The bulletin of the California Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.

Mode of access: Internet.

Implementation of a pilot project for the treatment and prevention of substance abuse in children and adolescents : strengthening families for parents and youths 12-16

RESUMO: Antecendentes: Uma avalia����o dos servi��os de abuso de subst��ncias em Barbados identificou a necessidade de programas e servi��os que s��o projetados especificamente para crian��as e adolescentes. Objetivo: Realizar programa com base em evid��ncias para reduzir a incid��ncia de abuso de drogas entre crian��as e adolescentes por meio do fortalecimento da unidade familiar atrav��s de parentalidade positiva, de maior funcionamento familiar e de resist��ncia dos jovens. M��todo: Dois projetos-piloto foram realizadas com base no programa "Fortalecer as Fam��lias para Pais e Jovens de 12 a 16 anos (SFPY). O programa de nove semanas foi empregado como uma interven����o para criar la��os familiares mais fortes, aumentar a resist��ncia dos jovens e reduzir o abuso de drogas entre crian��as e adolescentes de idades de 11 a 16 anos. A decis��o foi tomada para incluir participantes de 11 anos desde que as crian��as possam estar no primeiro ano da escola secund��ria nessa idade. IMPLEMENTATION OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE PILOT PROJECT FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 5 Resultados: Quinze fam��lias participaram em dois projetos-piloto e a avalia����o final mostrou que os jovens ap��s o programa, geralmente tornaram-se mais positivos sobre o seu lugar na unidade familiar e sentiram que sua participa����o no programa foi ben��fica. Os pais, da mesma forma, relataram que eles conquistaram, com o programa uma rela����o mais positiva, uma melhor compreens��o das necessidades, e consci��ncia das mudan��as de desenvolvimento de seus jovens. Desta forma, considera-se que o programa atingiu o resultado desejado de criar unidades familiares mais fortes. Conclus��o: O Projeto Piloto ���SFPY��� foi bem sucedido em fazer pais e jovens mais conscientes de suas necessidades individuais e de responsabilidades dentro da unidade familiar. Como resultado, o relacionamentos das respectivas fam��lias melhorou. Estudos baseados em evid��ncias t��m demonstrado que um rela����o familiar mais forte diminui a incid��ncia de uso e abuso de drogas na popula����o adolescente, aumentando os fatores de prote����o e diminuindo os fatores de risco. A implementa����o do programa, que foi desenvolvido e testado no ambiente norte-americano, demonstrou que era transfer��vel para a sociedade de Barbados. No entanto, seu impacto total s�� pode ser determinado atrav��s de um estudo comparativo envolvendo um grupo de controle e / ou uma interven����o alternativa ao abuso de subst��ncias. Portanto, �� recomend��vel que um estudo comparativo da interven����o SFPY deve envolver uma amostra representativa de adolescentes que est��o em est��gio de desenvolvimento anterior mais cedo. Evid��ncias j�� demonstram que o programa �� mais eficaz, com impacto mais longo sobre os jovens que participam em uma idade maisABSTRACT:Background: An evaluation of substance abuse services in Barbados has identified the need for programmes and services that are specifically designed for children and adolescents. Aim: To conduct an evidence-based programme to reduce the incidence of substance abuse among children and adolescents by strengthening the family unit through positive parenting, enhanced family functioning and youth resilience. Method: Two pilot projects were conducted based on the ���Strengthening Families for Parents and Youths 12��� 16��� (SFPY) programme. The nine-week programme was employed as an intervention to create stronger family connections, increase youth resiliency and reduce drug abuse among children and adolescents between the ages of 11 to 16. The decision was made to include participants from age 11 since children may be in the first year of secondary school at this age. IMPLEMENTATION OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE PILOT PROJECT FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 3 Results: Fifteen families participated in two pilot projects and an evaluation conducted at the conclusion showed that the youth were generally more positive about their perceived place in the family unit and felt that the being in the programme was generally beneficial. The parents similarly reported they had a more positive relationship with their youths and also had a better understanding of their needs, and an awareness of their developmental changes. This affirmed that the programme had achieved its desired outcome to create stronger family units. Conclusion: The SFPY Pilot Project was successful in making parents and youths more aware of their individual needs and responsibilities within the family unit. As a result relationships within their respective families were strengthened. Evidence-based studies have shown that enhanced family functioning decreases the incidence of substance use and abuse in the adolescent population by increasing protective factors and decreasing risk factors. The implementation of the programme, which was developed and tested in the North American environment, demonstrated that it was transferable to the Barbadian society. However, its full impact can only be determined through a comparative study involving a control group and/or an alternative substance abuse intervention. It is therefore recommended that a comparative study of the SFPY intervention should be delivered to a representative sample of adolescents who are at an earlier developmental stage. Evidence has shown that the programme is more effective, with longer impact on youths who participate at a younger age.

Illinois State directory of resources and services of the Illinois State plan for the treatment and prevention of alcohol abuse and alcoholism.

Mode of access: Internet.

Dependent and delinquent children in North Dakota and South Dakota ; a study of the prevalence, treatment, and prevention of child dependency and delinquency in two rural statess.

"Appendix A. -- Laws relating to child welfare enacted in North Dakota in 1923" : p. 109-121.

Child-care attendance and common morbidity: evidence of association in the literature and questions of design

Papers on child-care attendance as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections and diarrhea were reviewed. There was great variety among the studies with regard to the design, definition of exposure and definition of outcomes. All the traditional epidemiological study designs have been used. The studies varied in terms of how child-care attendance in general was defined, and for different settings. These definitions differed especially in relation to the minimum time of attendance required. The outcomes were also defined and measured in several different ways. The analyses performed were not always appropriate, leading to sets of results of uneven quality, and composed of different measures of association relating different exposures and outcomes, that made summarizing difficult. Despite that, the results reported were remarkably consistent. Only two of the papers reviewed failed to show some association between child-care attendance and increased acute respiratory infections, or diarrhea. On the other hand, the magnitude of the associations reported varied widely, especially for lower respiratory infections. Taken together, the studies so far published provide evidence that children attending child-care centers, especially those under three years of age, are at a higher risk of upper respiratory infections, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhea. The studies were not consistent, however, in relation to attendance at child-care homes. Children in such settings were sometimes similar to those in child-care centers, sometimes similar to those cared for at home, and sometimes presented an intermediate risk.

Investigation of Materials for the Reduction and Prevention of Corrosion on Highway Maintenance Equipment, TR-472, 2009

The issue of corrosion of winter maintenance equipment is becoming of greater concern because of the increased use of liquid solutions of ice control chemicals, as opposed to their application in solid form. Being in liquid form, the ice control chemicals can more easily penetrate into the nooks and crannies on equipment and avoid being cleansed from the vehicle. Given this enhanced corrosive ability, methods must be found to minimize corrosion. The methods may include coatings, additives, cleansing techniques, other methods, and may also include doing nothing, and accepting a reduced equipment lifetime as a valid (perhaps) trade off with the enhanced benefits of using liquid ice control chemicals. In reality, some combination of these methods may prove to be optimal. Whatever solutions are selected, they must be relatively cheap and durable. The latter point is critical because of the environment in which maintenance trucks operate, in which scrapes, scratches and dents are facts of life. Protection methods that are not robust simply will not work. The purpose of this study is to determine how corrosion occurs on maintenance trucks, to find methods that would minimize the major corrosion mechanisms, and to

Evaluation schedule for use in the study and appraisal of community health programs.

Mode of access: Internet.

Guide to the study and use of reference books; a manual for librarians, teachers and students,

"Limited to those of a strictly reference character, and to the most useful works in the English language, with some exceptions in other languages."

Guide to the study and use of reference books,

Accompanied by "Supplement 1911-1913, by Isadore Gilbert Mudge." (48 p. 24 cm.) Published: Chicago, Ill., American library association publishing board, 1914.

Guide to the study and use of reference books : supplement, 1909-1910 and 1911-1913 /

Foundation vol. by Alice Bertha Kroeger.

Guide to the study and use of reference books;

Mode of access: Internet.

Influence of food components on lipid metabolism: scenarios and perspective on the control and prevention of dyslipidemias

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main causes of death in the Western world. Among the risk factors that are modifiable by diet, for reducing cardiovascular disease risks, the total plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C are the most important. Dietary measures can balance these components of the lipid profile thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The main food components that affect the lipid profile and can be modified by diet are the saturated and trans fats, unsaturated fats, cholesterol, phytosterols, plant protein, and soluble fiber. A wealth of evidence suggests that saturated and trans fats and cholesterol in the diet raise the total plasma cholesterol and LDL-C. Trans fats also reduce HDL-C, an important lipoprotein for mediating the reverse cholesterol transport. On the other hand, phytosterols, plant proteins, isoflavones, and soluble fiber are protective diet factors against cardiovascular diseases by modulating plasma lipoprotein levels. These food components at certain concentrations are able to reduce the total cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C and raise the plasma levels of HDL-C. Therefore, diet is an important tool for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases, and should be taken into account as a whole, i.e., not only the food components that modulate plasma concentrations of lipoproteins, but also the diet content of macro nutrients and micronutrients should be considered.

Pharmacist professionals in the prevention of drug abuse: updating roles, and opportunities

The objective of this paper was to prepare and provide resources to pharmacists and other healthcare professionals, enabling them to carry out a critical analysis on drug abuse, acquiring knowledge in several areas that effectively contribute to their personal development in this professional field. Professionals play a crucial role in the reduction and prevention of substances abuse, since they are able to advise patient about illicit drugs, psychotropic medicines and alcohol abuse. There is an urgent need to specialize pharmacists to act in the national public health service and contribute to actions aimed at the surrounding community.