Soluciones estéticas para caries del biberón

El síndrome de caries del biberón se caracteriza por presentar múltiples superficies infiltradas por caries y seguir una evolución rápida, hallándose afectados de forma preferente los cuatro incisivos superiores. El mantenimiento de los incisivos temporales es aconsejable siempre que sea posible para el desarrollo correcto de la erupción, de la función muscular y por razones estéticas. Pero su reconstrucción presenta díficultades debido a sus peculiaridades anatómicas y a la gran destrucción coronaria que suelen mostrar. Se presentan varias soluciones para la restauración de los incisivos deciduos afectados.

Prevalencia de caries y estado periodontal de los niÑos y adolescentes de Navarra (2002)

Introducción (fundamento y objetivo): En Navarra se realiza un seguimiento epidemiológico de la caries dental y su tratamiento desde el año 1987, antes de la puesta en marcha del programa PADI en 1991. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido conocer el estado de salud dental y periodontal de la población infantil y adolescente de Navarra en 2002. Método: Encuesta epidemiológica sobre una muestra al azar de escolares de 1º, 3º y 6º de Enseñanza Primaria y 2º ESO, de 1566 sujetos. Los exámenes clínicos fueron realizados por examinadores calibrados (Kappa 0,93) en los colegios utilizando equipamiento portátil. El estudio estadístico se realizó con una base de datos Microsoft Acces, con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 10 para Windows. Resultados: La prevalencia de caries en dentición temporal a los 6 años fue de 35,4% (cod 1,28) y en permanente a los 14 años 50,7%. La media CAOD en los cuatro grupos etarios fue 0,04; 0,27; 0,75 y 1,36 respectivamente. Los índices de restauración (IR) 16,7%, 48,1%, 77,3% y 78,7%. El estado periodontal, sanos (6 sext. ) 9,1%, sangrado 86,3%, cálculo 17,2%. Conclusión: La prevalencia de caries sigue siendo alta pero la media de dientes afectados baja; la tendencia respecto de 1997 es a aumentar en dentición temporal y a disminuir en permanente.

Study of the effect of oral health on physical condition of professional soccer players of the Football Club Barcelona

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of professional soccer players of F.C. Barcelona and its relation to the incidence of sport lesions. Methods: Thirty professional soccer players were consecutively evaluated in the seasons 2003/4, 2004/5 and 2005/6. A research protocol to assess their oral health was developed. DMFT, Quigley & Hein plaque index (PI), Löe & Silness gingival index (GI), World Health Organization malocclusion index, Ramfjord teeth probing pocket depth (PPD), TMJ examination and history of dental trauma were recorded. All physical injuries sustained by players during the season were documented from F.C. Barcelona medical services. Results: Mean DMFT score was 5.7 (SD 4.1), Quigley & Hein plaque index score was 2.3 (SD 1.1), Löe & Silness gingival index was 1.1 (SD 0.8), and periodontal pocket depth was 1.9 mm (SD 0.3). Pearson"s analysis showed a significant correlation between PI and GI (p<0.01). Nine players (30%) presented bruxism - the same proportion of those with severe malocclusion. Seven (23.3%) players had suffered uncomplicated crown fractures. The mean incidence of physical injuries was 8 (SD 3.4) per player. PI and PPD showed a statistically significant correlation to muscle injuries (p<0.05). Conclusions: Soccer players, despite intensive medical follow-up, have significant oral health problems such as untreated caries, gingivitis or malocclusion, and suffer dental trauma as a result of sports activities. Their physical condition could also be associated to oral health

La caries del biberón. Qué es y cómo prevenirla

La caries del biberón es la aparición brusca de caries en los incisivos y molares temporales, relacionadas con el hábito de succionar el chupete o el biberón, impregnados de sustancias cariogénicas. Afecta a los niños en las primeras etapas de la vida. Los dientes de leche son fundamentales para diferentes funciones como la masticación y el habla. Este trabajo revisa cuáles son sus causas más comunes y las medidas preventivas más indicadas.

Acondicionamiento de cavidades terapéuticas

La aparición de materiales nuevos obliga a replantearse la preparación del sustrato dental para recibir el material de obturaión. El objetivo de estudio fue analizar la situación actual en lo referente al acondicionamiento de cavidades en operatoria dental previa a la obturación. Para ello se ha revisado la literatura más moderna en tres aspectos: la tinción de la caries, desinfección y la protección del complejo pulpodentinario. Después del estudio del tema llegamos a la conclusión que la dentina ha de ser conservada al máximo conservada al máximo evitando eliminarla de forma innecesaria, la desinfección de la cavidad es fundamental para evitar problemas postoperatorios y la protección del complejo pulpo-dentinario se hace imprescindible independientemente del material de obturación aunque la tendencia actual es seguir utilizando para ello adhesivos dentinarios.

Fluosilicato de zinco na prevenção de cárie dental em ratos

O propósito desta pesquisa foi verificar uma possível ação sinérgica entre flúor e zinco na incidência da cárie dental. O estudo compreendeu três grupos de ratos que receberam soluções de: a) fluoreto de sódio (1 ppm) ; b) fluosilicato de zinco; c) e água, respectivamente. Todos os grupos, com ratos machos e fêmeas, eram divididos em subgrupos de acôrdo com a dieta - cariogênica e não cariogênica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, concluíndo-se o seguinte: I) O grupo que recebeu fluosilicato de zinco apresentou menor número de cáries do que o do fluoreto de sódio, mas a diferença não foi estatìsticamente significante, sendo, porém, significante entre êstes dois grupos e o da água. II) Os ratos que receberam o fluosilicato de zinco ou o fluoreto de sódio, mostraram nível mais elevado de flúor nas cinzas dos ossos, mas a diferença entre os dois grupos não foi estatìsticamente significante, III) Notou-se também que apresentavam similar desmineralização óssea.

Efetividade do uso tópico de fluoreto e da escovação no controle de cáries produzidas "in vivo"

The objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the toothbrushing with and without fluoride and the daily fluoride rinse (NaF 0.05%) on produced white spot, in vivo. This was a clinical study, controlled, randomized and triple blind. Thirty patients were selected for orthodontics reasons from Orthodontics Specialization Course at the Brazilian Dental Association - Section of Rio Grande do Norte. In this study it was used 4 bicuspid upper and lower. They had orthodontic reason for extractions, in 35 days, at least. The sample had one hundred and twenty teeth that received orthodontic bands. The bands were fixed with polycarboxylate cement, and there was a space standardized between bands and one surface of teeth. The four bicuspid of each patients were randomized and nominated as A, B, C and D. These nominations determinated the sequence of the extractions and what was done in each tooth. All the patients had been submitted to the toothbrushing with or without fluoride for 35 days. After this period, the A tooth of each patient was extracted to serve as control. The others teeth (B, C and D) were extracted one by each week. The entire sample was analyzed through the clinical examination and by laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent®) in three different times: before orthodontic bands, 28 days after fixed and then removed the bands and, the last one, 07 days after one of the three treatments (toothbrushing with or without fluoride, tooth paste with fluoride and mouth rinse with fluoride). At the beginning all groups (A, B, C and D) had the same conditions, no significant difference was found. The same situation was found in a clinical examination. The results of the DIAGNOdent® for the groups that used tooth paste without fluoride, with fluoride and mouth rinse with fluoride, after 28 days, there was no significant difference. Clinically, the white spot was formed in all teeth after 28 days. When it was compared the three treated groups, the group without fluoride in tooth paste had worst result than the others groups. But there was no significant association between the number of active and inactive white spots and the type of treatment that the teeth had received. The demineralization of the enamel surface, under the orthodontic bands, it happened in a few weeks. The exposition of the white spots in oral environmental resulted in an improvement, but it was not enough to return to the values from the base line, either for the toothbrushing and/or the use of fluorite mouth rinse. Mouth rinse and toothpaste with fluoride have showed to reduce the incidence of demineralization in the enamel, but none seems to be superior to another one in an in vivo study

Avaliação de lesões brancas de cáries: um estudo de prognóstico

Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the current situation of white enamel lesions on vestibular surfaces of permanent upper incisors, diagnosed 6 years ago, without clinical intervention. Methods: A prospective study reassessed 53 students of both sexes, aged between 13 and 18 years old, all attending the public school system in Natal, Brazil. Data collection was performed by duly calibrated examiners, and a clinical chart consisting of demographic data on dental caries, oral hygiene, and gingival condition was prepared. A tactile-visual examination was conducted using a clinical mirror and periodontal probe. Data compilation and analysis were carried out using a SPSS software. In this analysis the chi-squared test was used for qualitative independent variables. To identify the net effect of treatment, multiple logistic analysis with forward stepwise model selection was performed. Results: The final sample was composed of 106 lesions in the 53 individuals, with mean age of 15.02 years, visible plaque index (VPI) of 23.34%, and gingival blood indices (GBI) of 25.92%. A statistically significant relationship (p = 0.003) was found between initial DMFS and prognosis of white enamel lesion. Conclusions: We observed that past caries experience and dental plaque were the main predictive factors for negative lesion outcomes, demonstrating the need for oral hygiene control through continuing preventive measures

Efeito da prática de alimentação infantil e de fatores associados sobre a ocorrência da cárie dental em pré-escolares de 18 a 48 meses

Este estudo foi realizado objetivando estudar o efeito das práticas de alimentação infantil e de fatores associados sobre a ocorrência de cárie dental. Para isso, determinou-se o ceo-d e o ceo-s em 156 crianças de 18 a 48 meses e foi aplicado às mães um questionário incluindo perguntas sobre a ocupação do pai, nível educacional da mãe, higiene bucal, época de erupção do dente e sobre práticas de alimentação infantil. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através dos testes X2 e Mann-Whitney U. A média do ceo-s foi 3,4 com 40% das crianças livres de cáries, sendo que 36 e 24% tinham um ceo-d maior que 0 e 4, respectivamente. Notou-se que 72% das crianças eram alimentadas ao seio, 17% apenas com mamadeira e 10% pelos dois meios. Das crianças alimentadas apenas com mamadeira 70% apresentaram cárie. A cárie de mamadeira foi observada em 20% das crianças, sendo que 77% destas tinham sido alimentadas por mais de 12 meses. As crianças, cujos pais eram profissionais com terceiro grau de escolaridade, tiveram significativamente menos cárie do que aquelas de pais com nível técnico ou pais operários. A prevalência de cárie na faixa etária estudada foi relativamente alta. As crianças com cárie de mamadeira tenderam a manter seus hábitos de aleitamento por mais de 12 meses, sendo que o uso de mamadeira açucarada estava presente em 100% dos casos.

Epidemiology of fluorosis and dental caries according to different types of water supplies

O objetivo do presente artigo é investigar a relação fluorose/cáries em escolas, de acordo com o nível de fluoreto no abastecimento público de água. A amostra consistiu em 360 alunos de doze anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, que frequentam as escolas próximas da região em que nasceram. As escolas foram classificadas em três grupos de acordo com a presença de fluoreto no abastecimento de água: 1) fluoretação na Estação de Tratamento de Água (ETA); 2) fluoretação direta em poços; e 3) áreas não fluoretadas (ANF). Os testes deχe de Goodman (significância = 5%) foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre a origem da água e o grau de fluorose. Os resultados mais predominantes foram presença de cáries em toda a amostra (P<0,05); ausência de fluorose em ambos gêneros, para indivíduos brancos e aqueles vivendo em áreas abastecidas com água fluoretada diretamente de poços e não fluoretadas (P<0,05). Não houve diferença no grau de severidade da fluorose entre as fontes de abastecimento de água (P>0,05). As cáries ainda são uma importante questão nessa população, apesar do estabelecimento de medida preventiva. A observação da fluorose em alunos vivendo em áreas não fluoretadas confirma a presença de outras fontes de fluorose.

Resistência à cárie de esmalte dental irradiado por lasers de Er:YAG e Nd:YAG, avaliada através da morfologia e proporção Ca/P

Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR

Efeito de leites fermentados contendo probióticos sobre o esmalte bovino e no biofilme dental formado in situ

Pós-graduação em Ciência Odontólogica - FOA

Avaliação da performance da inspeção visual, sondagem, radiografia interproximal, separação dental e laser de fluorescência no diagnóstico de lesões cariosas proximais

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Different Methods Of Microabrasion And Polishing On Surface Roughness Of Dental Enamel.

The microabrasion technique of enamel consists of selectively abrading the discolored areas or causing superficial structural changes in a selective way. In microabrasion technique, abrasive products associated with acids are used, and the evaluation of enamel roughness after this treatment, as well as surface polishing, is necessary. This in-vitro study evaluated the enamel roughness after microabrasion, followed by different polishing techniques. Roughness analyses were performed before microabrasion (L1), after microabrasion (L2), and after polishing (L3).Thus, 60 bovine incisive teeth divided into two groups were selected (n=30): G1- 37% phosphoric acid (37%) (Dentsply) and pumice; G2- hydrochloric acid (6.6%) associated with silicon carbide (Opalustre - Ultradent). Thereafter, the groups were divided into three sub-groups (n=10), according to the system of polishing: A - Fine and superfine granulation aluminum oxide discs (SofLex 3M); B - Diamond Paste (FGM) associated with felt discs (FGM); C - Silicone tips (Enhance - Dentsply). A PROC MIXED procedure was applied after data exploratory analysis, as well as the Tukey-Kramer test (5%). No statistical differences were found between G1 and G2 groups. L2 differed statistically from L1 and showed superior amounts of roughness. Differences in the amounts of post-polishing roughness for specific groups (1A, 2B, and 1C) arose, which demonstrated less roughness in L3 and differed statistically from L2 in the polishing system. All products increased enamel roughness, and the effectiveness of the polishing systems was dependent upon the abrasive used.

Micromorphology Of The Dental Pulp Is Highly Preserved In Cancer Patients Who Underwent Head And Neck Radiotherapy.

Teeth are often included in the radiation field during head and neck radiotherapy, and recent clinical evidence suggests that dental pulp is negatively affected by the direct effects of radiation, leading to impaired sensitivity of the dental pulp. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the direct effects of radiation on the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix of the dental pulp of patients who have undergone head and neck radiotherapy. Twenty-three samples of dental pulp from patients who finished head and neck radiotherapy were analyzed. Samples were histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for morphologic evaluation of the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix. Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis of proteins related to vascularization (CD34 and smooth muscle actin), innervation (S-100, NCAM/CD56, and neurofilament), and extracellular matrix (vimentin) of the dental pulp was performed. The morphologic study identified preservation of the microvasculature, nerve bundles, and components of the extracellular matrix in all studied samples. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the morphologic findings and showed a normal pattern of expression for the studied proteins in all samples. Direct effects of radiotherapy are not able to generate morphologic changes in the microvasculature, innervation, and extracellular matrix components of the dental pulp in head and neck cancer patients.