Estrategias empresariales para afrontar la competencia internacional: el caso del cluster de confecciones de la industria textil de Atuntaqui

El comercio mundial tiene múltiples actores que está sumamente bien posicionados y otros que buscan nuevas estrategias para mejorar su posicionamiento. Asimismo, las diferencias entre los mercados internacionales, nacionales y/o locales son notables, mientras los unos se expanden a pasos agigantados, los otros lo hacen paso a paso. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental determinar las estrategias que las empresas del sector de las confecciones del cluster textil de Atuntaqui pueden implementar para hacer frente a la competencia internacional. Con esta referencia, el trabajo se ha dividido en tres capítulos. El primer capítulo, está conformado por un análisis de los principales elementos conceptuales (cadena global de valor, managment dentro de la CGV y cluster industriales); seguido, se presenta un breve recuento de la industria, el comercio mundial y los principales importadores y exportadores. Luego, se analiza las tendencias globales utilizadas por los países de América Latina y el Caribe, entre los que están: plataforma de exportación, clusters y logística internacional. En el segundo capítulo, se analizan las principales estadísticas sobre el comportamiento histórico de las importaciones y exportaciones, la caracterización de las empresas, el ámbito tecnológico, los costos y gastos en los que se ha incurrido en algunos cantones y sobre el mercado laboral. Para finalizar, el tercer capítulo, cuenta con una perspectiva local de la industria en Atuntaqui, con temas, como: el “cluster” de la industria, la caracterización de las empresas, el clima de negocios, el diagnostico FODA y las principales estrategias.

Comercio, inversión y fragmentación del mercado global: ¿está quedando atrás América Latina?

Incluye Bibliografía

Desempenho e características quantitativas in vivo e da carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com cana-de-açúcar e concentrado contendo grãos de girassol e vitamina E

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

WORKLOAD AND PERFORMANCE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIMEDIA JOB AIDS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS

This dissertation focuses on factors of multimedia job aids that modify workload, protocol adherence and clinical errors in community health workers. Literature shows that community health workers performance is not acceptable even with support of paper job aids. There are cognitive theories that try to explain reasons why the performance of community health workers is poor regardless of the access to paper based-job aid. Based on cognitive science and multimedia design theories an intervention was designed to compare alternative representations for the information contained on paper job aids and the capability of this new designed job aids to enhance community health workers performance. The dissertation is divided in 5 main parts: 1. identification and description of the problem, 2. a methodological approach to create and evaluate an intervention, 3. Presentation of results of the intervention evaluation, 4. Discussion of findings and 5. Conclusions

Padrão de especialização comercial e crescimento econômico : uma análise sobre o Brasil no contexto da fragmentação da produção e das cadeias globais de valor

Globalization and technological changes that has happened since the 80s have brought remarkable changes in the industrial and commercial paradigm, which are expressed mainly in the international fragmentation of production and in the formation of Global Value Chains (GVC). This thesis sought to understand such phenomena and discuss new relevant variables in this context for a more accurate analysis of the current trade patterns not addressed by the seminal economic theories that relate trade and economic growth. It sought to evaluate how the trade specialization pattern of Brazil evolved compared to other economies (China, India, Russia, United States, Japan and selected Latin American economies) in the light of these phenomena from 1995 to 2011. Therefore, we have used the methodology of gross exports decomposition in value added measures, developed by Koopman et al. (2014), and indicators estimated from data of two global matrices I-O: a WIOT (2013) and the TiVA (2015). It was also tested two hypotheses regarding the role of these phenomena as determinants of economic growth in recent years: 1º) fragmentation and participation in GVC ensure higher growth rates for countries; 2º) the place (stage) in which the country finds itself in GVC associated with sectoral technological aspects is also important for economic growth. For this, we used dynamic panel models (Difference GMM and System GMM) for a sample of 40 countries from 2003 to 2011. The studies carried out on Brazil show that the country is no longer on the margins of these phenomena, because it shows increasing rates of participation in GVC, including in sectors considered most strategic for fragmentation. However, there is not a standard convergence of trade specialization of the country to those presented by developed countries or movements earned by China and Mexico in terms of their position and profile of participating in GVC. Another important result obtained by the thesis is the identification of these phenomena are in fact new variables relevant for economic growth, because it shows empirical evidences to support the hypothesis 1 and, partially, the hypothesis 2. A joint analysis of the estimated econometric results with the results of the descriptive analysis of the Brazilian economy, it leads us to conclude that the trade specialization pattern of the country in the context of the new trade setups is presented unfavorably to its growth strategy.