Diferencias en las tendencias de mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal entre Bogotá y Colombia entre 1985 y 2004 : análisis edad-periodo-cohorte

El cáncer de colon y recto en Colombia se ubica como la quinta causa de mortalidad atribuible a cáncer. Se realiza un análisis de tendencias de mortalidad por cáncer colorrectal entre 1985 y 2004, utilizando un modelo estadístico de edad-periodo-cohorte. Se identificaron los certificados de defunción con registro de este diagnóstico como causa básica de muerte, en las bases de datos de defunción del DANE entre 1985 y 2004. Se agruparon las muertes por grupos de edad y por período de defunción de cinco años. Se hizo un análisis de tendencias de mortalidad utilizando un modelo estadístico de Edad – Periodo – Cohorte (EPC) Resultados. Los modelos de EDAD + COHORTE se ajustaron a la explicación del comportamiento de la mortalidad por cáncer de colon y recto en hombres tanto a nivel nacional (deviance 24,44; p 0,169 AIC 8,72) y en la ciudad de Bogotá y entre las mujeres a nivel nacional; mientras que entre las mujeres a nivel de Bogotá, el comportamiento de la mortalidad por cáncer de colorrectal es explicado únicamente por efecto de la edad (deviance 36,1; p 0,2; AIC 6,92) Discusión. El efecto que se observa más claramente es el efecto de cohorte, el cual es evidente en las cohortes de mediados del siglo XX, lo cual podría corresponder a los cambios en el estilo de vida. Se recomienda hacer estudios analíticos que expliquen de mejor forma el efecto de cohorte y aclaren el hecho de que dicho efecto no se presente entre las mujeres de Bogotá.

Regional Advisory Committee on Cancer Third Report - November 2004 (PDF 166 KB)

The Regional Advisory Committee on Cancer (RACC) was established in 1997 to carry forward the recommendations of the 1996 Campbell Report and to provide advice to the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety on the future development of cancer services. (Appendix 1) The 27 members of RACC come from the Health and Social Services Councils (which represent the interests of the public), Trusts, Boards, primary care and the Department. Members are listed in Appendix 2 RACC held its first meeting in June 1997 and has continued to meet twice a year since then. The Northern Ireland Cancer Forum was established in 1999 and is a subgroup of RACC. It was recommended that a Forum should be developed to provide meeting point for all voluntary and statutory bodies dealing with cancer in Northern Ireland. The Forum has now met on seven occasions and continues to work well with a unity of purpose. åÊ åÊ

2004 Cancer in Iowa Report, 2004

Cancer is a reportable disease as stated in the Iowa Administrative Code. Cancer data are collected by the State Health Registry of Iowa, located at The University of Iowa in the College of Public Health’s Department of Epidemiology. The staff includes more than 50 people. Half of them, situated throughout the state, regularly visit hospitals, clinics, and medical laboratories in Iowa and neighboring states to collect cancer data. In 2004 data will be collected on an estimated 15,200 new cancers among Iowa residents. A follow-up program tracks more than 97 percent of the cancer survivors diagnosed since 1973. This program provides regular updates for follow-up and survival. The Registry maintains the confidentiality of the patients, physicians, and hospitals providing data. Since 1973 the Iowa Registry has been funded by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Iowa represents rural and midwestern populations and provides data included in many NCI publications. Beginning in 1990 about 5-10 percent of the Registry’s annual operating budget has been provided by the state of Iowa. Beginning in 2003, the University of Iowa is also providing cost-sharing funds. The Registry also receives funding through grants and contracts with university, state, and national researchers investigating cancer-related topics.

Dinâmica da comunidade arbórea de uma mata de galeria do Brasil Central em um período de 19 anos (1985-2004)

A dinâmica da comunidade arbórea foi analisada, tendo como base um inventário contínuo em 64 ha da mata de galeria do Gama, na Fazenda Água Limpa, DF. O inventário consistiu de 151 parcelas permanentes (10 x 20 m) contíguas locadas em dez transectos eqüidistantes 100 m uns dos outros. Todos os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) maior ou igual a 10 cm foram mapeados nas parcelas, marcados e medidos em 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1999 e 2004. O incremento periódico anual (IPA) no período de 19 anos foi de 0,22 cm ano-1 com coeficientes de variação de 84% a 143%. O incremento em diâmetro apresentou tendência crescente com o aumento das classes de diâmetro até 52 cm de DAP, onde se concentraram aproximadamente 95% dos indivíduos em cada ocasião. A taxa média anual de mortalidade foi de 2,87%, enquanto o recrutamento foi 2,08%, resultando em um decréscimo na densidade da mata durante os 19 anos de estudo. A meia-vida foi de 24,13 anos de 1985 a 2004. A comunidade foi dinâmica com 92% de todas as espécies ou sofrendo mortalidade ou ganhando recrutas ou ambos mas, 83% das espéces ocorreram em todos os períodos analisados. Mortalidade e recrutamento foram elevados, levando a alta rotatividade, típica de ambientes sob intenso efeito de borda como as matas de galeria que são estreitas faixas de floresta tropical, circundadas por savanas. Estes resultados sugerem uma comunidade muito dinâmica mas, estável.

Bases políticas das transferências intergovernamentais no Brasil (1985-2004)

The politics of intergovernmental transfers in Brazil. This article examines the political economy of public resources distribution in Brazil's federal system in 1985-2004. We propose an empirical exercise to analyze how the country's federal governments deal with the tradeoff between the provision of material wellbeing to sub-national governments (the states in our study) and the pursuit of political support from the latter. To identify the determinants of the transfer of resources from the federal government to the states, a set of economic, political, and institutional variables is econometrically tested. Based upon instrumental variables estimation for panel-data models, our estimates indicate that in Brazil the pursuit of political goals prevails over social equity and economic efficiency criteria: higher levels of per capita transfers are associated with the political makeup of governing coalitions, while larger investments in infrastructure and development by the states are associated with a lower amount of per capita resources transferred to sub-national governments. Our findings also suggest a trend toward the freezing of interregional inequalities in Brazil, and show the relevance of fiscal discipline laws in discouraging the use of the administrative apparatus for electioneering.

Dificultades y logros, de la aplicación de la convención de Ottawa sobre la prohibición del empleo, almacenamiento, producción y transferencia de minas antipersonales y sobre su destrucción, en Colombia. Análisis del caso comparativo Colombia – Angola, 1999 – 2004

Esta monografía intenta explicar cuáles son los logros y cuales las dificultades de la aplicación del convenio de Ottawa a partir de comparar su caso con el de Angola con quien comparte semejanzas.

Repensando o lugar no projeto urbano. Variações na percepção de lugar na virada do milênio (1985-2004)

O conceito de lugar é tradicionalmente associado às ações projetuais da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, embora o interesse pelo tema tenha experimentado uma diminuição a partir de meados do século XX. Por outro lado, entre o final do século XX e início do XXI, consolidou-se uma nova prática no campo projetual de lugar: o surgimento de lugares criados sob configurações novas - como parques temáticos, shopping malls, áreas históricas refuncionalizadas - reinstaurando o interesse pelo tópico. A Tese os denomina de “lugares da clonagem”, entendendo que são tentativas de replicar as características dos espaços nos quais se reconhece a manifestação do fenômeno da urbanidade - espaços percebidos como “lugares da urbanidade”. Os lugares da clonagem podem derivar de projetos que buscam identificar os estímulos ambientais responsáveis pela atribuição de urbanidade. A Tese defende que os projetos assim elaborados trazem efeitos favoráveis à qualificação das cidades contemporâneas, apoiando-se na hipótese de que os novos espaços tornar-se-ão percebidos como legítimos lugares para a sociedade contemporânea. Para sua demonstração, o trabalho inicialmente enuncia seus próprios termos de referência em relação a lugar, no capítulo intitulado “Apresentação do lugar”. Para poder avançar num tema que diariamente se renova, o capítulo “Conceituação de lugar” efetua uma revisão das bases conceituais de lugar em diferentes disciplinas, de modo a investigar o que podem acrescentar à modernização do conceito. Concentra seu foco seletivamente nas disciplinas mais relacionadas com as áreas projetuais, e em contribuições ainda em debate, ou menos divulgadas na literatura brasileira. O capítulo seguinte, “Investigação e Projetação de lugar”, imerge em antecedentes empíricos de pesquisas e de exemplares construídos, de modo a elaborar novas conjecturas teóricas e teóricopráticas. As variações que podem decorrer das tentativas de clonar a urbanidade são debatidas em “Variação na percepção de lugar”, que especula sobre as qualificações eventualmente atribuídas pelos lugares da clonagem ao ambiente urbanizado. O trabalho prossegue trazendo uma “Ilustração de lugares em cidades gaúchas”, apresentando em seqüência, a Usina do Gasômetro, em Porto Alegre; lugares da Serra Gaúcha, especialmente nas cidades da Região das Hortênsias e em Serafina Corrêa; e regressa a Porto Alegre, para examinar os projetos do DC-Navegantes e do Aeroporto Salgado Filho. Em “A lição dos lugares da clonagem” são emitidas as conclusões das ponderações, voltadas intencionalmente na direção de levantar uma dúvida razoável quanto à qualidade dos lugares inventados e sua pertinência nos contextos urbanos em que vivemos, para assim tentar encurtar a distância que, com apressado maniqueísmo, separa o lugar acreditado como “autêntico”, do lugar desmerecido como “inventado”.

Private internal debt in Colombia, 1970-1985

Includes bibliography

El endeudamiento privado interno en Colombia, 1970-1985

Incluye Bibliografía

Recesión, crisis y ajuste en Colombia, 1980-1985: costos y perspectivas

Incluye Bibliografía

El endeudamiento privado interno en Colombia, 1970-1985

Incluye Bibliografía

Monitoring the decreasing trend of testicular cancer mortality in Spain during 2005-2019 through a Bayesian approach

Purpose : To assess time trends of testicular cancer (TC) mortality in Spain for period 1985-2019 for age groups 15-74 years old through a Bayesian age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Methods: A Bayesian age-drift model has been fitted to describe trends. Projections for 2005-2019 have been calculated by means of an autoregressive APC model. Prior precision for these parameters has been selected through evaluation of an adaptive precision parameter and 95% credible intervals (95% CRI) have been obtained for each model parameter. Results: A decrease of -2.41% (95% CRI: -3.65%; -1.13%) per year has been found for TC mortality rates in age groups 15-74 during 1985-2004, whereas mortality showed a lower annual decrease when data was restricted to age groups 15-54 (-1.18%; 95% CRI: -2.60%; -0.31%). During 2005-2019 is expected a decrease of TC mortality of 2.30% per year for men younger than 35, whereas a leveling off for TC mortality rates is expected for men older than 35. Conclusions: A Bayesian approach should be recommended to describe and project time trends for those diseases with low number of cases. Through this model it has been assessed that management of TC and advances in therapy led to decreasing trend of TC mortality during the period 1985-2004, whereas a leveling off for these trends can be considered during 2005-2019 among men older than 35.

Monitoring the decreasing trend of testicular cancer mortality in Spain during 2005-2019 through a Bayesian approach

Purpose : To assess time trends of testicular cancer (TC) mortality in Spain for period 1985-2019 for age groups 15-74 years old through a Bayesian age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Methods: A Bayesian age-drift model has been fitted to describe trends. Projections for 2005-2019 have been calculated by means of an autoregressive APC model. Prior precision for these parameters has been selected through evaluation of an adaptive precision parameter and 95% credible intervals (95% CRI) have been obtained for each model parameter. Results: A decrease of -2.41% (95% CRI: -3.65%; -1.13%) per year has been found for TC mortality rates in age groups 15-74 during 1985-2004, whereas mortality showed a lower annual decrease when data was restricted to age groups 15-54 (-1.18%; 95% CRI: -2.60%; -0.31%). During 2005-2019 is expected a decrease of TC mortality of 2.30% per year for men younger than 35, whereas a leveling off for TC mortality rates is expected for men older than 35. Conclusions: A Bayesian approach should be recommended to describe and project time trends for those diseases with low number of cases. Through this model it has been assessed that management of TC and advances in therapy led to decreasing trend of TC mortality during the period 1985-2004, whereas a leveling off for these trends can be considered during 2005-2019 among men older than 35.

Monitoring the decreasing trend of testicular cancer mortality in Spain during 2005-2019 through a Bayesian approach

Purpose : To assess time trends of testicular cancer (TC) mortality in Spain for period 1985-2019 for age groups 15-74 years old through a Bayesian age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Methods: A Bayesian age-drift model has been fitted to describe trends. Projections for 2005-2019 have been calculated by means of an autoregressive APC model. Prior precision for these parameters has been selected through evaluation of an adaptive precision parameter and 95% credible intervals (95% CRI) have been obtained for each model parameter. Results: A decrease of -2.41% (95% CRI: -3.65%; -1.13%) per year has been found for TC mortality rates in age groups 15-74 during 1985-2004, whereas mortality showed a lower annual decrease when data was restricted to age groups 15-54 (-1.18%; 95% CRI: -2.60%; -0.31%). During 2005-2019 is expected a decrease of TC mortality of 2.30% per year for men younger than 35, whereas a leveling off for TC mortality rates is expected for men older than 35. Conclusions: A Bayesian approach should be recommended to describe and project time trends for those diseases with low number of cases. Through this model it has been assessed that management of TC and advances in therapy led to decreasing trend of TC mortality during the period 1985-2004, whereas a leveling off for these trends can be considered during 2005-2019 among men older than 35.

Monitoring the decreasing trend of testicular cancer mortality in Spain during 2005-2019 through a Bayesian approach

Purpose : To assess time trends of testicular cancer (TC) mortality in Spain for period 1985-2019 for age groups 15-74 years old through a Bayesian age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Methods: A Bayesian age-drift model has been fitted to describe trends. Projections for 2005-2019 have been calculated by means of an autoregressive APC model. Prior precision for these parameters has been selected through evaluation of an adaptive precision parameter and 95% credible intervals (95% CRI) have been obtained for each model parameter. Results: A decrease of -2.41% (95% CRI: -3.65%; -1.13%) per year has been found for TC mortality rates in age groups 15-74 during 1985-2004, whereas mortality showed a lower annual decrease when data was restricted to age groups 15-54 (-1.18%; 95% CRI: -2.60%; -0.31%). During 2005-2019 is expected a decrease of TC mortality of 2.30% per year for men younger than 35, whereas a leveling off for TC mortality rates is expected for men older than 35. Conclusions: A Bayesian approach should be recommended to describe and project time trends for those diseases with low number of cases. Through this model it has been assessed that management of TC and advances in therapy led to decreasing trend of TC mortality during the period 1985-2004, whereas a leveling off for these trends can be considered during 2005-2019 among men older than 35.