904 resultados para CD8 T lymphocytes
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Maternal tolerance to the semi-allogenic fetus is brought about by several mechanisms in humans Glycodelin A (GdA) secreted by the uterine mucosa and decidua is induced to high levels by progesterone between 12 and 16 weeks of pregnancy The glycoprotein an immunomodulator has been shown to be inhibitory to the survival and functions of almost all the immune cells CD8(+) T cells which predominate the T lymphocyte population in the decidua are relatively less studied We attempted to find out the possible mechanism if any of regulation of the cytolytic function of CD8(+) T cells during pregnancy Alloactivated CD8(+) T cells harbouring specific cytolytic activity against target cells exhibited compromised activity upon treatment with high concentrations of GdA Interestingly unlike the CD4(+) T cells CD8(+) T cells were resistant to GdA-induced apoptosis The inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity was brought about by the downregulation of transcription of the cytolytic effector molecules granzyme B and perform and the degranulation of cytolytic vesicles These results suggest a protective role played by GdA during pregnancy by regulating the cytolytic activity of CD8(+) T cells (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
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BACKGROUND: Most individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis do not develop tuberculosis (TB) and can be regarded as being protected by an appropriate immune response to the infection. The characterization of the immune responses of individuals with latent TB may thus be helpful in the definition of correlates of protection and the development of new vaccine strategies. The highly protective antigen heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) induces strong interferon (IFN)- gamma responses during latent, but not active, TB. Because of the recently recognized importance of CD8(+) T lymphocytes in anti-TB immunity, we characterized the CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses to HBHA in subjects with latent TB. RESULTS: HBHA-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes expressed memory cell markers and synthesized HBHA-specific IFN- gamma .They also restricted mycobacterial growth and expressed cytotoxicity by a granule-dependent mechanism. This activity was associated with the intracellular expression of HBHA-induced perforin. Surprisingly, the perforin-producing CD8(+) T lymphocytes were distinct from the IFN- gamma -producing CD8(+) T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: During latent TB, the HBHA-specific CD8(+) T lymphocyte population expresses all 3 effector functions associated with CD8(+) T lymphocyte-mediated protective immune mechanisms, which supports the notion that HBHA may be protective in humans and suggests that markers of HBHA-specific CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses may be useful in the monitoring of protection.
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TLR are evolutionarily conserved molecules that play a key role in the initiation of innate antimicrobial immune responses. Through their influence on dendritic cell maturation, these receptors are also thought to indirectly shape the adaptive immune response. However, no data are currently available regarding both TLR expression and function in human CD8+ T cell subsets. We report that a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells, i.e., effector, but neither naive nor central memory cells, constitutively expresses TLR3. Moreover, the ligation of the receptor by a specific agonist in TLR3-expressing CD8+ T cells increased IFN-gamma secretion induced by TCR-dependent and -independent stimulation, without affecting proliferation or specific cytolytic activity. These results thereby suggest that TLR3 ligands can not only indirectly influence the adaptive immune response through modulation of dendritic cell activation, but also directly increase IFN-gamma production by Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. Altogether, the present work might open new perspectives for the use of TLR ligands as adjuvants for immunotherapy.
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Gastrointestinal complications in AIDS patients with diarrhoea are common clinical manifestations, frequently diagnosed by colonoscopy as non-specific colitis. We retrospectively study colon biopsies diagnosed as chronic colitis associated with HIV (CCH). Biopsies were sorted as patients with AIDS (serum CD4 < 200 cell/mm(3)) but without any clear infectious process (n = 12) and patients without HIV infection (n = 24). There are low numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes in lamina propria of AIDS patients, but CD8+ T populations in this area appear to be similar in all studied groups, regardless of HIV infection or laboratory evidence of a specific agent. We found the clear evidence of CD8+ T cells infiltration in colonic mucosa in HIV patients with microscopic colitis. An imbalance of lymphocyte subpopulations in the colon, both in the lamina propria and epithelium, could result in an intraepithelial CD8 infiltration, involved in the pathogenesis of CCH in AIDS patients.
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The present study aimed to estimate the number of CD8(+) T and natural killer (NK) infiltrating cells and the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in chemically induced neoplasms in an initiation-promotion bioassay for carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine, dihydroxy-di-N-propylnitrosamine, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine for 4 weeks. Two groups were subsequently exposed through diet to phenobarbital (0.05%) or 2-acetylaminofluorene (0.01%) for 25 weeks. An untreated group was used as a control. Immune cells and cytokines were immunohistochemically evaluated in neoplasms and in surrounding normal tissues at the liver, kidneys, lung, and small and large intestines. When compared to the respective normal tissues, an increased number of NK cells was verified infiltrating the colon, lung, and kidney neoplasms, while the number of CD8+ T cells decreased in the intestine and lung neoplasms. Expression of IL-10 was found mainly in kidney tumors. TGF-beta1 was expressed mainly in the liver and kidneys tumors. The results indicate that the differential occurrence of immune cells between neoplastic and normal tissues could be dependent upon tumor microenvironment.
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Until now, therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients has mainly relied on rather few T cell epitopes processed from structurally normal shared tumor antigens and presented by frequent HLA alleles. So far the design of these studies has not addressed the individuality of tumor-host interactions, which are not only determined by the antigenic tumor phenotype or the natural HLA polymorphism, but also by the individual T cell repertoire. The procedure described herein was developed to identify the preferential targets of the individual repertoire from a panel of known shared tumor-associated antigens. Lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of cancer patients or healthy donors and stimulated twice with autologous mRNA-transfected FastDC (Dauer et al., J Immunol. 170:4069, 2003). FastDC were generated from blood monocytes and separately transfected via lipofection with in vitro transcribed mRNAs encoding the panel antigens. Responder lymphocytes were tested on day 12 in a 20-hour IFN-g ELISPOT assay for recognition of 293T cells co-transfected pairwise with plasmids encoding the stimulation antigens and the respective individuals HLA class I alleles. In a first step, stimulation parameters were optimized for the detection of anti-HCMV pp65 responses. A maximum amplification of pp65-specific CD8+ T cell responses was obtained at a rather low IL-2 concentration (25 IU/ml) and at a minimum APC-to-effector ratio of 1:10. Addition of IL-4, IL-7 or IL-15 did not substantially improve the stimulatory potential. The test was applied to the human melanoma models D05 and MZ2, in both of which multiple T cell-defined antigens had previously been identified by expression screening. Blood lymphocytes were stimulated in parallel with autologous tumor cells and with mRNA-transfected FastDC. In D05, T cell reactivities against three out of eleven epitopes induced by stimulation with tumor cells were also found after stimulation with mRNA-transfected FastDC. Two further T cell target epitopes were identified with mRNA but not with tumor cell stimulation. In MZ2, T cell responses against five distinct epitopes were detected on day 12 after stimulation with mRNA transfectants. The same responses were detectable after stimulation with tumor cells only on day 32. mRNA stimulations against 21 tumor-associated antigens in addition to HCMV pp65 were performed in four healthy individuals. In all cases, CD8+ T cells against HCMV pp65 could be expanded. Among tumor-associated antigens, only reactivity against Melan-A/MART-1 in association with HLA-A*0201 was detectable in one of the donors. The vaccination of patients with targets a priori known to be recognized by their T cell repertoire may help to improve the outcome of therapeutic vaccination.
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Results of previous studies on the influence of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes on prognosis of women with breast cancer have been mixed. This study re-evaluates the role of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic marker in women with breast cancer.
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Infectious diseases caused by intracellular microbes are responsible for major health problems, and satisfactory control will ultimately depend on efficient vaccination strategies. The general assumption is that activation of protective immune responses against intracellular microbes dominated by CD8+ T cells are achieved only by live vaccines. In contrast, we here demonstrate stimulation of protective immunity in mice against the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes by vaccination with heat-killed listeriae. Vaccine-induced immunity comprised cytolytic and interferon gamma-producing CD8+ T lymphocytes. CD8+ T cells from vaccinated donor mice transferred protection against listeriosis. Moreover, vaccination with heat-killed listeriae induced production in CD4+ T-cell-deficient, H2-A beta gene-disrupted mutant mice. We conclude that antigens from killed listeriae are introduced into the major histocompatibility complex class I pathway and thus are recognized by CD8+ T cells. The practicability of killed vaccines against human infectious diseases therefore should be reevaluated.
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The frequency and phenotype of human antiviral memory CD8(+) T cells in blood are well studied, yet little is known about their distribution within tissues. Analysis of antiviral CD8(+) T cell populations derived from a unique set of normal liver and blood samples identified a consistent population of virus-specific cells within the liver. In comparison to the circulating T cells, the liver-derived T cells were present at frequencies which were variably enriched compared to that in the blood, and showed significant differences with regard to the expression of CD45RA, CD45RO, CD95, CCR7, CD27 and CD28. The differences in these cell surface markers are consistent with a mature 'effector memory' phenotype of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells within the liver. An enrichment of an activated subset of NKT cells (Valpha24/Vbeta11) was also observed, a finding which may be relevant to the regulation of the antiviral population:.
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Infant CD4+ T-cell responses to bacterial infections or vaccines have been extensively studied, whereas studies on CD8 + T-cell responses focused mainly on viral and intracellular parasite infections. Here we investigated CD8 + T-cell responses upon Bordetella pertussis infection in infants, children, and adults and pertussis vaccination in infants. Filamentous hemagglutinin-specific IFN- secretion by circulating lymphocytes was blocked by anti-MHC-I or -MHC-II antibodies, suggesting that CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes are involved in IFN- production. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed that both cell types synthesized antigen-specific IFN-, although CD4 + lymphocytes were the major source of this cytokine. IFN- synthesis by CD8 + cells was CD4 + T cell dependent, as evidenced by selective depletion experiments. Furthermore, IFN- synthesis by CD4 + cells was sometimes inhibited by CD8 + lymphocytes, suggesting the presence of CD8 + regulatory T cells. The role of this dual IFN- secretion by CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes in pertussis remains to be investigated. 2012 Violette Dirix et al.
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Limmunothrapie tumorale mdiation cellulaire est un traitement qui utilise le systme immunitaire des patients afin dinduire une rponse des lymphocytes T CD8+ (T CD8+) contre la tumeur. Cette rponse est produite suite la reconnaissance des antignes par les T CD8+. Ces cibles sont appeles antignes tumoraux (TAA) et dfinies comme des protines exprimes par les cellules cancreuses mais absentes des tissus normaux. Par une approche bio-informatique, notre laboratoire a identifi Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), une protine inhibitrice de la voie de Wnt, comme un TAA potentiel. Une immunothrapie mdiation cellulaire efficace requiert lidentification de TAA candidats pertinents. Le traitement de patients par immunothrapie pourrait galement tre amliores par laugmentation de la puissance daction anti-tumorale ainsi que la persistante des T CD8+ spcifiques aux TAA. Ce projet de doctorat se divise en deux parties : 1- La caractrisation de lexpression de DKK1 dans les cancers communs et la dtermination de son immunognicit afin de valider sa candidature comme TAA. 2- La reprogrammation des T CD8+, de patients atteints dun cancer commun, vers un phnotype moins diffrenti afin daugmenter leur potentiel anti-tumoral et leur persistance. Dans le premier objectif, nous avons caractris lexpression de DKK1 dans le cancer du sein et dans dautres cancers communs. Le profil dexpression de DKK1 a t tudi par RT-PCR et par ELISA dans plusieurs lignes cellulaires de cancer et dans les tissus normaux. Lexpression de DKK1 a aussi t tudie dans des chantillons cliniques provenant de cancers du sein, du poumon et du rein. Trente pourcents (30%) des tumeurs provenant dun cancer du sein exprimaient DKK1. La moiti des tumeurs DKK1(+) tait triple ngative, donc pas de rcepteurs dstrogne et de progestrone et tait Her-2/neu(-) (ces patientes ont des possibilits de traitements trs restreintes). De plus, 50% des chantillons cliniques de tumeurs du poumon et 30% des tumeurs de rein exprimaient DKK1. Les observations effectues dans le cancer du poumon ont t, par la suite, corrobores par d'autres groupes qui ont montr une corrlation entre l'expression de DKK1 et un mauvais pronostic. Aprs avoir confirme lexpression de DKK1 dans les cancers communs, justifiant ainsi sa candidature comme TAA, nous avons valu limmunognicit de DKK1. Pour ce faire, nous avons effectu des stimulations in vitro de cellules mononucles du sang priphrique (PBMC) de patient(e)s atteint(e)s dun cancer du sein ou du poumon avec des peptides drivs de DKK1 pouvant tre prsents par les complexes majeurs dhistocompatibilit (CMH) HLA-A*0201. Des clones de T CD8+ reconnaissant un peptide de DKK1 ont t identifis et isols. Par essai multiplex et cytomtrie de flux intracellulaire, la polyfonctionnalit dun ces clones T CD8+ spcifiques DKK1 a t tudie et a rvle un profil effecteur, renforant ainsi la candidature de DKK1 comme TAA. Dans lensemble, les rsultats obtenus dans cette premire partie de thse suggrent une possible utilisation de DKK1 en immunothrapie contre les cancers communs, attribuable son expression dans ces cancers et la possibilit de faire prolifrer des T CD8+ effecteurs spcifiques DKK1 partir de sang de patients. Dans la seconde partie de cette thse, je dcrirai la manipulation in vitro des T CD8+ de patients atteints dun cancer commun, afin daugmenter la force et la dure de leurs fonctions anti-tumorales. Il a t dmontr que des lymphocytes moins diffrentis sont capables dune rponse immunologique plus efficace et durable. Nous avons bas ce projet sur lutilisation dun inhibiteur pharmacologique de la GSK-3, pour activer de la voie de Wnt chez les T CD8+ et ainsi leur confrer un phnotype moins diffrenti, partageant des caractristiques de la cellule nave et de la cellule mmoire. Des cultures de T CD8+, spcifiques des antignes viraux, en prsence de linhibiteur ont permis daugmenter la scrtion dinterfron (IFN)- et leur activit cytotoxique. Ces rsultats indiquent un effet de lactivation de la voie de Wnt sur la fonction des T CD8+. Ces observations sont rapportes pour la premire fois chez les T CD8+ humains et suggrent une nouvelle stratgie, applicables limmunothrapie du cancer, afin de prolonger la persistance des cellules ainsi que leur activit anti-tumorale. En conclusion, ces travaux de recherche ont men la ralisation dune tape trs importante dans la validation de la candidature de DKK1 comme TAA pour les cancers communs, soit la dmonstration de son expression dans ces cancers et son absence dans les tissus normaux drivs dorganes importants. Ces travaux ont galement men la dmonstration de limmunognicit de DKK1, par lidentification dun peptide de DKK1 reconnu par les T CD8+. De plus, ltude de la polyfonctionnalit des T CD8+ spcifiques DKK1 a rvle un profil effecteur favorable pour lobtention dune rponse anti-tumorale efficace. Ces dcouvertes pourraient servir llaboration dune stratgie dimmunothrapie mdiation cellulaire pour les cancers communs. Pour sa part, ltude phnotypique et fonctionnelle de la modulation de la voie de Wnt dans les T CD8+ a donn lieu lobservation dun phnotype encore jamais rapport chez lhumain, confrant aux T CD8+ un aspect moins diffrenti avec des caractristiques propre un phnotype mmoire. Ces rsultats sont pertinents dans lamlioration de limmunothrapie du cancer, passant par laugmentation de la persistance des lymphocytes. En rsum, les rsultats prsents dans cette thse de doctorat fournissent des vidences indniables quant la validation de DKK1 comme TAA pour une immunothrapie mdiation cellulaire des cancers communs. Ces rsultats fournissent galement des preuves quant la pertinence de la reprogrammation des T CD8+ par lactivation de la voie de la voie de Wnt, afin de gnrer des lymphocytes mdiateurs plus efficaces pour ce type de thrapie.
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Lors dune infection par un pathogne, des lymphocytes T CD8+ nafs (LTn) spcifiques de lantigne sont activs, prolifrent et se diffrencient en LT effecteurs (LTe). Les LTe produisent diffrentes cytokines et acquirent une activit cytotoxique menant llimination du pathogne. Seulement 5 10 % des LTe survivront et se diffrencieront en LT mmoires (LTm), qui sont capables de rpondre plus rapidement lors dune seconde infection par le mme pathogne, contribuant au succs de la vaccination. Toutefois, la comprhension de lensemble des mcanismes rgulant le dveloppement des LTe et des LTm demeure incomplte. Afin de mieux comprendre les signaux requis pour la diffrenciation des LT CD8+ lors de la rponse immune, nous avons pos deux hypothses. Nous avons dabord propos que diffrentes cellules prsentatrices dantigne (CPA) fournissent diffrents signaux au moment de la reconnaissance antignique influenant ainsi le devenir des LT CD8+. Vu leur potentiel dutilisation en immunothrapie, nous avons compar la capacit dactivation des LT CD8+ par les lymphocytes B activs via le CD40 (CD40-B) et les cellules dendritiques (CD). Nous avons montr que limmunisation avec des CD40-B induit une rponse effectrice mais, contrairement limmunisation avec des CD, pratiquement aucun LTm nest gnr. Les LTe gnrs sont fonctionnels puisquils scrtent des cytokines, ont une activit cytotoxique et contrlent une infection avec Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). Nous proposons quune scrtion plus faible de cytokines par les CD40 B ainsi quune interaction plus courte et moins intime avec les LT CD8+ comparativement aux CD contribuent au dfaut de diffrenciation des LTm observ lors de la vaccination avec les CD40-B. Ensuite, nous pos lhypothse que, parmi les signaux fournis par les CPA au moment de la reconnaissance antignique, la voie de signalisation Notch influence le dveloppement des LTe, mais aussi des LTm CD8+ en instaurant un programme gntique particulier. Dabord, grce un systme in vitro, le rle de la signalisation Notch dans les moments prcoces suivant lactivation du LT CD8+ a t tudi. Ce systme nous a permis de dmontrer que la voie de signalisation Notch rgule directement lexpression de la molcule PD-1. Ensuite, grce des souris o il y a dltion des rcepteurs Notch1 et Notch2 seulement chez les LT CD8+ matures, un rle de la voie de signalisation Notch dans la rponse immune des LT CD8+ a t dmontr. Nos rsultats dmontrent que suite une infection avec Lm ou une immunisation avec des CD, la signalisation Notch favorise le dveloppement de LTe, exprimant fortement KLRG1 et faiblement CD127, destins mourir par apoptose. Toutefois, la signalisation Notch na pas influenc la gnration de LTm. De faon trs intressante, lexpression des rcepteurs Notch influence la production dIFN- en fonction du contexte dactivation. En effet, suite une infection avec Lm, labsence des rcepteurs Notch naffecte pas la production dIFN- par les LTe, alors quelle est diminue suite une immunisation avec des CD suggrant un rle dpendant du contexte pour la voie de signalisation Notch. Nos rsultats permettent une meilleure comprhension des signaux fournis par les diffrentes CPA et de la voie de signalisation Notch, donc des mcanismes molculaires rgulant la diffrenciation des LT CD8+ lors de la rponse immunitaire, ce qui pourrait ultimement permettre damliorer les stratgies de vaccination.
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Une petite population de lymphocytes T exprimant les deux corcepteurs CD4 et CD8 et appele double positive (DP), a t dtecte dans le sang priphrique de donneurs sains et de patients atteints de diverses pathologies dont la sclrose en plaques (SEP). Nous avons mis lhypothse quil sagissait de lymphocytes T hautement activs pouvant contribuer linflammation chronique prsente dans la SEP. Nous avons compar les cellules T DP obtenues du sang de donneurs sains et de patients atteints de la SEP et non traits. La frquence des cellules DP tait similaire chez les patients et les donneurs sains. La proportion de lymphocytes T DP qui exprimaient les chaines du rcepteur de linterleukine-15 (IL-15) tait plus leve que pour les autres populations lymphocytaires. Des mesures dinduction de la phosphorylation du STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) ont dmontr que les cellules DP ont rpondu des doses plus faibles et pour de plus longues priodes lIL-15 comparativement aux autres lymphocytes T. Le pourcentage de lymphocytes T DP ayant la capacit de produire linterfron-gamma et des enzymes lytiques tait lev chez les tmoins sains mais ces niveaux taient significativement rduits chez les patients atteints de la SEP. La caractrisation phnotypique de cellules DP a suggr que ces cellules ont des proprits similaires aux lymphocytes T activs. Bien quil ne sagisse que dune caractrisation partielle, il semble que les lymphocytes T DP perdent une partie de leurs proprits chez les patients atteints de la SEP.
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The progesterone-regulated glycoprotein glycodelin-A (GdA), secreted by the decidualized endometrium at high concentrations in primates, inhibits the maternal immune response against fetal antigens and thereby contributes to the tolerance of the semi-allogenic fetus during a normal pregnancy. Our earlier studies demonstrated the ability of GdA to induce an intrinsic apoptotic cascade in CD4 T-lymphocytes and suppress the cytolytic effector function of CD8 T-lymphocytes. In this report, we investigated further into the mechanism of action of GdA controlling perforin and granzyme B expression in CD8 T-lymphocytes and the mechanism of action of GdA leading to lymphocyte death. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to check for the surface expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and intracellular eomesodermin (Eomes) in activated T-lymphocytes, whereas quantitative RTPCR analysis was used to find out their mRNA profile upon GdA treatment. Western analysis was carried out to confirm the protein level of Bax and Bcl-2. GdA reduces the surface expression of the high-affinity IL-2R complex by down-regulating the synthesis of IL-2R (CD25). This disturbs the optimal IL-2 signalling and decreases the Eomes expression, which along with IL-2 directly regulates perforin and granzymes expression. Consequently, the CD8 T-lymphocytes undergo growth arrest and are unable to mature into competent cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. In the CD4 T-lymphocytes, growth factor IL-2 deprivation leads to proliferation inhibition, decreased Bcl-2/enhanced Bax expression, culminating in mitochondrial stress and cell death. GdA spurs cell cycle arrest, loss of effector functions and apoptosis in different T-cell subsets by making T-lymphocytes unable to respond to IL-2.
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Neisseria meningitidis sorogrupo C (MenC) tem sido causador de surtos no Brasil, desde 2005. Vacinas conjugadas contra MenC esto disponveis desde 1999 nos pases desenvolvidos e mais recentemente no Brasil. So vacinas eficazes em pacientes imunologicamente normais, mas pouco se conhece sobre o impacto em pacientes HIV+. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar se h alguma correlao entre a resposta de LT CD4+ de memria e a resposta de anticorpos especficos para o MenC, assim como conhecer as populaes de memria dos LT CD8+, em crianas e adolescentes infectados pelo HIV respondedores ou no vacina MenC conjugada. Amostras de sangue de 36 pacientes HIV+ foram coletadas antes e aps imunizao, para anlises laboratoriais, soros e clulas coletadas foram congelados e enviados ao nosso laboratrio para a anlise da resposta imune humoral e celular. Utilizamos o ensaio bactericida para avaliar a resposta humoral e dividir a populao de estudo em soroconversor positivo e soroconversor negativo. A citometria de fluxo foi aplicada para identificao das seis subpopulaes de LT CD4+ e T CD8+ e avaliao do perfil de ativao. No encontramos mudanas no perfil de distribuio das subpopulaes antes e aps a vacinao. A subpopulao LT CD4+ Int correlacionou positivamente com os ttulos de anticorpos e a ativao, de um modo geral, estava elevada nos respondedores, conferindo certa importncia para essa clula. Semelhanas foram observadas entre as subpopulaes LT CD4+ e T CD8+. Em suma, este estudo revelou importantes associaes entre a resposta de anticorpos bactericidas aps a vacinao, o perfil de distribuio das subpopulaes de LT CD4+ LT CD8+ e seu status de ativao.
