Compras p??blicas sustent??veis: uma experi??ncia de compra sustent??vel compartilhada no Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot??nico do Rio de Janeiro

A Diretoria de Gest??o do Jardim Bot??nico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), motivada em contribuir para ado????o de um novo paradigma de consumo na administra????o p??blica, implementou a compra compartilhada sustent??vel de 48 itens de material de expediente com 10 ??rg??os da administra????o p??blica federal. Essa foi considerada pelo Minist??rio do Planejamento, Or??amento e Gest??o (MP) como a primeira compra compartilhada sustent??vel do governo federal. O projeto, por ser compartilhado, permitiu efetivamente o ganho de escala, gerando uma economia de aproximadamente 50% do valor estimado. Os ??rg??os participantes e a equipe JBRJ empenharam-se com bastante motiva????o na implementa????o do projeto. O cadastramento dos produtos no ComprasNet permitiu a codifica????o dos primeiros produtos sustent??veis de material de expediente. Adotou-se, portanto, uma medida inovadora, que vai colaborar para a redu????o do impacto ambiental decorrente do consumo no ??mbito dos ??rg??os p??blicos, ao encontro da perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustent??vel

A bot spooler architecture to integrate virtual worlds with e-learning management systems for corporate training

Joining efforts of academic and corporate teams, we developed an integration architecture - MULTIS - that enables corporate e-learning managers to use a Learning Management System (LMS) for management of educational activities in virtual worlds. This architecture was then implemented for the Formare LMS. In this paper we present this architecture and concretizations of its implementation for the Second Life Grid/OpenSimulator virtual world platforms. Current systems are focused on activities managed by individual trainers, rather than groups of trainers and large numbers of trainees: they focus on providing the LMS with information about educational activities taking place in a virtual world and/or being able to access within the virtual world some of the information stored in the LMS, and disregard the streamlining of activity setup and data collection in multi-trainer contexts, among other administrative issues. This architecture aims to overcome the limitations of existing systems for organizational management of corporate e-learning activities.

Spleen cell proliferation during and after skin myiasis by human bot fly Dermatobia hominis

Spleen cells from mice were examined at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days post-infection (dpi) with Dermatobia hominis larva and at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 days post-larval emergence (dple). Cell proliferation in vitro assays were carried out with RPMI-1640 medium and larval secretory product (LSP) of D. hominis at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days. When each group of mice was tested against each medium, significance was only seen for 25 dpi, with increasing order: LSP-10 d, -25 d, -5 d, -20 d, -15 d and RPMI. Significant results were also observed when each medium was tested against mice at each dpi or dple. Each dple group vs. each medium produced significant results only for 10 dple, with increasing order: LSP-5 d, -20 d, -25 d, -10 d, -15 d and RPMI. Comparative tests were also carried out between groups to refine certain observations. The LSPs were also analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The results prove that myiasis caused depletion of spleen cells, particularly under the effect of the LSP-10 and -15, but the cells tended to increase up to 60 dple. This in vitro assay may represent the real systemic immune response in the relationship LSP-D. hominis-host.

Sementes e plântulas de andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl. e Carapa procera D. C.): aspectos botânicos, ecológicos e tecnológicos

Na Amazônia, encontram-se ambas espécies do gênero Carapa (Meliaceae), conhecidas pela qualidade da madeira e pelo óleo extraído das sementes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar informações sobre sementes e plântulas de uma maneira abrangente para subsidiar interesses científicos e aplicados à propagação e manejo das espécies. Para tanto são apresentadas a bio-morfologia dos frutos, sementes e plântulas e uma descrição botânica comparativa, permitindo a distinção das duas espécies. A distribuição natural, abundância e fenologia são apresentados; como também fatores que afetam a regeneração natural, relacionados com as altas taxas de predação de sementes e o ataque da broca-do-ponteiro (Hypsipyla grandella). Andiroba produz sementes grandes e regularmente (em média com peso de 25 g - C. guianensis el6 g -C. procera), porém a produção de mudas enfrenta dificuldades devido a intolerância das sementes ao dessecamento e resfriamento. A espessura do tegumento das sementes de C. guianensis pode causar dormência e prolongar a germinação em até seis meses. O tegumento das sementes de C. procera é normalmente mais delgado e elas necessitam em média apenas um mês para germinar. Práticas de viveiro e plantio, assim como o uso destas espécies são abordados.

The associated microflora to the larvae of human bot fly Dermatobia hominis L. Jr. (Diptera: Cuterebridae) and its furuncular lesions in cattle

The microflora associated to furuncular lesions, larvae and pupae of Dermatobia hominis, as well as the relationships between parasite, host and microflora associated, as a comprehensive microsystem, has been studied. One hundred and two furuncular myiasis due to D. hominis larvae in several breeds of cattle were studied and the following bacterial species were significant: Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. warneri, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Closely related, the microflora associated to 141 samples from first, second, third instar larva and both external surface and larval cavities has been studied. The representative associated microflora to the larvae were: S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. hycus and Moraxella phenylpiruvica, Moerella wisconsiensis, Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris, M. phenylpiruvica, M. wisconsiensis, P. mirabilis and P. rettgeri were the representative microflora associated to 64 pupae of D. hominis.

Prevalence of larvae of the bot fly Cuterebra simulans (Diptera, Oestridae) on Gracilinanus microtarsus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in southeastern Cerrado from Brazil

The prevalence of Cuterebra simulans bot fly parasitism on marsupial Gracilinanus microtarsus was compared between sexes and seasons of the year. No significant difference was observed between females and males but prevalence was higher in warm-wet season than cool-dry season. This pattern agree with observations of others studies with oestrids flies in southern Neotropical areas, suggesting the occurrence of latitudinal change in the peak of bot flies reproductive activity related to seasons of the year along these systems. This is the first record of C. simulans larvae parasitism on G. microtarsus and its occurrence in southern areas of the Neotropical region.

Les projets build, operate and transfer (BOT): une démarche contractuelle efficace dans les investissements internationaux

Dans le vaste champ du droit international des affaires, les projets «Build, Operate and Transfer» (BOT) signifiant «Construire, Exploiter et Transférer» et leurs variantes semblent moins connus du fait qu'ils représentent un type particulier d'investissement. La réalisation de ces projets fait intervenir de nombreux acteurs (notamment l'État hôte, la société concessionnaire et les cocontractants) aux intérêts souvent divergents mais qui tendent tous à la satisfaction d'un objectif commun: la réussite du projet. L'une des particularités de ces projets est que l'État ayant un fort taux d'endettement et d'impérieuses contraintes budgétaires limitant la capacité du secteur public aux besoins croissants en matière d'infrastructures, bénéficie sous certaines conditions, la participation du secteur privé qui supporte d'énormes risques financiers. Notre étude se veut d'abord une pénétration des mécanismes contractuels des projets BOT afin de déceler les enjeux qui font leur complexité. C'est à la suite de cette analyse que succèdera l'étude des problèmes juridiques affectant l'enveloppe financière, les garanties étatiques ainsi que l'allocation des risques. Dans la troisième partie, notre réflexion sera relancée pour comprendre des questions multiples liées à la sécurisation des investissements BOT réalisés dans les pays à instabilité politique particulièrement en Afrique. Le bilan s'ouvrira sur une analyse critique des sentences arbitrales ciblées en insistant sur des principes très généraux dont l'application a fait l'objet des débats animés en droit des investissements.

Manual de pr??cticas de Bot??nica

Cuaderno de trabajo cuyo objetivo es convertirse en un instrumento que posibilite realizar pr??cticas de bot??nica. Est?? orientado a la investigaci??n did??ctica centr??ndose fundamentalmente en trabajos de clasificaci??n, observaci??n y comprobaci??n de leyes, experiencias motivantes para el profesor en su aproximaci??n al estudio de los vegetales. Cada una de las experiencias est?? estructurada en un planteamiento de objetivos, relaci??n de material a utilizar, esquema o dibujo de la experiencia, desarrollo de la misma en pasos claros y una serie de propuestas de post-actividades. La dificultad en la realizaci??n va en orden creciente, facilitando la operatividad de aprendizaje en los distintos niveles educativos desde el ??ltimo ciclo de Primaria hasta la Educaci??n Secundaria.

El nou jard?? bot??nic de Palma. 'El nuevo jard??n bot??nico de Palma'

Se denuncia la situaci??n de abandono y progresivo deterioro de la zona conocida como Es Carnatge, franja litoral situada en la bah??a de Palma. Se anuncia que a pesar de la degradaci??n ambiental ha sido reconocida como unidad de inter??s geol??gico y bot??nico. En los planes del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente figura la recuperaci??n de la zona, as?? como la creaci??n de un jard??n bot??nico. Se analizan las causas que han conducido a la situaci??n actual, enmarc??ndolas en una perspectiva global de la zona mediterr??nea y se apunta la necesidad de la conservaci??n del medio ambiente.

En Quim Botó i les traduccions al català el 1999. 'Quim Botó y las traducciones al catalán el 1999'.

Resumen en catalán