Re-strengthening Brisbane City Hall

The restoration of Brisbane City Hall is an indication of a society that acknowledges the significance of cultural heritage. Preserving this historical icon required significant funding support, so the rehabilitation process must be thoroughly analysed and validated.

Re-strengthening Brisbane City Hall : a case study of heritage engineering

Upgrading old buildings with the evolution of building requirements, this project investigates new approaches that can be applied to strengthen our own heritage buildings using historical and comparative analysis of heritage building restorations locally and abroad. Within the newly developing field of Heritage Engineering, it evaluates the innovative Concrete Overlay technique adapted to building restoration of the Brisbane City Hall. This study aims to extend the application of Concrete Overlay techniques and determine its compatibility specifically to heritage buildings. Concrete overlay involves drilling new reinforcement and placing concrete on top of the existing structure. It is akin to a bone transplant or bone grafting in the case of a human being and has been used by engineers to strengthen newer bridges.

Directives for a Correct Diagnosis

A special Working Group, to study and develop standars related to Building Restoration, Rehabilitation and Maintenance, was formed in January 2001 in AENOR (Spanish Association for Codes and Standars) under the management of the Department of Building Construction of the School of Architecture of Madrid (DCTA-UPM). Three groups were organized to deal with different topics: Diagnosis, Techiques and Materials, and Maintenance. In this paper the differents topics in which the Diagnosis Subgroup is working are described: historical studies, constructive description of the building and building pathology. These will be basic to carry out a correct diagnosis of any type of building, whether it is historic or not. In the development of such topics, the recognizable architectural values are justified as they are prior to the diagnosis stage. As an example of the subgroup work, several pathology cards are shown which include: longitudinal cracks of mechanical origin in beams of concrete structures, façade closings and claddings, and general symptoms of installation services.

Concienciación para la conservación del patrimonio urbano : los instrumentos de gestión para la recuperación del barrio madrileño de Embajadores

La tesis trata la evolución de la conciencia de la conservación de los centros históricos y de los instrumentos de gestión utilizados en las políticas de rehabilitación del casco antiguo de Madrid, desde las primeras experiencias de los años ‘80 hasta el perfeccionamiento del complejo mecanismo contemporáneo. El proceso de rehabilitación ha demostrado ser extremadamente coherente en cuanto a los objetivos y en cuanto al tema de los instrumentos ha seguido la tendencia de diversificar y flexibilizar. En Madrid se ha utilizado el concepto de rehabilitación en sentido integral, abarca una amplia gama de acciones que implican por una parte, intervenciones directas sobre los edificios y por otra, la valorización del espacio público, de los edificios representativos, la introducción de dotaciones y también un componente social. El tema se analizará desde la perspectiva del barrio de Embajadores, un área muy especial del casco antiguo de la ciudad. Desde 1998 hasta la actualidad allí funciona el Área de Rehabilitación Integral con el nombre de Lavapiés. El barrio de Embajadores representa un caso de extrema complejidad dada su tradición, que mantiene hasta el momento, de barrio popular que ha tenido como consecuencia negativa un grave estado de deterioro de los edificios y de sus estructuras urbanas. Además, presenta una composición socio-cultural muy heterogénea ya que siempre ha alojado oleadas de inmigrantes que llegaban a la capital tanto de las provincias como del extranjero. Los ‘80 marcan en Madrid el inicio de la preocupación por la rehabilitación urbana y de los primeros intentos de definir unos mecanismos. Durante este período el barrio de Embajadores es escenario de los primeros proyectos piloto de rehabilitación. Se sientan las bases del sistema de subvenciones, que empujará hacia un modelo de rehabilitación generalizada. A principios de los años ‘90, la insatisfacción dejada por de los resultados obtenidos, la Administración decide reorganizar la estrategia y se procede a la rehabilitación integral por áreas, concentrando los esfuerzos geográfica y temporalmente. La idea ya se había utilizado diez años antes, pero sin encontrar nunca la voluntad política de aplicarla. En comparación con el casco antiguo, el barrio de Embajadores se dejó para el final del proceso para verificar los métodos en zonas más restringidas en cuanto a superficie y con menos problemas. Desde 1998 hasta hoy, período en que funciona el Área de Rehabilitación Integral de Lavapiés, los distintos tipos de actuaciones, de producción arquitectónica, urbanística y sociocultural, han mostrado su eficacia, de forma que los cambios que aportaron al barrio son evidentes para todos. Mientras que las Áreas de Rehabilitación del centro una vez alcanzados los objetivos, se preparan para su clausura, a nivel administrativo se están definiendo nuevas direcciones y nuevos objetivos para el casco antiguo: subastas para incentivar intervenciones de mejoramiento energético y del nivel de sostenibilidad de los edificios madrileños. La primera parte de la tesis establece las premisas presentando algunos puntos relevantes relativos al desarrollo histórico de los documentos y normativas más importantes que tendrán eco en el proceso de concienciación de la cultura de la conservación del patrimonio urbano de los centros históricos. Después, se habla de la experiencia de rehabilitación urbana en Europa, en España en general y en Madrid en particular, con referencia a los modelos de enfoque, al marco legislativo y a las experiencias relacionadas con el casco antiguo, y en definitiva a la creación de la conciencia de la rehabilitación y conservación de los centros de las ciudades. La segunda parte se centra en el caso de estudio, el barrio de Embajadores. En primer lugar, se presenta en detalle el barrio: ubicación, datos característicos, edificios representativos y flujos que generan, trama urbana, datos sobre la formación histórica, tipologías y características de construcción de los edificios y, para finalizar, algún dato demográfico para introducir la compleja problemática social. Más adelante se exponen las primeras experiencias de rehabilitación: dos proyectos piloto de intervención sobre las viviendas realizados en los años ‘80, uno privado y el otro público. La parte central del trabajo trata sobre la fase intensiva de rehabilitación, proceso puesto en marcha en el año ’98 y que corresponde al período en el que Embajadores es Área de Rehabilitación Integral. Se presentan y analizan los objetivos de la rehabilitación y luego los instrumentos de orden administrativo, normativo y legal que regulan las actuaciones en el barrio. Sucesivamente se afronta la rehabilitación de la parte residencial, en régimen privado y público, que fue el modelo principal que la Administración llevó a cabo. Se presenta todo el proceso, desde la decisión sobre el tipo de rehabilitación, las subvenciones y las soluciones técnicas adoptadas así como la rehabilitación de casos especiales de edificios, que por sus características, el alto nivel de degradación o porque ocupados por inquilinos con dificultades económicas, se realizó con intervención pública. Las enormes dificultades derivadas de la complicada gestión y de las incongruencias de las normativas también se analizan en este trabajo. El autor presenta un dosier de una veintena de trabajos llevados a cobo en el Barrio de Embajadores a lo largo de más de 15 años de experiencia profesional propia. Se intenta, en primer lugar, evaluar la actuación pública en comparación con la privada en cuanto a los modelos propuestos, a las problemáticas que generan y a los resultados obtenidos. Una segunda línea de argumentación se refiere a la relación que se establece entre los instrumentos que se promueven y los que obligan a la conservación y a la rehabilitación de los edificios. Quizás el elemento más interesante, por su conocida innovación, de la experiencia de la obligación de conservación a cargo de los propietarios y la introducción de una revisión periódica del estado de los edificios (ITE), que conduce a su mantenimiento permanente a lo largo del tiempo. El ultimo instrumento aparecido y de por si el más novedoso se refiere a la política de rehabilitación energética iniciada en los últimos años por el Ayuntamiento de Madrid. ABSTRACT Starting from the early experiences of the ‘80s and tackling the complex and improved contemporary techniques of development, the present thesis focuses on raising awareness of the conservation of urban heritage and deals with the evolution of rehabilitation policies adopted in the historical center of Madrid. The rehabilitation process has proven to be extremely coherent in terms of its objectives and, consequently, the subject of the instruments has forged ahead a trend of diversification and flexibility. Madrid has used the concept of rehabilitation in a comprehensive manner, encompassing a wide range of actions, which involved on the one hand, direct interventions on buildings and on the other, the appreciation of the public space with its representative edifices and endowments. Confident that the social components have not been neglected during the rehabilitation proceedings, the topic will be analysed in relation to the neighbourhood of Embajadores, an authentic area of the old town. From 1998 onwards, this quarter serves as a Comprehensive Rehabilitation Area under the name of Lavapies. Considering the tradition and popularity of the district, Embajadores represents a challenging case for rehabilitation projects, aiming to improve the severe state of deterioration of buildings and urban structures. Having a heterogeneous sociocultural dynamic, the neighbourhood has always hosted waves of immigrants who come to the capital both from other provinces and abroad. The 1980s in Madrid marked the beginning of concerns with urban regeneration and the first attempts to define feasible restoration techniques. During this period, the district of Embajadores has benefited from various pilot projects. The financial investments have significant effects on the overall environment, so the model of general rehabilitation has been encouraged throughout the years. In the early 90s, left by the dissatisfaction of the results obtained, the authorities proposed to reorganise the strategy and proceed to the full rehabilitation of areas, concentrating efforts geographically and temporally. The idea had already been used ten years before, but never encountered the political force to be implemented. Compared to the old town, the Embajadores neighbourhood has been left for the end of the process, which focused on verifying the methods in more restricted areas that caused fewer disruptions. For the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Area of Lavapies, the various types of administrative implementations from architectural to urban and socio-cultural productions have proved effective. The improvements experienced by the neighbourhood from 1998 are obvious to all. However, while the areas of rehabilitation of the city centre have achieved their objectives and prepare for closure, the administration is still generating new directions and new targets for the ancient surroundings: auctions to encourage the improvement of energy interventions and the sustainability level for the buildings of Madrid. Therefore, the first part of the thesis establishes the premises and introduces some relevant points concerning the entire city. It describes the historical development of urban projects, indicating the events that will echo in the rehabilitation process. This paper then turns to discuss the experience of urban regeneration in Spain, emphasising the case of Madrid with reference to models of approach, legislative frameworks and appreciation of the old structures. The second part reveals an in depth case study of the district of Embajadores. At first, the thesis provides insights into the neighbourhood: location, general data on representative buildings and propagated trends, urban, historical data on training, building typologies and characteristics. The section introduces some demographic data to complete the portrait of the elaborate social problems encountered in this district, also outlining the first experiences of rehabilitation: two pilot projects on housing intervention made in the 80s, one private and one public. The central part of the thesis deals with the intensive phase of rehabilitation developments launched in the year '98 when Embajadores joined the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Area. It analyses the goals of rehabilitation and the instruments of administrative, regulatory and governing legal proceedings of the neighbourhood. The following chapter addresses the privately and publicly founded plan of residential rehabilitation that constituted the main model conducted by the authorities. It describes the entire process: deciding the type of restoration, subsidies and technical solutions as well as the degree of rehabilitation for special buildings, which either have a high level of degradation or require public intervention when tenants face financial difficulties. The administrative difficulties caused by the enormous bureaucratic machinery and the inconsistencies in regulations are also discussed in this paper. Thus, a just evaluation of the public and private performances regarding the proposed models of rehabilitation, along with the problems they generate and the results obtained is desired throughout the thesis. A second line of argument concerns the relationship established between the instruments that are promoted and requiring conservation and the building restoration. Perhaps the most interesting and innovative element of the new rehabilitation policies is the owners' obligation to preserve their properties and the introduction of a periodic review for the state of the buildings (ITE). These thorough and meticulous regulations lead to an ongoing maintenance of constructions, preventing them from severe or sudden deteriorations.

Future-Proofing: Seeking Resilience in the Historic Built Environment

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

A book on building, civil and ecclesiastical : including church restoration : with the theory of domes and the great pyramid, and dimensions of many churches and other great buildings /

Includes index.

Towards the formation of a sustainable South Florida: An analysis of conflict resolution and consensus building in the South Florida Everglades Ecosystem Restoration Initiative

This dissertation examines the sociological process of conflict resolution and consensus building in South Florida Everglades Ecosystem Restoration through what I define as a Network Management Coordinative Interstitial Group (NetMIG). The process of conflict resolution can be summarized as the participation of interested and affected parties (stakeholders) in a forum of negotiation. I study the case of the Governor's Commission for a Sustainable South Florida (GCSSF) that was established to reduce social conflict. Such conflict originated from environmental disputes about the Everglades and was manifested in the form of gridlock among regulatory (government) agencies, Indian tribes, as well as agricultural, environmental conservationist and urban development interests. The purpose of the participatory forum is to reduce conflicts of interest and to achieve consensus, with the ultimate goal of restoration of the original Everglades ecosystem, while cultivating the economic and cultural bases of the communities in the area. Further, the forum aim to formulate consensus through envisioning a common sustainable community by providing means to achieve a balance between human and natural systems. ^ Data were gathered using participant observation and document analysis techniques to conduct a theoretically based analysis of the role of the Network Management Coordinative Interstitial Group (NetMIG). I use conflict resolution theory, environmental conflict theory, stakeholder analysis, systems theory, differentiation and social change theory, and strategic management and planning theory. ^ The purpose of this study is to substantiate the role of the Governor's Commission for a Sustainable South Florida (GCSSF) as a consortium of organizations in an effort to resolve conflict rather than an ethnographic study of this organization. Environmental restoration of the Everglades is a vehicle for recognizing the significance of a Network Management Coordinative Interstitial Group (NetMIG), namely the Governor's Commission for a Sustainable South Florida (GCSSF), as a structural mechanism for stakeholder participation in the process of social conflict resolution through the creation of new cultural paradigms for a sustainable community. ^

CIL II(2).5, 1280 – Dedication to Vespasian for the building and restoration of roads and bridges

Photograph and translation

Re-strengthening 20th century architectural heritage : A case study of Brisbane City Hall restoration

Restoring old buildings to conform the current building policies and standards is a great challenge to engineers and architects. The restoration of the Brisbane City Hall, a heritage building listed by the State of Queensland in Australia, developed an innovative approach to upgrade the building using the method called ‘concrete overlay’ following the guidelines of both the International Council on Monuments and Sites and the Burra Charter of Australia. Concrete overlay is a new method of structural strengthening by drilling new reinforcement and placing new concrete on top of the existing structure, akin to a bone transplant or bone grafting in the case of a human being. This method is popularly used for newer bridges which have suffered load stresses. However, this method had never been used on any heritage buildings which were built on different conditions and standards. The compatibility of this method is currently being monitored. Most of the modern historic buildings are rapidly deteriorating and require immediate interventions in order to be saved. As most of these heritage buildings are on the stage of advanced deterioration, significant attempts are being made and several innovations are being applied to upgrade these structures to conform with the current building requirements. To date, the knowledge and literature in regarding ‘concrete cancer’ in relation to rehabilitating these reinforced concrete heritage structures is significantly lacking. It is hoped that the method of concrete overlay and the case study of Brisbane City Hall restoration will contribute to the development of restoration techniques and policies for Modern Heritage Buildings.

Squaring the circle. Social and environmental implications of pre-pottery neolithic building technology at Tell Qarassa (South Syria)

We present the results of the microstratigraphic, phytolith and wood charcoal study of the remains of a 10.5 ka roof. The roof is part of a building excavated at Tell Qarassa (South Syria), assigned to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period (PPNB). The Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) period in the Levant coincides with the emergence of farming. This fundamental change in subsistence strategy implied the shift from mobile to settled aggregated life, and from tents and huts to hard buildings. As settled life spread across the Levant, a generalised transition from round to square buildings occurred, that is a trademark of the PPNB period. The study of these buildings is fundamental for the understanding of the ever-stronger reciprocal socio-ecological relationship humans developed with the local environment since the introduction of sedentism and domestication. Descriptions of buildings in PPN archaeological contexts are usually restricted to the macroscopic observation of wooden elements (posts and beams) and mineral components (daub, plaster and stone elements). Reconstructions of microscopic and organic components are frequently based on ethnographic analogy. The direct study of macroscopic and microscopic, organic and mineral, building components performed at Tell Qarassa provides new insights on building conception, maintenance, use and destruction. These elements reflect new emerging paradigms in the relationship between Neolithic societies and the environment. A square building was possibly covered here with a radial roof, providing a glance into a topologic shift in the conception and understanding of volumes, from round-based to square-based geometries. Macroscopic and microscopic roof components indicate buildings were conceived for year-round residence rather than seasonal mobility. This implied performing maintenance and restoration of partially damaged buildings, as well as their adaptation to seasonal variability

Are we building competitive and liveable cities?: Guidelines for developing eco-efficient and socially inclusive infrastructure

This guideline jointly published by The UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), in partnership with the Urban Design Lab of the Earth Institute, Columbia University, provides practical tools for city planners and decision makers to reform urban planning and infrastructure design according to the principles of eco-efficiency and social inclusiveness. It includes case studies from the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Japan and Sri Lanka.

Sustainable inorganic Binders and Their Applications in Building Engineering: A Green Alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement

In the last decades, the building materials and construction industry has been contributing to a great extent to generate a high impact on our environment. As it has been considered one of the key areas in which to operate to significantly reduce our footprint on environment, there has been widespread belief that particular attention now has to be paid and specific measures have to be taken to limit the use of non-renewable resources.The aim of this thesis is therefore to study and evaluate sustainable alternatives to commonly used building materials, mainly based on ordinary Portland Cement, and find a supportable path to reduce CO2 emissions and promote the re-use of waste materials. More specifically, this research explores different solutions for replacing cementitious binders in distinct application fields, particularly where special and more restricting requirements are needed, such as restoration and conservation of architectural heritage. Emphasis was thus placed on aspects and implications more closely related to the concept of non-invasivity and environmental sustainability. A first part of the research was addressed to the study and development of sustainable inorganic matrices, based on lime putty, for the pre-impregnation and on-site binding of continuous carbon fiber fabrics for structural rehabilitation and heritage restoration. Moreover, with the aim to further limit the exploitation of non-renewable resources, the synthesis of chemically activated silico-aluminate materials, as metakaolin, ladle slag or fly ash, was thus successfully achieved. New sustainable binders were hence proposed as novel building materials, suitable to be used as primary component for construction and repair mortars, as bulk materials in high-temperature applications or as matrices for high-toughness fiber reinforced composites.

Study and Restoration Proposal for the Maison en Bord de Mer: E.1027 by Eileen Gray and Jean Badovici

This study constitutes an establishment of the main guidelines for the restoration of modern architecture, considering the E.1027 Maison en Bord de Meras a prototype for theortical and technical features. E.1027 Maison en Bord de Mer is a small villa built by Eileen Gray and Jean Badovici between 1926 and 1929 in Roquebrune Cap-Martin, France. Later on, the original project was modified because of successive interventions, altering the spatial qualities until being eventually abandoned in 2008. As a consequence of these variations, a meticulous documentation of the building turns essential in order to undertake its restoration. For that purpose, a description of the house and its historical evolution has been made, comparing plans of its different transformations and ending with a detailed survey of the current state. After presenting the particular pathologies of Cray's villa, the research concludes with the restoration proposal for E.1027 itself

Restoration of religious temples: intervention in the church “Nuestra Señora de Belén” in Crevillente (Alicante)

Heritage conservation has raised historical problems usually centered in defects resulting from water leaks. Thus, any intervention is presented as a difficult task, both due to building techniques to be used and the lack of economic resources in many cases. In relation to the temples existing in Alicante (Spain), water drainage is solved with pitched roofs on slope formation (in vaulted naves) or directly supported on the vaulted elements (in the domes). Since those construction systems are composed by brick and plaster, the presence of moisture is problematic, and represents a risk of losing the strength capacity and therefore the stability of the dome. An example of this problem is the dome of the church “Nuestra Señora de Belén” in Crevillente, built with solid bricks, it has the highest diameter of the province (18th century). This historic building has been restored on several occasions in the recent years due to moisture, cracks or fissures. The study of these works give an idea of the difficulties of maintenance, conservation and proper restoration of such kind of buildings as unique and valued constructions in our heritage.