantial economic loss was reported as a result of bottlenose dolphins damaging artisanal coastal gillnets, while high catch loss may arise from common dolphins scattering fish in purse seine fisheries. High cetacean bycatch mortality arises in trawl fisheries, mainly of common dolphin and particularly during trawling in water depths below 350 m, and in coastal set gillnet fisheries (mainly common and bottlenose dolphins). In large-scale bottom-set longline fisheries in South West Atlantic waters, sperm whales may significantly reduce catch rates through depredation on catch. The high diversity of cetacean-fishery interactions observed in the study area indicates that case-specific management strategies are needed to reduce negative impacts on fisheries and cetaceans. Acoustic deterrent devices (pingers) may be used to prevent small cetaceans from approaching and getting entangled in purse seines and set gillnets, although possible problems include cetacean habituation to the pinger sounds, as well as negative side effects on non-target cetaceans (habitat exclusion) and fisheries target species (reduced catch rates). For sardine and horse mackerel, target species of Iberian Atlantic fisheries, no aversive reaction to pinger sounds was detected during tank experiments conducted in the scope of this thesis. Bycatch in trawls may be reduced by the implementation of time/area restrictions of fishing activity. In addition, the avoidance of fishing areas with high cetacean abundance combined with the minimization of fishery-specific sound cues that possibly attract cetaceans, may also help to decrease interactions. In large-scale bottom-set longline fisheries, cetacean depredation on catch may be reduced by covering hooked fish with net sleeves ("umbrellas") provided that catch rates are not negatively affected by this gear modification. Trap fishing, as an alternative fishing method to bottom-set gillnetting and longlining, also has the potential to reduce cetacean bycatch and depredation, given that fish catch rates are similar to the rates obtained by bottom-set gillnets and longlines, whereas cetacean by-catch is unlikely. Economic incentives, such as the eco-certification of dolphin-safe fishing methods, should be promoted in order to create an additional source of income for fishers negatively affected by interactions with cetaceans, which, in turn, may also increase fishers’ willingness to accept and adopt mitigation measures. Although the opportunistic sampling methods applied in this work have certain restrictions concerning their reliability and precision, the results are consistent with previous studies in the same area. Moreover, they allow for the active participation of fishers that can provide important complementary ecological and technical knowledge required for cetacean management and conservation.

Relatório de atividade profissional

Dissertação de mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

La caza de cachalote en el Perú. Estadísticas de captura para los años 1947 - 1961 y un intento de analizar las condiciones de la población en el periodo 1954 - 1961

Presenta datos basicos del numero cachalotes capturados cada años desde 1947 en la region del Pacifico Sureste. Datos sobre el esfuerzo y la captura por unidad de esfuerzo de las operaciones de caza de Pisco para el periodo 1954-1961 y de Paita para el 1957-1961. Ademas, la estructura de la poblaciòn, la abundancia de la poblacion y su relacion con el esfuerzo.

Desarrollo morfológico del feto del cachalote, Physeter catodon L.

Descripcion morfologica del feto de los cachalotes en sus caracteristicas de ojos, orificios auditivos, mandibula, encias, ranura de garganta, aletas y extremidades durante el periodo de gestación.

Resúmenes de las investigaciones balleneras en el Pacífico Sureste y otros océanos

Comprende el resumen de varios trabajos de investigación de ballenas del Pacífico sureste, especialmente de la ballena cachalote Physeter catodon L., especie intensamente cazada e industrializada en las décadas de los años 1960 a 1980 en Chile y Perú. La investigación ballenera en esta zona empezó en 1958 con la preparación de biólogos en los dos países, quienes colectaron el material que luego fue analizado y dio las bases científicas para una caza conservacionista.

Framework para o desenvolvimento e integração de aplicações de realidade virtual, realidade aumentada e multimédia

Os ambientes virtuais têm sido cada vez mais utilizados nas mais diferentes áreas, quer na medicina, engenharia civil ou até mesmo em áreas terapêuticas. Devido à sua emergente utilização foi estabelecido em parceria com o Museu da Baleia, através de várias reuniões, que seria viável a modelação de cenários virtuais, onde se desenvolvessem animações, com o intuito de que representassem o ciclo de vida das baleias cachalotes. Esta escolha foi efectuada de forma a envolver várias temáticas relacionadas com as baleias cachalotes, desde a migração, os problemas relacionados com o lixo no fundo do mar, etc. De seguida, foi construída uma Framework para incorporação destas animações (vídeos) e realização de actividades utilizando diferentes tipos de médias, Realidade Virtual e Realidade Aumentada, tornando desta forma as actividades mais interactivas, estimulantes e atractivas. Para a execução destas etapas do projecto foi decidido utilizar a ferramenta 3ds Max para a modelação dos objectos que iriam compor os cenários virtuais, bem como a sua animação. Para a implementação da Framework foi decidido utilizar o Adobe Flash visto ser uma ferramenta que permite a incorporação de diferentes tipos de médias, de Realidade Virtual, Realidade Aumentada e possibilita a construção de uma interface simples e atractiva. Esta Framework foi desenvolvida para que no futuro seja possível ser modificada, isto é, para que seja capaz de efectuar a incorporação de outros tipos de conteúdos, assim como a edição dos que já estão implementados.