Polynomial Coefficient Based Multi-Tone Testing of Analog Circuits

Abstract—A method of testing for parametric faults of analog circuits based on a polynomial representaion of fault-free function of the circuit is presented. The response of the circuit under test (CUT) is estimated as a polynomial in the applied input voltage at relevant frequencies apart from DC. Classification of CUT is based on a comparison of the estimated polynomial coefficients with those of the fault free circuit. The method needs very little augmentation of circuit to make it testable as only output parameters are used for classification. This procedure is shown to uncover several parametric faults causing smaller than 5 % deviations the nominal values. Fault diagnosis based upon sensitivity of polynomial coefficients at relevant frequencies is also proposed.

Middlesex County, Massachusetts, 1856 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, the details from original surveys under the direction of Henry F. Walling, supt. of the state map ; Thos. W. Baker, draughtsman. It was published by Smith & Bumstead in 1856. Scale 1:50,000. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town and county boundaries and more. Covers also parts of Boston. Relief is shown by hachures. It includes many cadastral insets of individual county towns and villages, and an inset geological map of county. It also includes illustrations, business directories, and tables of statistics and distances. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Framingham, Massachusetts 15 Minute Digital Raster Graphic

This layer is a digital raster graphic of the historic 15-minute USGS topographic map of the Framingham, Massachusetts quadrangle. The survey date (ground condition) of the original paper map is 1886, the edition date is March, 1893 and this map was reprinted in 1929. A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map, including all map collar information. The image inside the map neatline is geo-referenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The names of quadrangles which border this one appear on the map collar in their respective positions (N,S,E,W) in relation to this map.

Groton, Massachusetts 15 Minute Digital Raster Graphic

This layer is a digital raster graphic of the historic 15-minute USGS topographic map of the Groton, Massachusetts quadrangle. The survey date (ground condition) of the original paper map is 1887, the edition date is October, 1893 and the map was reprinted in January, 1910. A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map, including all map collar information. The image inside the map neatline is geo-referenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The names of quadrangles which border this one appear on the map collar in their respective positions (N,S,E,W) in relation to this map.

Marlboro, Massachusetts 15 Minute Digital Raster Graphic

This layer is a digital raster graphic of the historic 15-minute USGS topographic map of the Marlboro, Massachusetts quadrangle. The survey date (ground condition) of the original paper map is 1886-87, the edition date is June, 1898 and this map has a reprint date of August, 1914. A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map, including all map collar information. The image inside the map neatline is geo-referenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map.

Lowell, Massachusetts 15 Minute Digital Raster Graphic

This layer is a digital raster graphic of the historic 15-minute USGS topographic map of the Lowell, Massachusetts quadrangle. The survey date (ground condition) of the original paper map is 1886. A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map, including all map collar information. The image inside the map neatline is geo-referenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map.