Chemical composition of Fe-Mn nodules and crusts from oceans and seas

Fluorine concentrations were determined ionometrically with an error of 0.02% in iron-manganese materials of the ocean. They were: 0.02-0.04% in ocean iron-manganese nodules, with the exception of two specimens (0.08% and 0.20% F); up to 0.02% in iron-manganese nodules of seas; 0.02-1.17% in ore crusts from ocean seamounts; and 0.02% in ore sediments of the Red Sea. Elevated fluorine content of ore crusts is associated with presence of calcium phosphate inclusions in them. Fluorine is not accumulated during iron-manganese nodule mineralization. Its average concentration in the nodules is half that in host deep-sea sediments.

Sulfur in oceans and seas

The book summarizes results of long-term studies of sulfur geochemistry in bottom sediments of seas and oceans. Processes of hydrogen sulfide formation in bacterial reduction of sulfates, its transformation into transient and stable compounds of reduced sulfur in liquid and solid phases of sediments are under consideration. Regularities of distribution of sulfate and reduced sulfur in ocean sediments are shown. Problems of sulfur budget in the modern oceans are discussed.

Bioprospecção química da esponja callyspongia vaginalis (Callyspongiidae)

Recently, marine organisms have attracted attention because of the complexity and potent biological activity from your secondary metabolites. Our planet has 80% it surface covered by oceans and seas, therefore, housing a wide number of different forms of life, among them, the sponges. These sessile and filtrating animals, according to numerous researches, come showing like true chemistry factories. The substances from these animals, sometimes show as news targets to therapeutics agents, and some countries has already use them for treatment of some diseases. Further of the secondary metabolites, the polysaccharides of marine origin also have been target of studies, because the presence of the sulfates groups in its molecules. Polysaccharides with differents biological activities have been related in a large number of researches. Actually, many studies show the sponges as source of promising medicine. These studies inspire new researches, because the few number of sponges species studied until now. Because of that, the present work shows the chemistry prospection of the sponge Callyspongia vaginalis. Chromatographic methods in silica gel allowed the isolations of two secondary metabolites: the known β- sitosterol and a ceramide, no reported in the genus Callyspongia, previously. The analysis of the their lipid extracts show different kinds of fatty acids with a variety of chain length (saponifiable fraction), and others metabolites like Lupenone and stigmasterol, also unprecedented in the genus. The Polysaccharide characterization and the elucidation of the secondary metabolites acquired through of chromatography analysis (CC, molecular exclusion) and spectrometric (NMR 1H and 13C, mass, IR), respectively and comparison with literature data

Lithium and rubidium concentrations in waters of seas and oceans

Data on lithium, rubidium and cesium concentrations in waters of open seas and oceans are summarized. Average amounts of these elements in the World Ocean inferred from published data and those obtained by the author are as follows: Li - 0.18 mg/l, Rb - 0.12 mg/l and Cs - 0.004 mg/l. Rare alkaline elements in the oceans and open seas are distributed (like sodium and potassium) in accordance with salinity. The ability of lithium to become a constituent of clay minerals accounts for its relatively low concentration in sea water as compared with that of sodium and potassium. Compared to rubidium and cesium that have high absorption energy and low hydration energy, lithium relatively enriches sea water. Residence times of these elements in the ocean are: Na - 120 My, Li - 2.7 My, Rb - 2.3 My and Cs - 0.3 My.

Age of bottom sediments and minerals from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

Application of nuclear geochronology methods in study of recent sedimentation processes, in paleoceanology, tectonics, geomorphology, and other problems associated with accumulation of sedimentary material in oceans and seas are under consideration in the book. A comparative analysis of dating results obtained by biostratigraphy, paleomagnetic and nuclear geochronology methods is given.

Earth, sea and sky, or, Marvels of the universe : being a full and graphic description of all that is wonderful in every continent of the globe, in the world of waters and the starry heavens; containing thrilling adventures on land and sea ...; embracing the striking physical features of the earth, the peculiar characteristics of the human race, of animals, birds, insects, etc., including a vivid description of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans and of the polar seas ...; together with the amazing phenomena of the solar and starry systems; the whole comprising a vast treasury of all that is marvelous and wonderful in the earth, sea, air, and skies /

Binding: blue cover, intricate illustrations in red and gilt on front cover and spine, marbled edges, floral endpapers

A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and round the world : in which the coast of north-west America has been carefully examined and accurately surveyed : Undertaken by His Majesty's command, principally with a view to ascertain the existence of any navigable communication between the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, and performed in the years 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, and 1795, in the Discovery sloop of war, and armed tender Chatham, under the command of Captain George Vancouver : in three volumes, Vol. I.

Mode of access: Internet.

A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and round the world : in which the coast of north-west America has been carefully examined and accurately surveyed : Undertaken by His Majesty's command, principally with a view to ascertain the existence of any navigable communication between the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, and performed in the years 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, and 1795, in the Discovery sloop of war, and armed tender Chatham, under the command of Captain George Vancouver : in three volumes, Vol. III.

Mode of access: Internet.

A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and round the world : in which the coast of north-west America has been carefully examined and accurately surveyed : Undertaken by His Majesty's command, principally with a view to ascertain the existence of any navigable communication between the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, and performed in the years 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, and 1795, in the Discovery sloop of war, and armed tender Chatham, under the command of Captain George Vancouver : in three volumes, Vol. II.

Mode of access: Internet.

Scalable Visualization of Galaxies, Oceans, and Brains

One of the challenges in scientific visualization is to generate software libraries suitable for the large-scale data emerging from tera-scale simulations and instruments. We describe the efforts currently under way at SDSC and NPACI to address these challenges. The scope of the SDSC project spans data handling, graphics, visualization, and scientific application domains. Components of the research focus on the following areas: intelligent data storage, layout and handling, using an associated “Floor-Plan” (meta data); performance optimization on parallel architectures; extension of SDSC’s scalable, parallel, direct volume renderer to allow perspective viewing; and interactive rendering of fractional images (“imagelets”), which facilitates the examination of large datasets. These concepts are coordinated within a data-visualization pipeline, which operates on component data blocks sized to fit within the available computing resources. A key feature of the scheme is that the meta data, which tag the data blocks, can be propagated and applied consistently. This is possible at the disk level, in distributing the computations across parallel processors; in “imagelet” composition; and in feature tagging. The work reflects the emerging challenges and opportunities presented by the ongoing progress in high-performance computing (HPC) and the deployment of the data, computational, and visualization Grids.

Rapid radiation in spiny lobsters (Palinurus spp) as revealed by classic and ABC methods using mtDNA and microsatellite data

Background: Molecular tools may help to uncover closely related and still diverging species from a wide variety of taxa and provide insight into the mechanisms, pace and geography of marine speciation. There is a certain controversy on the phylogeography and speciation modes of species-groups with an Eastern Atlantic-Western Indian Ocean distribution, with previous studies suggesting that older events (Miocene) and/or more recent (Pleistocene) oceanographic processes could have influenced the phylogeny of marine taxa. The spiny lobster genus Palinurus allows for testing among speciation hypotheses, since it has a particular distribution with two groups of three species each in the Northeastern Atlantic (P. elephas, P. mauritanicus and P. charlestoni) and Southeastern Atlantic and Southwestern Indian Oceans (P. gilchristi, P. delagoae and P. barbarae). In the present study, we obtain a more complete understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among these species through a combined dataset with both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, by testing alternative hypotheses on both the mutation rate and tree topology under the recently developed approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods. Results Our analyses support a North-to-South speciation pattern in Palinurus with all the South-African species forming a monophyletic clade nested within the Northern Hemisphere species. Coalescent-based ABC methods allowed us to reject the previously proposed hypothesis of a Middle Miocene speciation event related with the closure of the Tethyan Seaway. Instead, divergence times obtained for Palinurus species using the combined mtDNA-microsatellite dataset and standard mutation rates for mtDNA agree with known glaciation-related processes occurring during the last 2 my. Conclusion The Palinurus speciation pattern is a typical example of a series of rapid speciation events occurring within a group, with very short branches separating different species. Our results support the hypothesis that recent climate change-related oceanographic processes have influenced the phylogeny of marine taxa, with most Palinurus species originating during the last two million years. The present study highlights the value of new coalescent-based statistical methods such as ABC for testing different speciation hypotheses using molecular data.