Efecto del CIDR-G (Liberación Interna de droga controlada Tipo-G) y dos niveles de suplementación sobre la inducción del estro en cabras criollas en pastoreo.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, en Especialidad en Producción Animal) UANL

Efecto del CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release) aplicado después de la inseminación artificial sobre la tasa de preñez en vacas de carne.

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias Veterinarias) UANL, 2009.

Efecto del CIDR aplicado en vacas de carne receptoras para transferencia de embriones sobre la tasa de preñez.

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias Veterinarias) UANL, 2009.

Efecto de la suplementación con dos subproductos agroindustriales y reinserción de CIDR sobre el comportamiento productivo y reproductivo en vacas charolais.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencia Animal) UANL, 2014.

Respostas endócrinas e ovarianas associadas com o folículo dominante da primeira onda folicular em ovelhas sincronizadas com CIDR ou PGF2alfa

Os efeitos de prostaglandina (PGF2a) vs CIDR e eCG (gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina) na dinâmica folicular da primeira onda e sua relação com as concentrações plasmáticas de P4 e E2 foram investigadas em ovelhas cíclicas. Foram utilizadas 14 fêmeas ovinas da raça Bergamascia; o Grupo 1 (G1) foi submetido a duas aplicações de PGF2alfa e o Grupo 2 (G2), tratado com CIDR durante 14 dias, sendo que, no momento de sua retirada, administraram-se 500 UI de eCG. A dinâmica folicular ovariana foi monitorada por meio de ultra-som. Monitoraram-se todos os folículos > 2mm e mapeou-se sua posição diariamente, observando-se o desenvolvimento individual de cada folículo. Desde o dia anterior à aplicação da segunda dose de PGF2alfa (G1) e desde a administração de eCG (G2) até o décimo dia do ciclo estral, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análise de P4 e E2. Houve diferença significativa nas concentrações plasmáticas de P4 e E2 entre os tratamentos. A sincronização de estro e ovulação, utilizando CIDR + 500 UI de eCG, incrementou a quantidade de folículos recrutados, além de aumentar o diâmetro máximo e a taxa de crescimento dos folículos grandes na primeira onda folicular.

Comparison of the effect of a CIDR-Select synch versus a long-term CIDR based AI protocol on reproductive performance in multiparous dairy cows in Swiss dairy farms

Background Synchronization programs have become standard in the dairy industry in many countries. In Switzerland, these programs are not routinely used for groups of cows, but predominantly as a therapy for individual problem cows. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a CIDR-Select Synch and a 12-d CIDR protocol on the pregnancy rate in healthy, multiparous dairy cows in Swiss dairy farms. Methods Cows (N = 508) were randomly assigned to CIDR-Select Synch (N = 262) or 12-d CIDR (N = 246) protocols. Cows in the CIDR-Select Synch group received a CIDR and 2.5 ml of buserelin i.m. on d 0. On d 7, the CIDR insert was removed and 5 ml of dinoprost was administered i.m.. Cows in the 12-d CIDR group received the CIDR on d 0 and it was removed on d 12 (the routine CIDR protocol in Swiss dairies). On d 0 a milk sample for progesterone analysis was taken. Cows were inseminated upon observed estrus. Pregnancy was determined at or more than 35 days after artificial insemination. As a first step, the two groups were compared as to indication for treatment, breed, stud book, stall, pasture, and farmer's business using chi square tests or Fisher's exact test. Furthermore, groups were compared as to age, DIM, number of AI's, number of cows per farm, and yearly milk yield per cow using nonparametric ANOVA. A multiple logistic model was used to relate the success of the protocols to all of the available factors; in particular treatment (CIDR-Select Synch/12-d CIDR), milk progesterone value, age, DIM, previous treatment of the uterus, previous gynecological treatment, and number of preceding inseminations. Results The pregnancy rate was higher in cows following the CIDR-Select Synch compared to the 12-d CIDR protocol (50.4% vs. 22.4%; P < 0.0001). Conclusion The CIDR-Select Synch protocol may be highly recommended for multiparous dairy cows. The reduced time span of the progesterone insert decreased the number of days open, improved the pregnancy rate compared to the 12-d CIDR protocol and the cows did not to have to be handled more often.

Desenvolvimento de protocolos para IATF com 7 dias de permanência do CIDR® em fêmeas Nelore

O objetivo do experimento I foi avaliar a redução do tempo de permanência do dispositivo de P4 de 9 para 7 dias sob parâmetros reprodutivos de vacas Nelore. Foram utilizadas 674 vacas lactantes entre 40-60 dias pós parto que receberam no início do protocolo (d0) BE + CIDR. No momento da retirada do CIDR foi administrado PGF2 α, ECP e eCG. A IATF ocorreu 55 e 48 horas após a retirada do dispositivo nos tratamentos 7d-CIDR e 9d-CIDR, respectivamente. Dez dias após a IA foi realizada colheita de sangue para dosagem de P4 sérica e confirmação da ovulação. Vacas tratadas com 7d-CIDR apresentaram menor (p < 0,01) folículo ovulatório em relação ao 9d-CIDR. No entanto, a concentração de P4 pós-IA, taxas de ovulação, detecção de estro e prenhez não foram influenciadas pelo tempo de permanência do CIDR. Assim, o uso do CIDR por 7 dias promoveu desempenho reprodutivo semelhante em vacas Nelore comparado ao protocolo com 9 dias. O experimento II teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da reutilização do CIDR por até 35 dias de uso em vacas e 42 dias em novilhas Nelore. Utilizou-se 749 vacas lactantes 40-60 dias pós parto e 92 novilhas púberes. No d0 os animais receberam BE + CIDR novo (CIDR1) ou previamente usado por 7 (CIDR2), 14 (CIDR3), 21 (CIDR4), 28 (CIDR5) e 35 (CIDR6) dias. No momento da retirada do CIDR (d7) foi administrado PGF2 α, ECP, eCG e exame de US para mensuração do maior folículo (FD), além de colheita de sangue para dosagem de P4. A IATF ocorreu 55 horas após a retirada do dispositivo. O diâmetro do FD foi maior (p < 0,01) de acordo com o maior número de usos do CIDR nas vacas, a concentração de P4 reduziu nos CIDRs reutilizados porém se mantiveram acima de 1,5 ng/ml e a taxa de prenhez não foi afetada pela reutilização do dispositivo por até 5 vezes em vacas e o sexto uso em novilhas. O protocolo com 7 dias de permanência permite a reutilização do CIDR por até 6 vezes mantendo a mesma eficiência reprodutiva. No experimento III o objetivo foi avaliar se a aplicação do eCG dois dias antes da retirada do dispositivo aumenta o tamanho do FO, CL e taxa de prenhez. Foram utilizadas 681 vacas lactantes 40-60 dias pós parto e 182 novilhas púberes. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois tratamentos com aplicação de eCG no quinto (5d-eCG) ou sétimo dia (7d-eCG). No d0, os animais receberam BE + CIDR e no dia 7 o CIDR foi retirado e administrado PGF2 α e ECP. Dez dias após a IA foi realizada US para mensuração do CL e colheita de sangue para dosagem de P4. A IATF ocorreu 55 horas após a retirada do dispositivo. O tratamento 5d-eCG aumentou (p < 0,01) o FO nas vacas em relação ao grupo 7deCG e o mesmo ocorreu nas novilhas. Em vacas, a concentração de P4 pós IA foi mais alta (p = 0,04) no 5d-eCG. Em novilhas o diâmetro do CL pós-IA foi maior (p < 0,01) no 5d-eCG. No entanto, a antecipação da aplicação do eCG foi eficiente em aumentar o folículo ovulatório no momento da IATF, mas não aumentou a taxa de prenhez

Sincronização de estro com CIDR reutilizado em cabras lactantes da raça Toggenburg tratadas com somatotropina bovina recombinante (r-bST).

Avaliou-se a resposta de cabras tratadas com r-bST no protocolo de sincronização de estro. Foram utilizadas 26 cabras Toggenburg, divididas em dois tratamentos: T1 (n=13), tratadas com quatro injeções de ..250mg de rbST, a intervalos de 14 dias, e T2 (n=13), tratadas com solução salina (controle). Na semana seguinte à última injeção da r-bST, colocou-se o dispositivo intravaginal com progesterona (dia 0), previamente utilizado por cinco dias, e injetou-se PGF2.. (22,5µg) nos animais dos dois tratamentos, e o dispositivo foi retirado no dia 6. Todas as fêmeas em estro foram submetidas à monta natural. A porcentagem de animais em estro e a taxa de gestação foram 76,9 e 70,0 e 84,6 e 72,7%, no T1 e T2, respectivamente. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) na duração do estro, no intervalo tratamento-início do estro, no número de ovulações, nos intervalos: início e final do estro à ovulação e retirada do dispositivo à ovulação entre os animais dos dois tratamentos. O diâmetro médio dos folículos ovulatórios das fêmeas não diferiu (P>0,05). Durante a permanência do dispositivo, as concentrações séricas de progesterona apresentaram valores semelhantes (P>0,05) entre as cabras de T1 e T2. A r-bST não afetou a sincronização de estro.

Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone at initiation of the 5-d timed artificial insemination (AI) program and timing of induction of ovulation relative to AI on ovarian dynamics and fertility of dairy heifers

Two experiments evaluated the effects of the first GnRH injection of the 5-d timed artificial insemination (AI) program on ovarian responses and pregnancy per AT (P/AI), and the effect of timing of the final GnRH to induce ovulation relative to AT on P/AI. In experiment 1, 605 Holstein heifers were synchronized for their second insemination and assigned randomly to receive GnRH on study d 0 (n = 298) or to remain as untreated controls (n = 307). Ovaries were scanned on study d 0 and 5. All heifers received a controlled internal drug-release (CIDR) insert containing progesterone on d 0, a single injection of PGF(2 alpha),, and removal of the CIDR on d 5, and GnRH concurrent with timed AT on d 8. Blood was analyzed for progesterone at AI. Pregnancy was diagnosed on d 32 and 60 after AI. Ovulation on study d 0 was greater for GnRH than control (35.4 vs. 10.6%). Presence of a new corpus luteum (CL) at PGF(2 alpha),, injection was greater for GnRH than for control (43.1 vs. 20.8%), although the proportion of heifers with a CL at PGF(2 alpha) did not differ between treatments and averaged 87.1%. Progesterone on the day of AT was greater for GaRH than control (0.50 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.07 ng/mL). The proportion of heifers at AI with progesterone <0.5 ng/mL was less for GURH than for control (73.8 vs. 88.2%). The proportion of heifers in estrus at AI did not differ between treatments and averaged 66.8%. Pregnancy per AI was not affected by treatment at d 32 or 60 (GnRH = 52.5 and 49.8% vs. control = 54.1 and 50.0%), and pregnancy loss averaged 6.0%. Responses to GnRH were not influenced by ovarian status on study d 0. In experiment 2, 1,295 heifers were synchronized for their first insemination and assigned randomly to receive a CIDR on d 0, PGF(2 alpha) and removal of the CIDR on d 5, and either GnRH 56 h after PGF(2 alpha) and AI 16 h later (OVS56, n = 644) or GnRH concurrent with AI 72 h after PGF(2 alpha) (COS72; n = 651). Estrus at AI was greater for COS72 than for OVS56 (61.4 vs. 47.5). Treatment did not affect P/AI on d 32 in heifers displaying signs of estrus at AI, but COS72 improved P/AI compared with OVS56 (55.0 vs. 47.6%) in those not in estrus at AI. Similarly, P/AI on d 60 did not differ between treatments for heifers displaying estrus, but COS72 improved P/AI compared with OVS56 (53.0 vs. 44.7%) in those not in estrus at AI. Administration of GnRH on the first day of the 5-d timed AI program resulted in low ovulation rate and no improvement in P/AI when heifers received a single PGF(2 alpha) injection 5 d later. Moreover, extending the proestrus by delaying the finAI GnRH from 56 to 72 h concurrent with AI benefited fertility of dairy heifers that did not display signs of estrus at insemination following the 5-d timed AI protocol.

Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin and type of ovulatory stimulus in a timed-AI protocol on reproductive responses in dairy cows

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) supplementation (with or without eCG) and type of ovulatory stimulus (GnRH or ECP) on ovarian follicular dynamics, luteal function, and pregnancies per AI (P/AI) in Holstein cows receiving timed artificial insemination (TAI). On Day 0, 742 cows in a total of 782 breedings, received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and one intravaginal progesterone (P4) insert (CIDR). On Day 8, the CIDR was removed, and all cows were given PGF2 alpha and assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: (1) CG: GnRH 48 h later; (2) CE: ECP; (3) EG: eCG + GnRH 48 It later; (4) EE: eCG + ECP. There were significant interactions for eCG x ovulatory stimulus and eCG x BCS. Cows in the CG group were less likely (28.9% vs. 33.8%; P < 0.05) to become pregnant compared with those in the EG group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28). There were no differences in P/AI between CE and EE cows (30.9% vs. 29.1%; OR = 0.85; P = 0.56), respectively. Thinner cows not receiving eCG had lower P/AI than thinner cows receiving eCG (15.2% vs. 38.0%; OR = 0.20; P < 0.01). Treatment with eCG tended to increase serum progestesterone concentrations during the diestrus following synchronized ovulation (P < 0.10). However, the treatment used to induce ovulation did not affect CL volume or serum progesterone concentrations. In conclusion, both ECP and GnRH yielded comparable P/AI. However, eCG treatment at CIDR removal increased pregnancy rate in cows induced to ovulate with GnRH and in cows with lower BCS. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of early luteolysis in progesterone-based Al protocols in Bos indicus, Bos indicus x Bos taurus and Bos taurus heifers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDR) and estradiol benzoate (EB) on follicular dynamics in Bos indicus (n = 23), Bos taurus (n = 25), and cross-bred (n = 23) heifers. To assess the influence of reduced serum progesterone concentrations during 8 days of treatment with a progesterone-releasing device on follicular dynamics, half of the heifers received PGF at CIDR insertion (Day 0; 3 x 2 factorial design). Mean ( +/- S.E.M.) serum progesterone concentrations during CIDR treatment varied (P < 0.05) among genetic groups: B. indicus (5.4 +/- 0.1 ng/mL), B. taurus (3.3 +/- 0.0 ng/mL), and cross-bred (4.3 +/- 0.1 ng/mL). Maximum diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) was smaller (P < 0.01) in B. indicus heifers (9.5 +/- 0.5 mm) than in cross-bred (12.3 +/- 0.4 mm) or B. taurus heifers (11.6 +/- 0.5 mm). B. indicus experienced lower (P < 0.01) ovulation rate (39.1%) than did B. taurus (72.7%) and cross-bred (84.0%). Heifers treated with PGF on Day 0 had lower (P < 0.05) serum progesterone concentrations during progesterone treatment. The PGF treatment on Day 0 increased (P < 0.01) the diameter of the DF (11.9 +/- 0.4 mm vs. 10.5 +/- 0.4 mm). Moreover, greater (P = 0.02) ovulation rates (78.8 vs. 54.0%) occurred in heifers treated with PGF on Day 0. In summary, B. indicus heifers had greater serum progesterone concentrations, smaller DF diameter, and a lower ovulation rate compared to B. taurus heifers. Prostaglandin treatment on the day of CIDR insertion reduced serum progesterone during treatment, and resulted in increased maximum DF diameter and ovulation rate. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

LH surge in Nelore cows (Bos indicus), after induced estrus or after ovarian superestimulation

Considering, that there is limited information about the preovulatory LH surge in Zebu Cattle (Bos indicus). the purpose of the present work was to assess the LH surge in Nelore cows during the estrous cycle and after ovarian superestimulation of ovarian follicular development with FSH. This information is particularly important to improve superovulatory protocols associated with fixed-time artificial insemination. Nelore cows (n = 12) had their estrus synchronized with all intravaginal device containing progesterone (CIDR-B (R)) associated with estradiol benzoate administration (EB, 2.5 mg, i.m., Day 0). Eight days later all animals were treated with PGF2 alpha (Day 8) in the morning (8:00 h) and at night, when CIDR devices were removed (20:00 11). Starting 38 h after the first PGF2 alpha injection, blood sampling and ovarian ultrasonography took place every 4 h, during 37 consecutive hours. Frequent handling may have resulted in a stress-induced suppression of LH secretion resulting in only 3 of 12 cows having ovulations at 46.7 +/- 4.9 and 72.3 +/- 3.8 h, respectively, after removal of CIDR-B. Thirty days later, the same animals received the described hormonal treatment associated with FSH (Folltropin (R) total dose = 200 mg) administered twice a day, during 4 consecutive days, starting on Day 5. Thirty-six hours after the first injection of PGF2 alpha, to minimize stress. only seven blood samples were collected at 4 h interval each. and ultrasonography was performed every 12 h until ovulation. In 11 of 12 cows (92%) the LH surge and ovulation were observed 34.6 +/- 1.6 and 59.5 +/- 1.9 h. respectively. after removal of progesterone source. The maximum values for LH in those animals were 19.0 +/- 2.6 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.M.). It is concluded that, in Nelore COWS submitted to a ovarian superstimulation Protocol, the LH surge occurs approximately 35 It after removal of intravaginal device containing progesterone, and approximately 12h before the LH surge observed after an induced estrus without ovarian superstimulation (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.