Prevalence and analysis of t(14;18) and t(11;14) chromosomal translocations in healthy Indian population

Hematopoietic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma are characteristically associated with various chromosomal translocations. Follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are two subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which possess t(14;18) and t(11;14) translocations, respectively. The incidence of FL and MCL is higher in the western countries as compared to India. Interestingly, the associated translocations are also found in healthy individuals in western population, which is 50-80% for t(14;18), whereas t(11;14) occurs at a very low frequency. However, there are no studies to explore thes translocations in healthy Indian population, which could explain the lower incidence of FL and MCL. We employed Southern hybridization following nested PCR to detect above translocations in healthy individuals from India. Our results suggest that this assay can detect one t(14;18) translocation event in up to 10(7) normal cells where as one t(11;14) in 10(8) normal cells. According to our results, 87 out of 253 individuals carry t(14;18) indicating 34% prevalence in the population. The presence of this translocation was also detectable at the transcript level. Although, no gender-based difference was observed, an age-dependent increase in the prevalence of translocation was found in adults. However, even after studying 210 people, we could not detect any t(11;14) translocation, indicating that it is uncommon in Indian population. These results suggest that lower incidence of FL and MCL in India could be attributed to lower prevalence of these translocations in healthy individuals.

Biology and fisheries of swordfish, Xiphias gladius: Papers from the International Symposium on Pacific Swordfish, Ensenada, Mexico, 11-14 December 1994

The swordfish, Xiphias gladius, is a large migratory oceanic species. It is widely distributed in tropical, temperate, and sometimes cold waters of all oceans, and is usually found in areas with sea-surface temperatures above 13°C. It can reach a maximum size of 540 kg, and is a favorite food fish in many countries. It is excellent for steaks, canning, or teriyaki, the Japanese dish of meat grilled with sugar, soy sauce, and rice wine. Swordfish is harvested commercially throughout its distribution, in both coastal and high-seas fisheries. Sport fisheries for swordfish are very small compared to those for other billfishes, accounting for no more than a few hundred fish per year. (PDF file contains 284 pages.)

Generation time and utilization of energy by aquatic bacteria. [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 11(14), 198-202, 1966.]

Recent research has shown that the biomass of bacteria in lakes and other water-bodies can attain significant values. The huge production of bacteria is brought about by their great rate of reproduction. In a series of cases their biomass exceeds the biomass of phytoplankton. Therefore in a study of the biological productivity of water bodies it is necessary to calculate the biomass and production not only of the phyto- and zooplankton, but also of bacteria.The authors uses different methods and formulae to to compare the time of one generation of the bacteria.

On a method of determination of chlorophyll in cells of algae collected on a membrane filter. [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 11(14), 198-202, 1966.]

The original method, proposed by Yentsch (1957), of determination of chlorophyll directly in the cells, attracts attention by its simplicity. In order to measure the content of chlorophyll by this method, a determined volume of suspension of algae is filtered through a membrane filter. The latter is dried a little, clarified by immersion oil, clamped between two glasses, and spectrophotometrized. Extinction is read off at , wavelengths equal to 670 millimicrons (around the maximum absorption of chlorophyll a in the cell) and 750 millimicrons (correction for non- specific absorption and dispersion of light by particles of the preparation). The method of Yentsch was employed by the authors for determination of chlorophyll-a in samples of phytoplankton. They conclude that in spite of the simplicity and convenience of determination the method must be applied sufficiently carefully. It is more suitable for analysis of cultures of algae, where, non-specific absorption of light is insignificant.

Report of the PRA carried out at Ihale Beach, Tanzania, April 11-14, 2000

Ihale is a large landing site lying approximately 65 km. from Mwanza along the main Mwanza-Musoma highway. Ihale Beach was selected as a potential candidate for the 3-beaches study because of its proximity to Mwanza, and hence suitability for frequent monitoring; and because it is served by a road accessible during the rainy seasons. As with the first training Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) on Kiumba Beach on Kenya's Rusinga Island, the objectives with this PRA were as follows: (a) To identify and understand Ihale's community-based organizations and institutions which have a role in the lake's fishery. (b) To consider the key issues which arise from this study for the involvement of communities and community-based organizations and/or institutions such as those at Ihale Beach, in the co-management of Lake Victoria's fishery.

Letter to nephew, 11/14/1881

Three page handwritten letter to nephew, Daniel Avery Whedon, from Daniel D. Whedon. Dated 11/14/1881.

Propuestas para un programa de educación física en la escuela : 11-14 años.

El objetivo final del presente trabajo es que los alumnos tengan una actitud positiva hacia la práctica de hábitos deportivos. Está estructurado en distintas unidades didácticas: Coordinación, Agilidad, Resistencia, Flexibilidad, Fuerza, Velocidad, Habilidades atléticas, Habilidades deportivas, Habilidades de ocio y recreo, Habilidades expresivas y por último Actividades en la naturaleza. Se ha estructurado en tres niveles de tal forma que se pueden adaptar a las necesidades individuales de cada alumno, y sirva de puente entre el ciclo superior de la EGB y el primer ciclo de la secundaria obligatoria.

Physics now! 11-14.

Cumple con los requisitos del curriculum nacional inglés para la etapa 3 de la secundaria (Key stage 3).Pero, además, del conocimiento de hechos, métodos, principios y teorías sobre la ciencia física, este texto pretende otros objetivos: presentarla como una actividad humana, y desarrollar en los alumnos habilidades para la comprensión, aplicación, análisis, síntesis, evaluación y discusión de hechos científicos tanto actuales cómo futuros. Este libro del alumno va acompañado de un recurso para el profesor.

Biology now! 11-14.

Cumple con los requisitos del curriculum nacional inglés para la etapa 3 de la secundaria (Key stage 3).Pero, además, del conocimiento de hechos, métodos, principios y teorías sobre la ciencia de la biología este texto pretende otros objetivos: presentarla como una actividad humana, y desarrollar en los alumnos habilidades para la comprensión, aplicación, análisis, síntesis, evaluación y discusión de hechos científicos tanto actuales cómo futuros. Este libro del alumno se apoya en un libro/recurso para el profesor.

Biology now! 11-14. Teacher's resource book.

Cumple con los requisitos del curriculum nacional inglés para la etapa 3 de la secundaria (Key stage 3). Sirve de apoyo al libro del alumno pues contiene: las respuestas a todas las preguntas incluidas en los capítulos de éste, sugerencias de actividades prácticas con notas para los profesores, hojas de trabajo fotocopiables para apoyar determinadas actividades, así como, distintos tipos de pruebas de evaluación al final del libro. Todo ello con el objetivo de proporcionar oportunidades para que los alumnos desarrollen sus capacidades de investigación científica.

Chemistry now! 11-14.

Cumple con los requisitos del curriculum nacional inglés para la etapa 3 de la secundaria (Key stage 3).Pero, además, del conocimiento de hechos, métodos, principios y teorías de la ciencia química, este texto pretende otros objetivos: presentar ésta como una actividad humana, y desarrollar en los alumnos habilidades para la comprensión, aplicación, análisis, síntesis, evaluación y discusión de hechos científicos tanto actuales cómo futuros. Este libro del alumno se apoya en un libro/recurso para el profesor.

Chemistry now! 11-14. Teacher's resource book.

Cumple con los requisitos del curriculum nacional inglés para la etapa 3 de la secundaria (Key stage 3). Sirve de apoyo al libro del alumno pues contiene: las respuestas a todas las preguntas incluidas en los capítulos de éste, sugerencias de actividades prácticas con notas para los profesores, hojas de trabajo fotocopiables para apoyar determinadas actividades, así como, distintos tipos de pruebas de evaluación al final del libro. Todo ello con el objetivo de proporcionar oportunidades para que los alumnos desarrollen las capacidades de investigación científica.