Effects of current speed and turbidity on stationary light-trap catches of larval and juvenile fishes

Light traps are one of a number of different gears used to sample pelagic larval and juvenile fishes. In contrast to conventional towed nets, light traps primarily collect larger size classes, including settlement-size larvae (Choat et al., 1993; Hickford and Schiel, 1999 ; Hernandez and Shaw, 2003), and, therefore, have become important tools for discerning recruitment dynamics (Sponaugle and Cowen, 1996; Wilson, 2001). The relative ease with which multiple synoptic light trap samples can be taken means that larval distribution patterns can be mapped with greater spatial resolution (Doherty, 1987). Light traps are also useful for sampling shallow or structurally complex habitats where towed nets are ineffective or prohibited (Gregory and Powles, 1985; Brogan, 1994; Hernandez and Shaw, 2003).

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

I. A comparison of light trap and animal bait trap Anopheline mosquito collections in Puerto Rico. II. A list of the mosquitoes of Puerto Rico,

"Reprint no. 2541 from the Public health reports, Vol. 59, no.7. February 18, pages 221-233."

Biological studies of Maine moths by light trap methods

Caption title.

The possibilities of biodiversity monitoring based on Hungarian Light Trap Networks

Our method is presented with displaying time series, consisting of the daily amount of precipitation of 100 years, which has meant a separate challenge, as the precipitation data shows significant deviations. By nowadays, mankind has changed its environment to such an extent that it has a significant effect on other species as well. The Lepidoptera data series of the National Plant Protection and Forestry Light Trap Network can be used to justify this. This network has a national coverage, a large number of collected Lepidoptera, and an available, long data series of several years. For obtaining information from these data, the setting up of an easy to manage database is necessary. Furthermore, it is important to represent our data and our results in an easily analysable and expressive way. In this article the setting up of the database is introduced, together with the presentation of a three dimensional visualization method, which depicts the long-range and seasonal changes together.

Bilateral anomaly in the style of Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte) (Diptera, Psychodidae)

This paper presents a male specimen of Sciopemyia sordellii with a rare bilateral anomaly, consisting in eight spines in a style and five in the other. This species has four spines in each style as its normal number. The specimen was captured using a CDC light trap, in a forested area in the State Park ""Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade"", in May 2004, located in the city of Rio Claro, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Similar anomaly was once described but this is the first specimen found with a bilateral alteration. It may cause confusion in taxonomic identification and even lead to description of new species, increasing the number of synonymies.

Anomalia bilateral no gonóstilo de Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte) (Diptera, Psychodidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Os mosquitos (Diptera : Culicidae) da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna - ECFPn, Caxiuanã, Melgaço Pará, Brasil: ataque, sazonalidade e estratificação arbórea

Este trabalho foi realizado de fevereiro a dezembro de 1995, na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, localizada no interior da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, município de Melgaço, estado do Pará, com o objetivo de estudar as atividades sazonal e diária na floresta e no ambiente humano, e a estratificação arbórea das várias espécies de culicídeos. As coletas foram realizadas com a utilização de isca humana e armadilha luminosa do tipo CDC - isca ave, na floresta, no solo e copa das árvores e isca humana no peridomicílio. Um total de 1919 mosquitos foram coletados, distribuídos nos gêneros Aedes Meigen, 1818, Anopholes Meigen, 1818, Haemagogus Williston, 1896, Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827, Culex Linnaeus, 1758, Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905, Mansonia Blanchard, 1904, uranotaenia Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1891, Limatus Theobald, 1901, Phoniomya Theobald, 1903, Ruchomya Theobald, 1903, Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827, Trichoprosopon Theobald, 1901 e Wyeomyia Theobald, 1901. As espécies predominantes foram Culex (Melanoconion) portesi Senevet & Abonnec, 1941 (50,65%), Coquillettidia (Rhynchotaenia) venezuelensis (Theobald, 1912) (9,17%) e Haemagogus (Haemagogus) janthinomys dyar, 1921 (6,51%). As atividades horária e sazonal foram relacionadas com a temperatura, umidade e precipitação pluviométrica, e através do teste de correlação de Spearman, comprovou-se a interferência desses fatores sobre a atividade de algumas espécies. A hipótese de haver diferença significativa entre o número de espécies e exemplares, no solo e copa, foi verificada com utilização do teste do X² (qui-quadrado), que comprovou a diferença significativa somente entre o número de exemplares coletados no solo e copa, em isca humana na floresta.

Nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms in diffuse laser light

The nonlinear spectroscopy of cold atoms in the diffuse laser cooling system is studied in this paper. We present the theoretical models of the recoil-induced resonances (RIR) and the electromagnetically-induced absorption (EIA) of cold atoms in diffuse laser light, and show their signals in an experiment of cooling Rb-87 atomic vapor in an integrating sphere. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones when the light intensity distribution in the integrating sphere is considered. The differences between nonlinear spectra of cold atoms in the diffuse laser light and in the optical molasses are also discussed. (c) 2009 Optical Society of America

Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) em área de transmissão de leishmaniose tegumentar americana no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A região do litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo registrou 14, 30 e 104 casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana nos anos de 1993, 1994 e 1995 respectivamente. Com objetivo de caracterizar a fauna e a distribuição sazonal e horária das espécies de flebotomíneos foram realizadas coletas quinzenais de formas adultas durante o período de dezembro de 1995 a novembro de 1996, utilizando-se armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC, no interior da residência, no peridomicílio e na mata durante 12 horas a partir do crepúsculo vespertino. No peridomicílio foi utilizada, durante 6 horas também a partir do crepúsculo vespertino, armadilha de Shannon instalada a 100 metros da casa. A cada 3 meses esta armadilha foi utilizada durante 12 horas. Foram observadas flutuações das densidades populacionais, bem como as ocorrências intra e extradomiciliar das espécies predominantes. Lutzomyia intermedia foi a espécie mais abundante nas diferentes armadilhas utilizadas e nos ambientes investigados.

Sampling scarab beetles in tropical forests: the effect of light source and night sampling periods

Light traps have been used widely to sample insect abundance and diversity, but their performance for sampling scarab beetles in tropical forests based on light source type and sampling hours throughout the night has not been evaluated. The efficiency of mercury-vapour lamps, cool white light and ultraviolet light sources in attracting Dynastinae, Melolonthinae and Rutelinae scarab beetles, and the most adequate period of the night to carry out the sampling was tested in different forest areas of Costa Rica. Our results showed that light source wavelengths and hours of sampling influenced scarab beetle catches. No significant differences were observed in trap performance between the ultraviolet light and mercury-vapour traps, whereas these two methods caught significantly more species richness and abundance than cool white light traps. Species composition also varied between methods. Large differences appear between catches in the sampling period, with the first five hours of the night being more effective than the last five hours. Because of their high efficiency and logistic advantages, we recommend ultraviolet light traps deployed during the first hours of the night as the best sampling method for biodiversity studies of those scarab beetles in tropical forests.

Tuneable magneto-optical metamaterials based on photonic resonances in nickel nanorod arrays

We investigate the magneto-optical properties of a nanostructured metamaterial comprised of arrays of nickel nanorods embedded in an anodized aluminum oxide template. The rods are grown using a self-assembly bottom-up technique that provides a uniform, quasi-hexagonal array over a large area, quickly and at low cost. The tuneability of the magneto-optic response of the material is investigated by varying the nanorod dimensions: diameter, length and inter-rod spacing as well as the overall thickness of the template. It is demonstrated that the system acts as a sub-wavelength light trap with enhanced magneto-optical properties occurring at reflectivity minima corresponding to photonic resonances of the metamaterial. Changes in dimensions of the nickel rods on the order of tens of nanometers cause a spectral blue-shift in the peak magneto-optical response of 270 nm in the visible range. A plasmonic enhancement is also observed at lower wavelengths, which becomes increasingly damped with larger diameters and increased volume fraction of nickel inclusions. This type of structure has potential applications in high density magneto-optical data storage (up to 1011–12 rods per square inch), ultrafast magneto-plasmonic switching and optical components for telecommunications.

Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Diversity of a Forest-Fragment Mosaic in the Amazon Rain Forest

To study the impact of Amazonian forest fragmentation on the mosquito fauna, an inventory of Culicidae was conducted in the upland forest research areas of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project located 60 km north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The culicid community was sampled monthly between February 2002 and May 2003. CDC light traps, flight interception traps, manual aspiration, and net sweeping were used to capture adult specimens along the edges and within forest fragments of different sizes (1, 10, and 100 ha), in second-growth areas surrounding the fragments and around camps. We collected 5,204 specimens, distributed in 18 genera and 160 species level taxa. A list of mosquito taxa is presented with 145 species found in the survey, including seven new records for Brazil, 16 new records for the state of Amazonas, along with the 15 morphotypes that probably represent undescribed species. No exotic species [Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse)] were found within the sampled areas. Several species collected are potential vectors of Plasmodium causing human malaria and of various arboviruses. The epidemiological and ecological implications of mosquito species found are discussed, and the results are compared with other mosquito inventories from the Amazon region.

Observations on the feeding habits of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Campo Grande, an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Sand flies were captured weekly with CDC light traps from December 2003 to November 2005 in three areas of Campo Grande, in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. These areas incorporated two patches of remnant forest and five houses. The blood meals of engorged female sand flies were identified using the avidin-biotin system of immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Most (327/355) of the females analysed were Lutzomyia longipalpis, of which 66.4% reacted with human blood, 64.8% with that of birds and 8.9% with that of dogs. Females that had taken human blood predominated in the residential areas and two forest patches. The following combinations of blood were also detected for L. longipalpis in some of the samples analysed: bird + human (43.4%), bird + human + dog (6.1%). The combination bird + human + dog + pig was also found for Nyssomyia whitmani. Dogs and pigs appear to have little attractiveness for L. longipalpis. The results obtained demonstrate the eclecticism and high anthropophily of L. longipalpis and raise new questions with regard to the importance of dogs in VL epidemiology and the possible role of man as a source of infection for sand flies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.