941 resultados para CAMELLIA-SINENSIS


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A popularidade do chá preto (Camellia sinensis) mundialmente é indiscutível, principalmente por ser considerado como uma importante fonte de cafeína. No entanto a composição final da infusão consumida está fortemente associada ao seu modo de preparo. Neste estudo realizado com chá preto Pekoe (Gorreana®, Açores, Portugal), quantificou-se o teor de cafeína em infusões de chá preparadas de diferentes formas através de cromatografia gasosa. Além disso, foi desenvolvida uma nova técnica de extração da cafeína a partir de infusões liofilizadas. As infusões com folhas de chá preto foram preparadas com a proporção folhas/água sugerida na embalagem (3 g de folhas de chá em 50 ml de água). Na preparação destas infusões foram utilizadas duas extrações consecutivas das folhas de chá preto em diferentes tempos de infusão (1, 3, 5 ou 20 minutos). As infusões obtidas a partir primeira extração das folhas de chá preto foram analisadas através cromatografia gasosa e as seguintes quantidades de cafeína estavam presentes: 2,60 mg, 2,98 mg, 3,14 mg e 54,32 mg, para os tempos de infusão de 1, 3, 5 e 20 minutos, respectivamente. Para a segunda extração das folhas de chá foram quantificados os seguintes valores de cafeína (mg / 3 g de folhas): 0,52 mg, 0,10 mg, 0,14 mg e 0,20 mg para os tempos de infusão de 1, 3, 5 e 20 minutos respectivamente. As diferenças entre os resultados demonstram que a diferença mais expressiva de teor de cafeína nas infusões se observa entre amostras obtidas de extrações sucessivas. A diferença do tempo de extração tem um impacto bastante inferior devido à elevada solubilidade da cafeína em água quente. A aplicação de um teste de análise sensorial apresentou a opinião do consumidor sobre as infusões de chá analisadas, demonstrando a preferência e superioridade das amostras obtidas através da 1ª extração da folha de chá em relação aos atributos avaliados. Esta informação pode ser bastante relevante para o consumidor, pois permitirá com base na técnica de preparação do chá, e por um processo simples, ajustar o conteúdo de cafeína.

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FUNDAMENTO: Estudos epidemiológicos estabeleceram uma associação entre dislipidemias e aterosclerose. A terapia nutricional é um ponto central da estratégia preventiva em indivíduos que apresentam fatores de risco para doença aterosclerótica. OBJETIVOS: Investigar os efeitos do chá verde (Camellia sinensis) em pacientes portadores de dislipidemias. MÉTODOS: O estudo envolveu 33 pacientes, com idade entre 21 e 71 anos, que consumiam uma dieta com baixo teor de gorduras (25% a 35% das calorias totais e 200 mg de colesterol por dia). Foram randomizados para dois tratamentos sequenciais: cápsulas contendo 250 mg de extrato seco do chá verde ou placebo, administradas por um período total de 16 semanas, tendo cada paciente utilizado chá verde (Camellia sinensis) por oito semanas e placebo em igual período. RESULTADOS: Os valores lipídicos basais (mg/dl) foram os seguintes: HDL-colesterol 60,7 ± 7,3; colesterol total 255 ± 30,9; LDL-colesterol 158,8 ± 29,0; triglicerídeos 169,0 ± 61,3 e Apo-B 120,2 ± 18,9. As variações lipídicas médias, provocadas pelo uso do chá verde (Camellia sinensis), mostraram uma redução de 3,9 % (p = 0,006) nas concentrações do colesterol total e uma redução de 4,5 % (p = 0,026) do LDL-colesterol. A ingestão de chá verde não influenciou significativamente os níveis de HDL-colesterol, dos triglicerídeos e do Apo-B. Resultados não significativos foram observados na avaliação dos lipídeos sanguíneos (colesterol total e LDL-colesterol) com o uso do placebo. CONCLUSÃO: Foi demonstrado o efeito benéfico do chá verde (Camellia sinensis), que reduziu significativamente, em oito semanas, os níveis de colesterol total e LDL-colesterol nesse grupo de pacientes.

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The aim of this work was to study the influence of green tea consumption on fluoride ingestion. The extraction conditions of fluorides from green tea infusions were defined and nine brands of green tea available in Portugal were analyzed. The quantification of fluorides in the green tea was preceded by the implementation and validation of the potentiometric method (commercial fluoride selective electrode). The concentration of fluorides in the samples ranged from 0. 8 to 2. 0 mg L-1.

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O fungo Ceratobasidium spp. é o agente causal da doença mal-do-fio ou queima-do-fio em várias plantas frutíferas, em cafeeiro e em chá. Esta doença ocorre com maior freqüência em zonas de alta precipitação e temperaturas elevadas, típicas de regiões de florestas tropicais como a Amazônica e a Mata Atlântica. Em São Paulo, o primeiro relato do mal-do-fio em caquizeiro ocorreu na região de Mogi das Cruzes. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a patogenicidade cruzada de isolados de Ceratobasidium spp. de caquizeiro e chá para ambas as culturas e também para o cafeeiro e citros. Avaliou-se, também, a reação de oito cultivares de caquizeiro, sob condições controladas, a isolados de Ceratobasidium spp. obtidos da mesma cultura. Constatou-se que os isolados de caquizeiro e de chá, embora filogeneticamente distintos, foram patogênicos para ambas as culturas, além de afetarem cafeeiro e citros. Não foram verificados indícios de reação de resistência aos isolados de Ceratobasidium spp. para as oito cultivares de caquizeiro testadas.

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Os estudos do chá verde brasileiro (Camellia sinensis var assamica) ainda são escassos quando comparados aos realizados com chás verdes produzidos em outros países. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos do tempo de infusão, forma de acondicionamento da erva (a granel ou em sachês) e forma de preparo da bebida na extração dos biativos do chá verde brasileiro e na estabilidade da bebida obtida. Foram avaliados os parâmetros sólidos solúveis e compostos fenólicos extraídos, bem como as propriedades antioxidantes da bebida pelo método DPPH (radicais 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil). Os dados obtidos evidenciam que o uso da erva a granel sob agitação e tempo de infusão de 5 minutos foi a condição mais propícia para a extração dos bioativos do chá verde. Aumentando-se o volume de preparação da bebida sem alteração da razão erva:água, aumentou-se a eficiência da extração dos bioativos, devido ao fato de que o resfriamento de volumes maiores é mais demorado que o resfriamento de volumes menores. As bebidas obtidas foram estáveis por 24 horas em temperatura ambiente e em geladeira, visto não terem sido detectadas redução das propriedades antioxidantes e variações significativas dos seus principais bioativos epigalocatequina galato, epicatequina, catequina e cafeína.

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This study aimed to quantify the levels of catechins and caffeine in various forms of presentation of green tea: infusion tea bags, extract, and ready-to-drink beverage and, based on their content, identify the most suitable for consumption. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analytical method was used for the quantification of catechins and caffeine. The tea bags had the highest concentration of total catechins with 5 to 9.5% followed by the extract with 3.64 to 4.88%, and ready-to-drink green tea beverage showed low levels of catechins, from 0.14 to 0.26%. As for caffeine content, green tea extract had higher concentration (1.96 to 3.54%) compared to the tea bags (1.39 to 1.57%). Tea bags were found the most suitable for consumption because it contains higher amounts of catechins and smaller amounts of caffeine.

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White tea is an unfermented tea made from young shoots of Camellia sinensis protected from sunlight to avoid polyphenol degradation. Although its levels of catechins are higher than those of green tea (derived from the same plant), there are no studies addressing the relationship between this tea and obesity associated with oxidative stress.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of white tea on obesity and its complications using a diet induced obesity model. Forty male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity (Obese group) or the same diet supplemented with 0.5% white tea extract (Obese + WTE) for 8 weeks. Adipose tissue, serum lipid profile, and oxidative stress were studied. White tea supplementation was not able to reduce food intake, body weight, or visceral adiposity. Similarly, there were no changes in cholesterol rich lipoprotein profile between the groups. A reduction in blood triacylglycerols associated with increased cecal lipids was observed in the group fed the diet supplemented with white tea. White tea supplementation also reduced oxidative stress in liver and adipose tissue. In conclusion, white tea extract supplementation (0.5%) does not influence body weight or adiposity in obese mice. Its benefits are restricted to the reduction in oxidative stress associated with obesity and improvement of hypertriacylglycerolemia.

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A field experiment was conducted in the low country of Sri Lanka, during the period 1994–1995 to investigate the severity of weed infestation and tea growth in relation to weed management methods in newly established tea (Camellia sinensis[L.] Kuntze). Manual weeding (hand and slash weeding) at various intervals was compared with various herbicides, with or without mulching. Weed control with herbicides was superior to that of hand weeding at 6-week intervals or more. Weed control with oxyfluorfen at 0.29 kg ai ha−1 + paraquat at 0.17 kg ai ha−1 or glyphosate at 0.99 kg ai ha−1 + kaolin at 3.42 kg ha−1 were superior. Plots unweeded for 12 weeks or more produced significantly greater (P < 0.05) weed biomass than plots unweeded for 6 weeks. Although the least weed dry weight (P < 0.05) and the greatest number of weed species were recorded with hand weeding at 2 week intervals, there was no particular benefit on tea growth when compared with hand weeding at 6 and 12 week intervals. Inter row mulching in chemically treated plots was more favorable for tea growth than no mulching, while living weed cover in unmulched slash weeded plots suppressed tea growth. A combination of mulching and herbicides, particularly oxyfluorfen and paraquat, followed by hand weeding at least every 6–8 weeks was considered the most appropriate weed management system for young tea.

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The health benefits of green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins are becoming increasingly recognised. Amongst the proposed benefits are the maintenance of endothelial function and vascular homeostasis and an associated reduction in atherogenesis and CVD risk. The mounting evidence for the influential effect of green tea catechins on vascular function from epidemiological, human intervention and animal studies is subject to review together with exploration of the potential mechanistic pathways involved. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, one of the most abundant and widely studied catechin found in green tea, will be prominent in the present review. Since there is a substantial inconsistency in the published data with regards to the impact of green tea catechins on vascular function, evaluation and interpretation of the inter- and intra-study variability is included. In conclusion, a positive effect of green tea catechins on vascular function is becoming apparent. Further studies in animal and cell models using physiological concentrations of catechins and their metabolites are warranted in order to gain some insight into the physiology and molecular basis of the observed beneficial effects.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of mouthwashes containing Calendula officinalis L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate on the adherence of microorganisms to suture materials after extraction of unerupted third molars. Material and Methods: Eighteen patients with unerupted maxillary third molars indicated for extraction were selected (n=6 per mouthwash). First, the patients were subjected to extraction of the left tooth and instructed not to use any type of antiseptic solution at the site of surgery (control group). After 15 days, the right tooth was extracted and the patients were instructed to use the Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis or chlorhexidine mouthwash during 1 week (experimental group). For each surgery, the sutures were removed on postoperative day 7 and placed in sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto different culture media for the growth of the following microorganisms: blood agar for total microorganism growth; Mitis Salivarius bacitracin sucrose agar for mutans group streptococci; mannitol agar for Staphylococcus spp.; MacConkey agar for enterobacteria and Pseudomonas spp., and Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol for Candida spp. The plates were incubated during 24-48 h at 37 degrees C for microorganism count (CFU/nnL). Results: The three mouthwashes tested reduced the number of microorganisms adhered to the sutures compared to the control group. However, significant differences between the control and experimental groups were only observed for the mouthwash containing 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. Conclusions: Calendula officinalis L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze presented antimicrobial activity against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures but were not as efficient as chlorhexidine digluconate.

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Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) are the gases mainly responsible for halitosis (bad breath). The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants on halitosis control. Two commonly used plants were tested: Curcuma zedoaria and Camellia sinensis (green tea). These plants were prepared as an aqueous solution and used as mouthwashes, compared with a standard mouthwash of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate and a placebo (water). The experiment was conducted with 30 volunteers from the School of Dentistry of Sao Jose dos Campos, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, SP, Brazil. Each volunteer tested the four mouthwashes. The Cysteine Challenge Method, modified for this study, was used for initial breath standardization. Four breath assessments were conducted after volunteers rinsed orally with acetylcysteine: one before the test mouthwash was used; the second, one minute after its use; a third 90 minutes later; and the last 180 minutes later. The results showed that chlorhexidine gluconate lowered VSC production immediately, and that this effect lasted up to 3 hours, while the tested plants had immediate inhibitory effects but no residual inhibitory effects on VSC. We concluded that Curcuma zedoaria and Camellia sinensis, prepared as infusions and used as mouthwashes, did not have a residual neutralizing effect on VSC.