Ciclo reproductivo en las hembras de Cancer setosus (Crustacea, Decapoda) del litoral de Lima, Perú

Un total de 332 individuos de Cancer Setosus con tamaños del caparazón entre 6.5 y 14.0 cm. , fueron colectados en muestreos mensuales entre febrero de 1987 y febrero 1978 de capturas comerciales, provenientes de las costas centrales de Lima, Perú.

Estudio de la biología reproductiva del "Cangrejo Peludo", Cancer setosus Molina, 1782 (crustacea: decapoda: cancridae) en la Zona de Pisco

Se ha estudiado el ciclo reproductivo de Cancer setosus en la zona de Pisco para lo cual se hicieron muestreos mensuales durante 12 meses. Se han realizado cortes histológicos de las gónadas tanto de hembras como de machos y se describió la escala de madurez macroscópica, para lo cual fue necesario describir la ovogénesis y la espermatogénesis. Por otro lado, se calculó la talla de primer desove para hembras mediante el procedimiento de la frecuencia acumulada al 50% o o.5 de la fracción desovante. El análisis del ciclo reproductivo mostró que esta especie se reproduce durante todo el año pero con dos períodos importantes uno en verano y otro en invierno. Se ha relacionado la influencia de la temperatura y la salinidad sobre la reproducción, siendo la temperatura el factor abiótico más importante encontrándose una relación directa en verano inversa en invierno, mientras que la salinidad no tiene aparentemente alguna relación.

Estudio Línea Base – ELBA Callao, primavera 2011

Estudio Línea Base – ELBA Callao, primavera 2011. Inf Inst Mar Perú. 39(3-4): 149-198.- El ELBA se efectuó en el área delimitada por las islas San Lorenzo y El Frontón y la Península de La Punta, del 21 al 30 de noviembre 2011, para a) caracterizar biológica y oceanográficamente el área de estudio y b) obtener bases técnicas para el ordenamiento pesquero y acuícola. En el área predominaron sedimentos arenosos y grava de origen terrígeno. Presentó características térmicas frías al interior y cálidas al sur, con influencia de aguas costeras. La comunidad fitoplanctónica presentó abundancia de diatomeas. Se identificó zonas con alta biomasa de bentos y con altos valores de stress. Los sólidos suspendidos totales, cadmio y coliformes totales y termotolerantes sobrepasaron los límites de los estándares de calidad acuática en el Perú. Las comunidades de invertebrados más importantes fueron: concha de abanico Argopecten purpuratus, cangrejos Cancer setosus (ahora Romaleon polyodon) y C. porteri, almeja Semele spp., pulpo Octopus mimus y macroalga Macrocystis sp.; el calamar Loligo gahi usa el área para desovar.

Monitoreo de invertebrados marinos en estaciones fijas del Callao, 2008-2012

Se presentan resultados de investigaciones sobre reclutamiento, estructura por tallas y abundancia de Stramonita chocolata, Argopecten purpuratus, Cancer setosus (= Romaleon polyodon) y Glycymeris ovata efectuados en los bancos naturales de Callao durante el 2008-2012, así como del experimento de marcación - recaptura de A. purpuratus en la bahía del Callao el 2011-2012. Con los resultados del monitoreo de invertebrados marinos en estaciones fijas del 2008 al 2012 se establecieron patrones temporales y espaciales del reclutamiento y abundancia que tendrían fuerte impacto en la determinación de medidas alternativas de manejo en la regulación pesquera. Con los resultados de marcación – recaptura de A. purpuratus se determinaron parámetros de crecimiento von Bertalanffy: 100 mm para longitud infinita, 0,891 y 0,931 año-1 para k para los años 2011 y 2012 respectivamente, y -0.04 para t0. También se presentan resultados del monitoreo de Octopus mimus en las islas de la región Lima (Ancón- Asia) los cuales muestran por primera vez índices de abundancia, distribución y aspectos biológicos.

Cobre total en organismos bentónicos y su relación con acciones antrópicas y naturales

Se estudió la bioacumulación de cobre total en organismos bentónicos como, moluscos y crustáceos, en la bahía de Huarmey y se relacionó con las acciones naturales y antrópicas que ocurren en ella. El objetivo fue conocer qué organismo bentónico bioacumula cobre total en mayor cantidad para justificar su propuesta como organismo centinela de éste metal. Tomando como base las capturas de organismos bentónicos realizadas por buceo en el periodo 2006 al 2012, complementadas con muestras de sedimento marino, sedimento de río y agua de río se determinó cobre total mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en horno de grafito. Las mayores concentraciones media de cobre total se encontraron en crustáceos y moluscos, como el “cangrejo peludo,” Cancer setosus (MOLINA, 1782) (110,70 μg/g), el “caracol negro,” Stramonita chocolata (DUCLOS, 1832) (108,79 μg/g), la “lapa,” Fisurella crassa (LAMARCK, 1822) (99,52 μg/g), el “caracol turbante,” Tegula atra (LESSON, 1830) (88,27 μg/g), el “caracol rosado,” Bursa ventricosa (BRODERIP, 1833) (78,54 μg/g) y el“cangrejo violáceo,” Platyxanthus orbignyi (H. MILNE EDWARS Y LUCAS, 1843) (46,30 μg/g). La concentración de cobre total en el caracol negro se relaciona con las concentraciones de cobre total en el sedimento marino, en el sedimento de río y en el agua de río. La ecuación de regresión lineal múltiple evidenció dicha asociación (R=0,998).

Egfr Activating Mutations And Their Association With Response To Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy In Brazilian Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer patients and to correlate these mutations with response to benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our cohort consisted of prospective patients with NSCLCs who received chemotherapy (platinum derivates plus paclitaxel) at the [UNICAMP], Brazil. EGFR exons 18-21 were analyzed in tumor-derived DNA. Fifty patients were included in the study (25 with adenocarcinoma). EGFR mutations were identified in 6/50 (12 %) NSCLCs and in 6/25 (24 %) adenocarcinomas; representing the frequency of EGFR mutations in a mostly self-reported White (82.0 %) southeastern Brazilian population of NSCLCs. Patients with NSCLCs harboring EGFR exon 19 deletions or the exon 21 L858R mutation were found to have a higher chance of response to platinum-paclitaxel (OR 9.67 [95 % CI 1.03-90.41], p = 0.047). We report the frequency of EGFR activating mutations in a typical southeastern Brazilian population with NSCLC, which are similar to that of other countries with Western European ethnicity. EGFR mutations seem to be predictive of a response to platinum-paclitaxel, and additional studies are needed to confirm or refute this relationship.

Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol And Radiotherapy-induced Carotid Atherosclerosis In Subjects With Head And Neck Cancer.

Radiotherapy (RT) is a risk factor for accelerated carotid artery atherosclerotic disease in subjects with head and neck cancer. However, the risk factors of RT-induced carotid artery remodeling are not established. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RT on carotid and popliteal arteries in subjects with head and neck cancer and to evaluate the relationship between baseline clinical and laboratory features and the progression of RT-induced atherosclerosis. Eleven men (age = 57.9 ± 6.2years) with head and neck cancer who underwent cervical bilateral irradiation were prospectively examined by clinical and laboratory analysis and by carotid and popliteal ultrasound before and after treatment (mean interval between the end of RT and the post-RT assessment = 181 ± 47 days). No studied subject used hypocholesterolemic medications. Significant increases in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (0.95 ± 0.08 vs. 0.87 ± 0.05 mm; p < 0.0001) and carotid IMT/diameter ratio (0.138 ± 0.013 vs. 0.129 ± 0.014; p = 0.001) were observed after RT, while no changes in popliteal structural features were detected. In addition, baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed a direct correlation with RT-induced carotid IMT change (r = 0.66; p = 0.027), while no other studied variable exhibited a significant relationship with carotid IMT change. These results indicate that RT-induced atherosclerosis is limited to the irradiated area and also suggest that it may be predicted by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in subjects with head and neck cancer.

Nat2, Xrcc1 And Hogg1 Polymorphisms, Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption And Risk Of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancer.

To evaluate associations between polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) genes and risk of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer. A case-control study involving 117 cases and 224 controls was undertaken. The NAT2 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by automated sequencing and XRCC1 Arg399Gln and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Slow metabolization phenotype was significantly associated as a risk factor for the development of UADT cancer (p=0.038). Furthermore, haplotype of slow metabolization was also associated with UADT cancer (p=0.014). The hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism (CG or GG vs. CC genotypes) was shown as a protective factor against UADT cancer in moderate smokers (p=0.031). The XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism (GA or AA vs. GG genotypes), in turn, was a protective factor against UADT cancer only among never-drinkers (p=0.048). Interactions involving NAT2, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms may modulate the risk of UADT cancer in this population.

A Putative Otu Domain-containing Protein 1 Deubiquitinating Enzyme Is Differentially Expressed In Thyroid Cancer And Identifies Less-aggressive Tumours.

This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for thyroid carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis. We have constructed a human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library that was selected against tumour thyroid cells using the BRASIL method (biopanning and rapid analysis of selective interactive ligands) and phage display technology. One highly reactive clone, scFv-C1, with specific binding to papillary thyroid tumour proteins was confirmed by ELISA, which was further tested against a tissue microarray that comprised of 229 thyroid tissues, including: 110 carcinomas (38 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), 42 follicular carcinomas, 30 follicular variants of PTC), 18 normal thyroid tissues, 49 nodular goitres (NG) and 52 follicular adenomas. The scFv-C1 was able to distinguish carcinomas from benign lesions (P=0.0001) and reacted preferentially against T1 and T2 tumour stages (P=0.0108). We have further identified an OTU domain-containing protein 1, DUBA-7 deubiquitinating enzyme as the scFv-binding antigen using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The strategy of screening and identifying a cell-surface-binding antibody against thyroid tissues was highly effective and resulted in a useful biomarker that recognises malignancy among thyroid nodules and may help identify lower-risk cases that can benefit from less-aggressive management.

Primary Relapse Site Pattern In Women With Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

Despite the remarkable improvements in breast cancer (BC) characterization, accurate prediction of BC clinical behavior is often still difficult to achieve. Some studies have investigated the association between the molecular subtype, namely the basal-like BC and the pattern of relapse, however only few investigated the association between relapse pattern and immunohistochemical defined triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of relapse in patients with TNBC, namely the primary distant relapse site. One-hundred twenty nine (129) invasive breast carcinomas with follow-up information were classified according to the molecular subtype using immunohistochemistry for ER, PgR and Her2. The association between TNBC and distant relapse primary site was analyzed by logistic regression. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis patients with TNBC displayed only 0.09 (95% CI: 0.00-0.74; p=0.02) the odds of the non-TNBC patients of developing bone primary relapse. Regarding visceral and lymph-node relapse, no differences between in this cohort were found. Though classically regarded as aggressive tumors, TNBCs rarely development primary relapse in bone when compared to non-TNBC, a clinical relevant fact when investigating a metastasis of an occult or non-sampled primary BC.

[why Does The Prevalence Of Cytopathological Results Of Cervical Cancer Screening Can Vary Significantly Between Two Regions Of Brazil?].

To analyze the prevalence of cervical cytopathological results for the screening of cervical cancer with regard to women's age and time since the last examination in Maceió and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, among those assisted by the Brazilian Unified Health System. Cervical cytopathological results available in the Information System of Cervical Cancer Screening for the year 2011 were analyzed, corresponding to 206,550 for Rio de Janeiro and 45,243 for Maceió. In Rio de Janeiro, examination at one and two year intervals predominated, while in Maceió examination at one and three year intervals had a higher predominance. Women who underwent cervical smear screening in Maceió were older than those in Rio de Janeiro. The prevalence of invasive squamous cell carcinoma was similar for the two cities, but all the other results presented a higher prevalence in Rio de Janeiro: ASCUS (PR=5.32; 95%CI 4.66-6.07); ASCH (PR=4.27; 95%CI 3.15-5.78); atypical glandular cells (PR=10.02; 95%CI 5.66-17.76); low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (PR=6.10; 95%CI 5.27-7.07); high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (PR=8.90; 95%CI 6.50-12.18) and adenocarcinoma (PR=3.00; 95%CI 1.21-7.44). The rate of unsatisfactory cervical samples was two times higher in Maceió and that of rejected samples for analysis was five times higher in Maceió when compared to Rio de Janeiro. The prevalence rates of altered cervical cytopathological results was significantly higher in Rio de Janeiro than in Maceió. There is no objective information that may justify this difference. One hypothesis is that there may be a difference in the diagnostic performance of the cervical cancer screening, which could be related to the quality of the Pap smear. Thus, these findings suggest that it would be necessary to perform this evaluation at national level, with emphasis on the performance of cervical cancer screening in order to improve the effectiveness of cervical cancer control.

Predictive Value Of Phase I Trials For Safety In Later Trials And Final Approved Dose: Analysis Of 61 Approved Cancer Drugs.

Phase I trials use a small number of patients to define a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the safety of new agents. We compared data from phase I and registration trials to determine whether early trials predicted later safety and final dose. We searched the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website for drugs approved in nonpediatric cancers (January 1990-October 2012). The recommended phase II dose (R2PD) and toxicities from phase I were compared with doses and safety in later trials. In 62 of 85 (73%) matched trials, the dose from the later trial was within 20% of the RP2D. In a multivariable analysis, phase I trials of targeted agents were less predictive of the final approved dose (OR, 0.2 for adopting ± 20% of the RP2D for targeted vs. other classes; P = 0.025). Of the 530 clinically relevant toxicities in later trials, 70% (n = 374) were described in phase I. A significant relationship (P = 0.0032) between increasing the number of patients in phase I (up to 60) and the ability to describe future clinically relevant toxicities was observed. Among 28,505 patients in later trials, the death rate that was related to drug was 1.41%. In conclusion, dosing based on phase I trials was associated with a low toxicity-related death rate in later trials. The ability to predict relevant toxicities correlates with the number of patients on the initial phase I trial. The final dose approved was within 20% of the RP2D in 73% of assessed trials.

Cd8+ Tumour-infiltrating Lymphocytes And Cox2 Expression May Predict Relapse In Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

There is an increasing rate of papillary thyroid carcinomas that may never progress to cause symptoms or death. Predicting outcome and determining tumour aggressiveness could help diminish the number of patients submitted to aggressive treatments. We aimed to evaluate whether markers of the immune system response and of tumour-associated inflammation could predict outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Retrospective cohort study. We studied 399 consecutive patients, including 325 papillary and 74 follicular thyroid carcinomas. Immune cell markers were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, including tumour-associated macrophages (CD68) and subsets of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20, CD45RO, GRANZYME B, CD69 and CD25. We also investigated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in tumour cells and the presence of concurrent lymphocytic infiltration characterizing chronic thyroiditis. Concurrent lymphocytic infiltration characterizing chronic thyroiditis was observed in 29% of the cases. Among all the immunological parameters evaluated, only the enrichment of CD8+ lymphocytes (P = 0·001) and expression of COX2 (P =0·01) were associated with recurrence. A multivariate model analysis identified CD8+ TIL/COX2 as independent risk factor for recurrence. A multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional-hazards model adjusted for the presence of concurrent chronic thyroiditis demonstrated that the presence of concurrent chronic thyroiditis had no effect on prognostic prediction mediated by CD8+ TIL and COX2. In conclusion, we suggest the use of a relatively simple pathology tool to help select cases that may benefit of a more aggressive approach sparing the majority of patients from unnecessary procedures.

Micromorphology Of The Dental Pulp Is Highly Preserved In Cancer Patients Who Underwent Head And Neck Radiotherapy.

Teeth are often included in the radiation field during head and neck radiotherapy, and recent clinical evidence suggests that dental pulp is negatively affected by the direct effects of radiation, leading to impaired sensitivity of the dental pulp. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the direct effects of radiation on the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix of the dental pulp of patients who have undergone head and neck radiotherapy. Twenty-three samples of dental pulp from patients who finished head and neck radiotherapy were analyzed. Samples were histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for morphologic evaluation of the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix. Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis of proteins related to vascularization (CD34 and smooth muscle actin), innervation (S-100, NCAM/CD56, and neurofilament), and extracellular matrix (vimentin) of the dental pulp was performed. The morphologic study identified preservation of the microvasculature, nerve bundles, and components of the extracellular matrix in all studied samples. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the morphologic findings and showed a normal pattern of expression for the studied proteins in all samples. Direct effects of radiotherapy are not able to generate morphologic changes in the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix components of the dental pulp in head and neck cancer patients.

[how The Gynecologist Can Guide Women With A Family History Of Cancer?].

36