Fabrication of disposable voltammetric electronic tongues by using Prussian Blue films electrodeposited onto CD-R gold surfaces and recognition of milk adulteration

A new approach to fabricate a disposable electronic tongue is reported. The fabrication of the disposable sensor aimed the integration of all electrodes necessary for measurement in the same device. The disposable device was constructed with gold CD-R and copper sheets substrates and the sensing elements were gold, copper and a gold surface modified with a layer of Prussian Blue. The relative standard deviation for signals obtained from 20 different disposable gold and 10 different disposable copper electrodes was below 3.5%. The performance, electrode materials and the capability of the device to differentiate samples were evaluated for taste substances model, milk with different pasteurization processes (homogenized/pasteurized, ultra high temperature (UHT) pasteurized and UHT pasteurized with low fat content) and adulterated with hydrogen peroxide. In all analysed cases, a good separation between different samples was noticed in the score plots obtained from the principal component analysis (PCA). Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Amperometric Immunosensor for Chagas' Disease Using Gold CD-R Transducer

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da limpeza de CDtrodo construídos a partir de CD de ouro gravável/fita adesiva de galvanoplastia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de sensor biomimético para detecção de resíduos de pesticidas organofosforados e carbamatos em alimentos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determinação de Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em águas marinhas oriundas da Bacia Potiguar utilizando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)

The DGT technique has been used to determine and better understand the dynamics and bioavailability of metals in the sea near to marine outfalls. In this work, the DGT was assessed for the determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in marine water samples from Potiguar Basin in its conventional aspect (binding agent, Chelex-100 and diffusive agent: Diffusive polyacrylamide gel (D) and restrictive (R)) and determination of Pb and Cd through its alternative aspect (binding agent: Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gels and diffusive agent: 3MM Chromatography Paper). The deployment curves for long periods of immersion in the sample, showed a good linear correlation for the conventional aspect to Zn (D: R²=0.9586, R: R²=0.9444), Ni (D: R²=0.9789, R: R²=0.9286) and Cu (D: R²=0.764, R: R²=0.8143), and alternative to Pb (R²=0.9228) and Cd (R²=0.9673). The results of the organic and inorganic composition analysis in conventional aspect, showed that for every element there is no significant fraction of organic compounds in the sample. In addition, considering the alternative aspect, the comparison of obtained and expected masses suggests that some of the Pb is not labile and that the main retention mechanism of Pb for S. Cerevisiae occurs through ion exchange

Dynamic storage performance of two cyanine dye films and optimization design for a recordable compact disk

The optical constants of two cyanine dye films that we prepared were measured with a RAP-1-type (RAP is rotating analyzer and polarizer) spectroscopic ellipsometer. Toward making a simplified model for the wafers of a recordable compact disk (CD-R), we give their optimization designs developed with the cyanine dye films. in addition, the dynamic storage performances of two sample disks were tested by our dynamic storage testing system. Measurement results of the sample disks were obtained to test and verify our film designs. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 160.4890, 160.4760, 210.4810.

向日葵幼苗对镉胁迫的响应及镉积累过程调控

通过溶液培养方法，研究了不同浓度镉（Cd）处理对向日葵幼苗生长和生理特性的影响、不同生长代谢水平对向日葵Cd积累的影响、硫（S）对向日葵幼苗Cd积累的调控，并对相关代谢产物进行了分析。结果表明： 1）随着Cd处理浓度的增加，向日葵幼苗对Cd的吸收显著增加；根中积累的Cd明显高于叶和茎，各浓度处理根部的Cd含量分别为叶和茎的37.8 - 63.0倍和29.4 - 41.0倍。Cd胁迫显著抑制向日葵幼苗生长和叶绿素合成，当Cd浓度达1.0 mg•L-1 时，整株植物生物量和总叶绿素含量分别为对照的55.9%和52.6%。Cd胁迫下向日葵幼苗中游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量显著增加，1.0 mg•L-1 Cd浓度时，根中含量分别为对照的4.0、5.8倍。向日葵幼苗可溶性蛋白含量和过氧化物酶活性变化与Cd胁迫浓度呈明显的倒U字型关系，可溶性蛋白含量在0.05 mg•L-1 Cd浓度时达到最大值，叶、茎、根中的过氧化物酶活性分别在0.1、0.1和0.05 mg•L-1 Cd浓度时达到最大值。 2）向日葵幼叶中的Cd含量远远高于成熟叶片，最高可达成熟叶片Cd含量的5.8倍；幼苗地上部Cd积累与生长量呈线性正相关（R2=0.9858），证明Cd积累主要发生在植物的生长发育阶段，停止生长的组织或器官积累镉的速率显著降低（甚至停止）。 3）营养液缺S处理显著降低向日葵幼苗对Cd的积累，叶、茎、根Cd含量分别减少对照的30.5%、53.6%、31.4%，说明S是影响向日葵Cd积累的关键因素，而且不同器官对缺S的敏感程度不同，表现为：茎>根>叶。叶面喷施雾化谷胱甘肽（GSH）使向日葵地上部分Cd含量显著增加，为对照的1.4倍；但单独喷施半胱氨酸（Cys）或GSH的前体氨基酸（Cys、谷氨酸、甘氨酸）并没有增加向日葵Cd积累，说明GSH合成与向日葵的Cd积累密切相关。 4）通过对植物相关代谢产物分析发现，有机酸和非蛋白巯基（NPT）在向日葵幼苗中的含量分布不同，其中草酸和植物螯合肽（PC）分别占到总有机酸和NPT的90%、85%以上。有机酸和PC合成的前体物质（Cys、γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸、GSH）含量的高低对向日葵幼苗Cd积累没有影响；但幼苗叶和茎中的PC含量和Cd积累呈线性正相关（R叶2=0.958，R茎2=0.9994），而且各器官PC含量为：根≥茎、叶，说明PC是向日葵Cd积累的关键物质。

Characterization of non-covalent complexes of rutin with cyclodextrins by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn) and the phase solubility method were used to characterize the gas-phase and solution-phase non-covalent complexes between rutin (R) and alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs). The direct correlation between mass spectrometric results and solution-phase behavior is thus revealed. The order of the 1:1 association constants (K-c) of the complexes between R and the three CDs in solution calculated from solubility diagrams is in good agreement with the order of their relative peak intensities and relative collision-induced dissociation (CID) energies of the complexes under the same ESI-MSn condition in both the positive and negative ion modes. Not only the binding stoichiometry but also the relative stabilities and even binding sites of the CD-R complexes can be elucidated by ESI-MSn. The diagnostic fragmentation of CD-R complexes, with a significant contribution of covalent fragmentation of rutin leaving the quercetin (Q) moiety attached to the CDs, provides convincing evidence for the formation of inclusion complexes between R and CDs. The diagnostic fragment ions can be partly confirmed by the complexes between Q and CDs. The gas-phase stability order of the deprotonated CD-R complexes is beta-CD-R > alpha-CD-R > gamma-CD/R; beta-CD seems to bind R more strongly than the other CDs.

Actividades alternativas al currículo ordinario.

El trabajo no ha sido publicado

¡Qué divertido es leer!

Este proyecto de innovación educativa se realiza en el CIEP Tomás Romojaro de Olmedo. El objetivo general es dinamizar la biblioteca, para suscitar el interés por la lectura de los alumnos con actividades lúdicas y educativas, dirigiendo el proyecto a la celebración del IV Centenario de la Publicación de 'El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha'. La mayoría del profesorado del centro se ha implicado en que dicho proyecto se realizara, además han colaborado las familias en algunas actividades. El trabajo se ha desarrollado fundamentalmente dentro del propio centro educativo, excepto una visita a la casa de Don Miguel de Cervantes en Valladolid. Los objetivos generales del proyecto son los siguientes: - Dinamizar el uso de la biblioteca. - Comprender pequeños textos y mensajes orales y escritos. - Expresarse oralmente de una forma coherente.- Conocer y valorar el propio cuerpo experimentando sus posibilidades motrices. - Favorecer y encauzar la expresividad infantil. - Posibilitar la comunicación, sociabilidad y relación grupal.- Favorecer la interculturalidad a través del conocimiento de textos escritos de otros países de origen de alumnos del centro.- Celebrar el IV Centenario de la publicación del Quijote. La metodología llevada a cabo ha sido activa, lúdica para motivar y dinamizar al máximo los aprendizajes de los alumnos, potenciando su participación. El equipo de profesores ha llevado un plan de trabajo estructurado con un reparto de tareas definido y equilibrado. Han trabajado en dos niveles, en pequeños grupos, por ciclos, para la realización de las tareas acordadas y en grupo general para consensuar las actuaciones y proponer otras nuevas. El plan de trabajo concreto ha sido el siguiente: 1) Los profesores responsables de la biblioteca han llevado acabo unas sesiones de información para todos los profesores participantes en este proyecto, sobre los libros que hay en la biblioteca, lugar de ubicación de los mismos y a los niveles a los que están dirigidos. 2) Plantear lecturas adecuadas según la época del año y lo que se quiera conmemorar. 3) Establecer tiempos de utilización de la biblioteca por los diferentes grupos, organizar el préstamo de libros. 4) Elaboración de materiales. 5) Llevar a cabo todas las actividades propuestas. La evaluación se lleva a cabo durante todo el proceso del proyecto:al inicio haciendo un análisis de la situación de partida; durante el proyecto evaluación continua basada en la observación directa de todas las acciones realizadas, corrigiendo errores si fuera necesario, ya que en todo momento se tiene en cuenta el progreso de los alumnos, su actitud hacia la actividad, el análisis de la metodología empleada, tiempos y materiales utilizados. Los criterios de evaluación utilizados son: Lectura de textos utilizando la entonación y el ritmo adecuados, consolidando la habilidad lectora y apreciándola como fuente de información, placer y entretenimiento; comprensión del sentido global de los textos escrito; manifestación de preferencias en la selección de lecturas y expresión de las propias opiniones y gustos personales sobre los textos leídos; participación de forma constructiva (escuchar, respetar las opiniones de los demás y aportar opiniones razonadas) en diálogos, debates o exposiciones; utilización de la lengua oral y escrita en diferentes situaciones comunicativas; utilización de algunos recursos dramáticos y expresivos básicos (títeres, teatro danzar y canciones); comprensión d el sentido global de textos orales y escritos en inglés y francés; representación con imágenes secuenciadas, cómic o historieta, personajes y objetos. Los materiales elaborados han sido los siguientes: fichero con la relación de todas las actividades llevadas a cabo, libro de colorear nuestros dibujos del Quijote, carpeta con refranes en el Quijote, maqueta del Quijote para el aula del centenario, carpeta con diccionario de El Quijote, cajas de vocabulario decoradas, reportaje fotográfico de la experiencia, incluido en distintos CD-R. Trabajo no publicado.

SnO(2)-based materials for pesticide degradation

This study presents the results of the degradation of the pesticide atrazine using electrochemical and photo-assisted electrochemical degradation techniques using SnO(2)-containing electrode of nominal composition electrodes of composition Ti/Ru(x)Sni-(x)O(2) (where X = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30). The materials were characterized ex situ and in situ in order to correlate the observed atrazine removal rates with electrode morphology/composition. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the photo-assisted electrochemical degradation. Using purely electrochemical methods the rate of atrazine removal is almost zero at all the electrodes studied. However, the application of photo-assisted degradation results in almost complete atrazine removal in 1 h of electrolysis. The efficiency of atrazine degradation does not seem to be greatly affected by the electrode material or by SnO(2) content, but the overall COD removal is dependent on the SnO(2) content. Overall, the SnO(2)-containing electrodes do not reach the level of COD removal (maximum similar to 21%) seen for the Ti/Ru(0.3)Ti(0.2)O(2) electrode. An interesting correlation between the morphology factor (phi) and chemical oxygen demand removal is observed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Análise cinemática de cobranças de pênaltis

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Desenvolvimento de imunossensores para aflatoxina B1

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Indicadores de depressão e de declínio cognitivo em idosos institucionalizados: um estudo de caso

This case study objectified investigating the symptomatology prevalence for depression (DP) and cognitive decline (CD) on institutionalized elderly’s; verifying the existence of correlations between DP and CD with age, gender and scholarity; and analyzing the possible correlations between symptomatology for DP and CD. For the realization of this research were selected, in two Elderly’s Long-Permanence Institutions (ELPIs), 24 subjects, which were classified according to gender, scholarity and age group. To verify the occurrence of CD, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied and, for the incidence of DP, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was applied. The data were tabulated and descriptively analyzed. For the study of the relations between quantitative variables, the Pearson correlation test was utilized and also the Spearmann test when necessary; for the comparison between two independent groups, the Student's t-test was utilized; for the verification of the association between gender, scholarity, DP and CD indicatives, the Pearson's X2 test and, due to theoretical restriction, the Fisher's exact test were utilized. The level of 5% probability was adopted for the rejection of nullity's hypothesis on all the tests. The research demonstrated that 50% of the research' subjects presented DP indicatives and 54.2% presented CD indicatives. Associations between: gender and DP (p = 0.414), gender and CD (p = 0.219), scholarity and CD (p = 0.527) were not observed. Positive regular correlation was verified between age and DP (r = 0.557; p = 0.005) and negative regular correlation was verified between DP and CD (r = -0.406; p = 0.049). The data suggest that DP might be a reaction to CD perceived by the subject. However, the hypothesis that indicates DP as a risk factor for CD and DM cannot be overruled, which suggests the importance of monitoring and treating depressive episodes on elderly populations.

Application of Electrochemical Degradation of Wastewater Composed of Mixtures of Phenol-Formaldehyde

The industrial wastewater from resin production plants contains as major components phenol and formaldehyde, which are traditionally treated by biological methods. As a possible alternative method, electrochemical treatment was tested using solutions containing a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde simulating an industrial effluent. The anode used was a dimensionally stable anode (DSAA (R)) of nominal composition Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2, and the solution composition during the degradation process was analyzed by liquid chromatography and the removal of total organic carbon. From cyclic voltammetry, it is observed that for formaldehyde, a small offset of the beginning of the oxygen evolution reaction occurs, but for phenol, the reaction is inhibited and the current density decreases. From the electrochemical degradations, it was determined that 40 mA cm(-2) is the most efficient current density and the comparison of different supporting electrolytes (Na2SO4, NaNO3, and NaCl) indicated a higher removal of total organic carbon in NaCl medium.