A Certificação da empresa José Maria da Fonseca – Vinhos SA no Referencial BRC

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Tecnologia e Segurança Alimentar

Renovação da certificação do referencial BRC, aplicação do código de ética laboral ETI – Ethical Trading Initiative e do referencial específico da Walmart na central fruteira O Melro.OP

A crescente preocupação com a segurança alimentar por parte das empresas do setor, assim como a segurança e o bem estar dos trabalhadores cresce com o alargamento do mercado de exportação e importação de produtos. As exigências de muitos retalhistas e grossistas europeus reforçam a necessidade de implementação de referenciais específicos. Este trabalho tem por base a atualização da norma British Retail Consortium (BRC) para a sétima versão, implementação do referencial Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) e Walmart na central fruteira O Melro.OP. Todos os referenciais foram analisados, de forma a compreender as melhores metodologias para o cumprimento dos requisitos exigidos, tendo sido consultada a legislação aplicável relevante aos vários setores, recursos humanos, ética, segurança e higiene no trabalho e ambiente. Procedeu-se à elaboração das check lists para cada referencial e a uma auditoria prévia com o objetivo de avaliar a situação atual da empresa. Elaboraram-se relatórios e planos de ação indicando as alterações a ter em conta para a implementação e atualização dos referenciais e toda a documentação associada. Posteriormente foi feita uma auditoria interna de modo a confirmar que o plano de ação da auditoria prévia foi aplicado, tendo-se elaborado o relatório da auditoria e novos planos de ação para futura melhoria e obtenção das respetivas certificações. Com a implementação destas certificações para os referenciais BRC, ETI e Walmart a empresa pode obter uma maior visibilidade no mercado, aumentado assim o seu leque de clientes.

Preparação para a implementação do referencial BRC numa indústria de abate e transformação de aves

Atualmente a segurança e qualidade alimentar surge como umas das maiores preocupações da indústria alimentar, isto deve-se a uma maior exigência dos consumidores, ao aumento do receio devido a recentes crises de segurança alimentar e consequentemente ao maior grau de exigência do quadro regulamentar aplicável ao sector Agroindustrial. Este facto levou ao aparecimento de vários referenciais normativos, entre eles aparece a norma BRC, uma norma reconhecida internacionalmente. A implementação e certificação de um sistema de gestão de segurança alimentar reconhecido internacionalmente é uma das metodologias mais eficazes de as empresas do sector alimentar garantirem a eficácia dos processos relacionados com a qualidade e segurança alimentar aumentando assim a confiança dos consumidores e clientes e consequentemente a sua competitividade num mercado global. Foi nesta base que foi desenvolvido o presente projeto, que consistiu na preparação de uma pequena e média empresa de abate e transformação de aves para a implementação do referencial BRC – Global Standard for food safety – Issue 6, July 2011, British Retail Consortium, London A preparação para implementação deste referencial foi elaborada em diferentes fases: numa primeira fase procedeu-se à realização de uma auditoria de diagnóstico, de modo a avaliar os procedimentos em comparação com os requisitos da norma. Verificaram-se nesta fase 45 não conformidades, com base nas quais foi elaborado um plano de ações e alterações em concordância das necessidades identificadas de forma a cumprir os requisitos da norma. O sistema de gestão BRC na empresa em estudo encontra-se atualmente totalmente planeado e estruturado estando igualmente definida a estrutura documental necessária ao cumprimento dos requisitos da norma. A certificação da empresa segundo o referencial BRC versão 6 no prazo previsto não foi possível mas este projeto contribuiu para que que esta venha a ser bem-sucedida, tendo sido definida a base processual e documental necessária para o efeito.

Paths of the least resistance:understanding how motives form in international retail joint venturing

Developing the premise that strategies are forged through an ongoing mutual process of developing motives and responses to multiple degrees of resistance, this paper examines the motives underpinning the adoption of joint venture strategies using empirical details from four British retail firms. The findings point to multiple motives forming from multiple paths of resistance in the foreign market, but also among individuals within the firm as well as across the whole international programme. Moreover, this study reveals a paradoxical tension between management's operational impatience to immediately ground the retail format and an overall wariness or gloomy perceptions associated with adopting an international retail joint venture. The paper therefore concludes that the motives and barriers are manifestations of the struggles involved in internationalising retail operations.

Technical efficiency and human capital in the retail sector

The performance of the British retail sectors in terms of productivity growth is not brilliant. This paper focuses on a specific component of productivity growth (technical efficiency) and tests the extent to which its variance across the sector can be explained by the differences in the educational attainment of the pool of workers to which retail firms have access. The empirical analysis is carried out on a sample of 1061 retail firms from the Annual Respondents Database, 1997-2005. The results confirm that the county-level differences of the stock of human capital can explain the technical efficiency differentials across the sector. © 2011 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

The influence of financial participation and participation in decision-making on employee job attitudes

This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of financial participation (FP) and participation in decision-making (PDM) on employee job attitudes. The central premise is that both financial participation and participation in decision-making have effects on job attitudes, such as integration, involvement and commitment, perceived pay equity, performance-reward contingencies, satisfaction and motivation. After reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature and testing two theoretical frameworks, developed by Long (1978a) and Florkowski ( 1989), a new model was constructed to consider a combined effects of both FP and PDM, herein referred to as employee participation (EP). The underpinning of the model is based on the assumption that both ( a) the combination of financial participation and participation in decision-making ('employee participation'), and (b) participation in decision-making produce favourable effects on employee job attitudes. The test of the new model showed that employee participation does not produce more favourable effects on employee job attitudes, than does participation in decision-making on its own. The data were gathered from a questionnaire study administered in a large British retail organization that operates two types of ownership schemes - profit-sharing and SAYE schemes.

Vitamin E intake from natural sources and head and neck cancer risk : a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium.

BACKGROUND: Evidence for the possible effect of vitamin E on head and neck cancers (HNCs) is limited. METHODS: We used individual-level pooled data from 10 case-control studies (5959 cases and 12 248 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium to assess the association between vitamin E intake from natural sources and cancer of the oral cavity/pharynx and larynx. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models applied to quintile categories of nonalcohol energy-adjusted vitamin E intake. RESULTS: Intake of vitamin E was inversely related to oral/pharyngeal cancer (OR for the fifth vs the first quintile category=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.71; P for trend <0.001) and to laryngeal cancer (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.83, P for trend <0.001). There was, however, appreciable heterogeneity of the estimated effect across studies for oral/pharyngeal cancer. Inverse associations were generally observed for the anatomical subsites of oral and pharyngeal cancer and within covariate strata for both sites. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that greater vitamin E intake from foods may lower HNC risk, although we were not able to explain the heterogeneity observed across studies or rule out certain sources of bias.

The British ‘failure’ that never was? The Anglo-American ‘productivity gap’ in large-scale interwar retailing—evidence from the department store sector

Interwar British retailing has been characterized as having lower productivity, less developed managerial hierarchies and methods, and weaker scale economies than its US counterpart. This article examines comparative productivity for one major segment of large-scale retailing in both countries—the department store sector. Drawing on exceptionally detailed contemporary survey data, we show that British department stores in fact achieved superior performance in terms of operating costs, margins, profits, and stock-turn. While smaller British stores had lower labour productivity than US stores of equivalent size, TFP was generally higher for British stores, which also enjoyed stronger scale economies. We also examine the reasons behind Britain's surprisingly strong relative performance, using surviving original returns from the British surveys. Contrary to arguments that British retailers faced major barriers to the development of large-scale enterprises, that could reap economies of scale and scope and invest in machinery and marketing to support the growth of their primary sales functions, we find that British department stores enthusiastically embraced the retail ‘managerial revolution’—and reaped substantial benefits from this investment.

The 'Shatton and Windup' Affair: Beckett's dealings with the firm of Chatto & Windus, 'Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation'

This essay looks in detail at the brief history of Samuel Beckett's relations with Charles Prentice and the publishing firm of Chatto & Windus. It examines the fate of two of Beckett's early publications - his essay on Proust in the Dolphin Books and his volume of short stories More Pricks than Kicks - against the backdrop of the cultural, ideological and economic context of publishing in the 1930s.

Globalisation and the evolution of international retailing: a comment on Alexander's 'British overseas retailing, 1900-1960'

Nicholas Alexander's (2011. British overseas retailing, 1900–60: International firm characteristics, market selections and entry modes. Business History, 53, 530–556) survey of British overseas retailers from 1900 to 1960 provides pathbreaking new evidence of international retailing activity during the first globalisation boom. The article surveys this and other recent evidence, and confirms that international retailing was far more significant up to 1929 than previously thought. This activity was overwhelmingly undertaken by non-retailers, however, and hence by multinationals whose advantages in retailing were fundamentally unsustainable over the long run. Even the department store format, the principal retail innovation of the period, was not internationalised primarily by multinationals. Rather it was diffused via indigenous entrepreneurs, driven by a rapidly growing global demand for western style fashion and dress.

The impact of E-commerce on retail real estate in the UK

This article summarizes the main research findings from the first of a series of annual surveys conducted for the British Council of Shopping Centres. The study examines the changing pattern of retailing in the United Kingdom and provides an overview of key research from previous studies in both the U.K. and the United States. The main findings are then presented, including an examination of the impact of e-commerce on sales and rental values and on the future space and ownership / leasing requirements of U.K. retailers for 2000-2005. The impact on a shopping center in a case study town in the U.K. is also considered. The difficulties of isolating the impact of e-commerce from other forces for change in retailing are highlighted. In contrast to other viewpoints, the results show that e-commerce will not mean the death of conventional store-based U.K. retailing, although further benchmark research is needed.