Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from COCOTOW Expedition stations in the intersection of the Siqueiros Transform Fault and the East Pacific Rise

A near-bottom geological and geophysical survey was conducted at the western intersection of the Siqueiros Transform Fault and the East Pacific Rise. Transform-fault shear appears to distort the east flank of the rise crest in an area north of the fracture zone. In ward-facing scarps trend 335° and do not parallel the regional axis of spreading. Small-scale scarps reveal a hummocky bathymetry. The center of spreading is not a central peak but rather a 20-40 m deep, 1 km wide valley superimposed upon an 8 km wide ridge-crest horst. Small-scale topography indicates widespread volcanic flows within the valley. Two 0.75 km wide blocks flank the central valley. Fault scarps are more dominant on the western flank. Their alignment shifts from directions intermediate to parallel to the regional axis of spreading (355°). A median ridge within the fracture zone has a fault-block topography similar to that of the East Pacific Rise to the north. Dominant eastward-facing scarps trending 335° are on the west flank. A central depression, 1 km wide and 30 m deep, separates the dominantly fault-block regime of the west from the smoother topography of the east flank. This ridge originated by uplift due to faulting as well as by volcanism. Detailed mapping was concentrated in a perched basin (Dante's Hole) at the intersection of the rise crest and the fracture zone. Structural features suggest that Dante's Hole is an area subject to extreme shear and tensional drag resulting from transition between non-rigid and rigid crustal behavior. Normal E-W crustal spreading is probably taking place well within the northern confines of the basin. Possible residual spreading of this isolated rise crest coupled with shear drag within the transform fault could explain the structural isolation of Dante's Hole from the remainder of the Siqueiros Transform Fault.

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para determinação simultânea de catecolaminas em órgãos reprodutores de ratos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção eletroquímica

O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um método rápido e sensível para a determinação simultânea de catecolaminas (noradrenalina e adrenalina) em amostras de órgãos reprodutores de ratos machos por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com Detecção Eletroquímica. O método envolveu a injeção direta do extrato ácido da amostra de tecido em uma coluna cromatográfica com superfície interna de fase (HSA-C18), empregando a fase móvel foi composta por solução de ácido metanosulfônico a 0.013mol L-1 (pH = 3.0): acetonitrila (96:4v/v), 0,033g ácido heptanosulfônico e 0,01g EDTA. A detecção dos analitos foi obtida, através de um detector eletroquímico L-ECD-6-A-Shimadzu com potencial em 85mV. A extração das catecolaminas foi utilizado ácido perclórico a 0,4 mol L-1. A extração do analito resultou em valores de recuperação entre 56% e 114%, e coeficiente de variação entre 3,8% a 23%. O limite de quantificação do método ficou entre 0,008 e 0,030 ng mg-1 para a noradrenalina, e 0,009 e 0,051 ng mg-1 para a adrenalina. Em conclusão, o método analítico foi validado e aplicado com desempenho às amostras reais de tecidos biológicos de ratos, permitindo a determinação de baixas concentrações das catecolaminas estudadas. O método apresentou várias vantagens: rapidez, alta precisão, boa seletividade e, ainda, não requer o pré-tratamento da amostra.

Estudio de otros compuestos relacionados con la presencia de olor sexual no atribuible al escatol y a la 5@-Androst-16-en-3-ona en grasa dorsal de cerdo

En el presente trabajo de tesis se evalúa la posible contribución de otros compuestos al desarrollo del olor sexual mediante la aplicación de técnicas de Head Space dinámico y cromatografía de filtración de gel. El estudio se efectuó en canales de cerdos enteros previamente clasificadas con concentraciónes bajas de escatol (<0,10 µg /g) y androstenona (0,50 µg/ g) , aunque presentaban , según las respuestas de un panel sensorial, olor sexual. La selección de muestras de grasa clasificadas sin olor sexual permitió la comparación estadística de los resultados obtenidos. El análisis de los compuestos volátiles mostró una mayor abundancia de aldehidos (hexanal, heptanal), ácidos grasos de cadena corta (hexanoico, heptanico nonanoico), 1,4-diclorobenceno y estireno en las muestras de grasa con defecto organoléptico, ue puede, debido a los atributos sensoriales de estas sustancias y sus bajos umbrales de detección, favorecer el desarrollo de aromas desagradables asociados al olor sexual por los miembros de un papel sensorial. El análisis de las fracciones obtenidas por filtración de gel mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a la espectometría de masas permitió la identificación de la 4-fenil-3-buten-2-ona en las muestras clasificadas con olor sexual y concentraciones bajas de escatol y androstenona, que junto a los resultados obtenidos en el estudio sensorial, indican una influencia de este compuesto en el olor sexual. Por una parte la 4-fenil-3-buten-2-ona presentaría una acción sinérgica con la androstenona al potenciar su detección por parte de los panelistas a concentraciones inferiores de 0,01µg/g. Además, el olor a naftalina que presenta la 4-fenil-3-buten-2-ona puede confundir a los miembros del panel debido a que es uno de los descriptores sensoriales que se asocia con la presencia de escatol en las muestras de grasa evaluadas. Así mismo, la baja transferencia a la fase vapor del escatol y, especialmente, de la androstenona determinada mediante técnicas de Head Space estático, indica que la concentración de cada uno de los compuestos en la fase vapor no se corresponde con la concentración real en las muestras de grasa . Según estos resultados, las respuestas del panel test pueden estar influenciadas por la poca volatilidad de los compuestos implicados en el olor sexual y por la presencia en la fase vapor de otros compuestos aromáticos de mayor volatilidad. La validación de métodos de análisis para la determinación de indol-escatol y androstenona-androstenoles en grasa dorsal porcina mediante cromatografía líquida en fase normal y cromatografía de gases acoplada a la espectrometría de masas, respectivamente, fue otro de los objetivos planteados del presente estudio. La simplificación del tratamiento de las muestras de grasa fue uno de los aspectos analíticos que se tuvo en mayor consideración con la finalidad de ofrecer una mayor capacidad de muestras en un intervalo de tiempo corto.

Estudo dos genes do complexo do antígeno leucocitário humano (hla) associados à susceptibilidade ao diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Of all of the genes associated with the development of Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D), the largest contribution comes from the genes in the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region, mostly the class II DR e DQ genes. Specific combinations of alleles DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 constituting haplotypes, and further, a combination of more than one haplotype, providing multilocus genotypes are associated with susceptibility, protection and neutrality to DM1. Thus, the aim of present study was to verified the association of polymorphisms of HLA genes class II with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Ninety-two patients with T1D and 100 individuals normoglycemics (NG) aged between 6 and 20 years were studied. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral whole blood, collected in EDTA tube, using the extraction kit Illustra Triple Prep®, GE Healthcare. For HLA typing was used DNA LABType system by One Lambda kit applying Luminex® technology to the method of PCRSSO typing reverse. The alleles DRB1*03:01, *04:05, *04:01, *04:02, DQA1*03:01g, *05:01g, DQB1*02:01g, *03:02, the haplotypes DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01, DRB1*04:05-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02, DRB1*04:02-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02, DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02 and DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype were significantly associated with the chance of developing T1D. The alleles DRB1*11:01, *15:03, *15:01, *13:01, DQA1*01:02, *04:01g, *01:03, DQB1*06:02, *03:01g, *06:03, *04:02, the haplotypes DRB1*11:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*03:01, DRB1*13:01-DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03 and DRX-DQX/DRX-DQX genotype, formed by other than the DR3-DQ2 or DR4-DQ8 haplotypes, were significantly associated with T1D protection Despite the major racial Brazilian, even at the regional level, these results are similar to the majority of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of HLA class II-related susceptibility or resistance to T1D, extensively described in the literature for Caucasian population. Children with age at diagnosis less than 5 years of age had significantly higher frequency of the heterozygous genotype DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 compared to children with age at diagnosis than 5 years old. These results also demonstrate strong association of the genetic profile of the class II HLA for this age group, possibly associated with the severity and rapid progression to the onset of T1D. The knowledge of HLA class II genes may be useful in genetic screens that allow the prediction of T1D

Dinâmica populacional do caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (CRUSTACEA, BRACHYURA, UCIDIDAE) no município de Porto do Mangue, litoral norte do estado do Rio Grande do Norte

Decapod crustaceans are one of the most important portions of megafaunal of coastal waters, playing a role as modifier of the environment and controlling populations of other organisms. Among the Decapoda, crab (brachyuran) constitutes the dominant macrofauna of mangroves. Among brachyuran is the mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus, Linnaeus, 1763), which represents the main component of the macrofauna of mangroves, particularly in Northern and Northeastern Brazil. In Brazil, its distribution is known from the state of Amapá to the north of Santa Catarina. This species is distinguished by its economic importance, being one of the main fishing resources in Brazil, generating a significant impact on their natural populations. This reduction would result in loss of value to the product, preventing its commercialization. Although it´s great ecological and economic importance, there are few articles about the biological aspects of U. cordatus, mainly in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This work aimed to study the population dynamics of the mangrove crab, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), in Conchas estuary, Porto do Mangue, northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. During the period November 2009 to October 2010 the crabs were collected monthly, obeying predetermined lunar periods (new moon or full moon) in a mangrove area in Porto do Mangue - RN. With the aid of a steel caliper (0.01 mm) and a precision balance (0.01 g) were measured biometric variables related to the animal's carapace, major propodus chela, width of abdomen (female), length of gonopodium ( males) and total weight. In addition, it was recorded, the gonads and molt stages, for males and females. In total, 476 crabs were collected, with 338 males and 138 females. Males were larger, heavier and in greater proportion than females. The reproductive period for the species in this location was limited during the months November to May, suggesting a change in current environmental legislation for the closure period. Synchrony was observed between the morphological and physiological maturity with females maturing earlier, possibly, a reproductive strategy adopted, compared to the low fishing pressure in the area. The molting period occurred in the dry season peaking in October. The analysis of growth, based on the parameters of von Bertalanffy was calculated using the nonlinear fit using modes (AJMOD). High growth rates for both males (L = 7.54 cm, k = 0.95, t0 =- 00:08; tmax = 4.84) and females (L = 6.50, k = 1 , 2, t0 =- 0008; tmax = 3.28) were found, contrasting with data from the literature, using other techniques. Males had higher asymptotic width size and longevity, but a lower growth constant when compared with females. The estimated age, for males and females, reaching the minimum capture size was 1.82 years and 1.63 years respectively. The size of physiological maturity, when individuals are able to reproduce, was estimated at 1.4 years and 1.05 years, for males and females, respectively. The recruitment period for this species is seasonal, with two peaks of occurrence, one in the rainy season and one in the dry season. This work represented the first effort on understanding the ecology of the mangrove crab, to the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. However, further studies on its biology should be undertaken, especially those related to growth, and recruitment, where observed that literature is more scarce

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para determinação simultânea de catecolaminas em órgãos reprodutores de ratos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção eletroquímica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Farinha de vísceras de aves na alimentação de alevinos de piavuçu (Leporinus macrocephalus)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Crescimento e sobrevivência do camarão-rosa (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) na fase de berçário em meio heterotrófico

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of a heterotrophic rearing media (microbial flocs) on the growth and survival of Farfantepenaeus paulensis reared in the nursery phase. For 30 days, F. paulensis post-larvae (0.019 ± 0.01g) were reared in nine 40-liter plastic tanks at the density of 500 post-larvae m -2. Three treatments with three replicates each were used: rearing in the presence of microbial flocs with ration supply (FLOC + R); rearing in the sole presence of flocs - no ration supplied (FLOC); and rearing in clear water plus with ration supply (AC + R). The presence of microbial flocs had no significant effect on growth and survival in the nursery rearing of F. paulensis.

Effects of intensification of the amazon river prawn, macrobrachium amazonicum, grow-out on effluent quality

Studies to determine suitable levels of intensification are essential for developing sustainable aquaculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of effluents discharged from ponds stocked with 10 (D10), 20 (D20), 40 (D40), and 80 (D80) postlarvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum/m2. Intake and effluent water samples were taken throughout a 5.5-mo grow-out cycle. In that study, twelve 0.01-ha earthen ponds were stocked postlarvae with 0.01g. Average water exchange rate was 15%/d; water was discharged from the bottom of the ponds. Prawns were fed a commercial feed with 38% crude protein according to their biomass (3-10%) and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). In our research, temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids, conductivity, DO, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), N-ammonia, N-nitrite, N-nitrate, N-Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soluble orthophosphate were measured every 15d throughout the experiment in the early morning (0630 to 0730h). Turbidity was lower in D10 than in D20 and D40 and total phosphorus was higher in D80 than in D10 and D20. An analysis of principal components comparing treatments and intake water showed three groups: intake, D10 and a cluster of D20, D40, and D80. On the basis of the water characteristics found in our study it appears that the farming of M. amazonicum is likely to have a low environmental impact, at least up to a stocking density of 80prawns/m2. © by the World Aquaculture Society 2013.

Ictiofauna de riachos formadores do rio Teles Pires, drenagem do rio Tapajós, bacia Amazônica

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Frequência alimentar e taxa de alimentação para Kinguio criado em hapa: desempenho produtivo e avaliação econômica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência da biomassa inicial sobre o crescimento e a produtividade de peixes em sistema de policultivo

Analisou–se o crescimento dos peixes, a composição das espécies e a produtividade de quatro policultivos (P75, P78, P87 e P207), visando melhorar o manejo e a produtividade pesqueira dos pequenos açudes (0,1–5,0ha) do Semi–Árido brasileiro. Simulou–se as condições desses açudes em viveiros com 120 e 5.000 m² de área, sem renovação de água, utilizando moderada quantidade de adubo e fertilizante. A biomassa inicial variou de 75 a 207kg há^–1, sendo formada por: tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), curimatã pacu (Prochilodus argenteus), carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e tucunaré (Cichla ocellaris). Os peixes apresentaram baixo crescimento (< 0,01g g^–1d^–1) após 75 dias de criação (P78 e 87). O crescimento do tambaqui, da tilápia e da curimatã foi reduzido após 53 dias (P75). Em moderada biomassa, o crescimento do tambaqui foi inferior ao da carpa e da curimatã (P207). A produtividade da tilápia atingiu 720 kg ha^–1ano^–1 (P78), sendo reduzida para 220 kg ha^–1ano^–1 devido ao processo reprodutivo (P75 e P207). A produtividade da carpa de 1.600 kg ha^–1ano^–1 foi superior a dos outros peixes (P87). A biomassa inicial de 75 kg ha^–1 (60:30:4:3:3% de tilápia, tambaqui, carpa, curimatã e tucunaré, respectivamente) otimizou o crescimento e a produtividade dos peixes. A utilização de tilápias monossexadas e o fornecimento da alimentação suplementar ao tambaqui tornam–se imprescindíveis ao policultivo.

Níveis de aminoácidos digestíveis para juvenis de tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum e turnover isotópico do carbono - 13 e do nitrogênio - 15 no tecido muscular

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV