Improvement of friable callus production of Boerhaavia paniculata Rich and the investigation of its lipid profile by GC/MS

Neste estudo, um protocolo para induzir maiores quantidades de calos friáveis de Boerhaavia paniculata RICH e uma técnica de lipidômica foram aplicados para investigar o perfil dos lipídios e serem comparados com aqueles presentes nas raízes desta planta, os quais apresentaram atividade anti-inflamatória no extrato hexânico bruto. A cultura de calo foi induzida a partir de sementes em meio sólido contendo sais de Murashige e Skoog com diferentes quantidades de glicose e diferentes concentrações de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético. Os frascos foram mantidos em câmara de germinação a 30 ± 2°C, com fotoperíodo de 16h sob intensidade luminosa de 27 µmol m^–2 s^–1 durante 4 semanas. Os melhores resultados para a formação de calo friável e desenvolvimento da biomassa foram obtidos no tratamento contendo 2,26 µM de 2,4-D e de glicose (1,5 %; m/v). Técnica de lipidômica foi aplicada na fração hexânica mostrando as concentrações mais elevadas de esteróides β-sitosterol (3,53 mg/100 g de cs - células seca ), e ácidos graxos; especialmente o ácido 2-hidroxi-tetracosanóico (0,34 mg/100 g cs), ácido eicosanoico (86,25 mg/100 g cs), ácido esteárico (420,83 mg/100 g cs), ácido tetradecanóico (10,74 mg/100 g cs) e ácido linoléico (100,61 mg/100 g cs). O perfil lipídico do calo versus aquele encontrado nas raízes da planta silvestre é descrito neste trabalho.

Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Potential of the Alkaloid Punarnavine from Boerhaavia diffusa

Boerhaavia diffusa is a traditional herbal medicine extensively used in the Ayurveda and Unani forms of medicine in India and many parts of the world. Different parts of the plant are used as an appetizer, alexiteric, eye tonic, for flushing out the renal system, and to treat blood pressure. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo genotoxic and/or antigenotoxic potential of punarnavine, a separated alkaloid from the root of B. diffusa using toxicity studies (OECD guideline 474, 1997). The genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of punarnavine was assayed using the comet assay on lymphocytes, liver, spleen, brain, and bone marrow as well as using the micronucleus test in bone marrow cells including the in vitro chromosomal aberration test. The results demonstrated that none of the tested doses of punarnavine showed genotoxic effects by the comet assay, or clastogenic effects in the micronucleus test. On the other hand, for all cells evaluated, the three tested doses of punarnavine promoted inhibition of DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide. Based on these results, we concluded that punarnavine, an alkaloid from the Boerhaavia diffusa root, has no genotoxic or clastogenic effects in our experimental conditions. However, it caused a significant decrease in DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide. It is suggested that the antigenotoxic properties of this alkaloid may be of great pharmacological importance and beneficial for cancer prevention.

Terminalia paniculata bark extract attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver via down regulation of fatty acid synthase in high fat diet-fed obese rats

Background: This study was performed to understand the possible therapeutic activity of Terminalia paniculata ethanolic extract (TPEE) on non alcoholic fatty liver in rats fed with high fat diet. Methods: Thirty six SD rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6): Normal control (NC), high fat diet (HFD), remaining four groups were fed on HFD along with different doses of TPEE (100,150 and 200 mg/kg b.wt) or orlistat, for ten weeks. Liver tissue was homogenized and analyzed for lipid profiles, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Further, the expression levels of FAS and AMPK-1 alpha were also studied in addition to histopathology examination of liver tissue in all the groups. Results: HFD significantly increased hepatic liver total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and MDA but decreased the activities of SOD and CAT which were subsequently reversed by supplementation with TPEE in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TPEE administration significantly down regulated hepatic mRNA expression of FAS but up regulated AMPK-1 alpha compared to HFD alone fed group. Furthermore, western blot analysis of FAS has clearly demonstrated decreased expression of FAS in HFD + TPEE (200 mg/kg b. wt) treated group when compared to HFD group at protein level. Conclusions: Our biochemical studies on hepatic lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities supported by histological and expression studies suggest a potential therapeutic role for TPEE in regulating obesity through FAS.

Evaluation of anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark on high fat diet-induced obese rats

Background: The prevalence and severity of obesity and associated co-morbidities are rapidly increasing across the world. Natural products-based drug intervention has been proposed as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity ailments. This study was designed to investigate the anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (TPEE) on high fat diet-induced obese rats. Methods: LC-MS/MS analysis was done for ethanolic extract of T. paniculata bark. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups of six each, normal diet fed (NC), high fat diet-fed (HFD), HFD+ orlistat (standard drug control) administered, and remaining three groups were fed with HFD + TPEE in different doses (100,150 and 200 mg/kg b. wt). For induction of obesity rats were initially fed with HFD for 9 weeks, then, (TPEE) was supplemented along with HFD for 42 days. Changes in body weight, body composition, blood glucose, insulin, tissue and serum lipid profiles, atherogenic index, liver markers, and expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as leptin, adiponectin, FAS, PPARgamma, AMPK-1alpha and SREBP-1c, were studied in experimental rats. Also, histopathological examination of adipose tissue was carried out. Results: Supplementation of TPEE reduced significantly (P < 0.05) body weight, total fat, fat percentage, atherogenic index, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profiles and liver markers in HFD-fed groups, in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as Leptin, FAS, PPARgamma, and SREBP-1c were down regulated while Adiponectin and AMPK-1alpha were up regulated in TPEE + HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, histopathological examination of adipose tissue revealed the alleviating effect of TPEE which is evident by reduced size of adipocytes. Conclusions: Together, the biochemical, histological and molecular studies unambiguously demonstrate the potential anti adipogenic and anti obesity activities of TPEE promoting it as a formidable candidate to develop anti obesity drug.

Sobre los prados de Festuca paniculata subsp. spadicea

Se comentan la estructura y la ecología de los prados de Festuca paniculata subsp. spadicea planta que en los Pirineos halla su óptimo en las solanas de los pisos montano superior y subalpino, sobre terrenos calizos.

Antibacterial constituents of Neohyptis paniculata

A new -pyrone, 6R-[5R,6S-diacetyloxy-1Z,3E-heptadienyl]-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2one (1), along with six known compounds including an α-pyrone, flavones and terpenes was isolated from the aerial parts of Neohyptis paniculata. The structure of 1 was established unambiguously by MS and a series of 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analyses. The antibacterial activity of the compounds (1-7) was investigated against five strains of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these compounds were found to be in the range of 64-256 g/mL.

Spatial and harvesting influence on growth, yield, quality and economic potential of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall Ex. Nees)

Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as Kalmegh, is used both in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines because of its immunological, antibacterial and hepatoprotective properties. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of four harvesting times (120,135,150 days after planting and at seed maturity) and four planting distances (30×15, 30×10, 20×15 and 20×10 cm) on growth, dry herbage biomass, seed yield and quality traits of Andrographis paniculata at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India in the two years 2005 and 2006. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The maximum values for dry herbage biomass yield (5.14 t ha^(-1)), net returns (760.00 EUR ha^(-1)), B:C ratio (2.59), andrographolide content (2.63%) and total yield (135.00 kg ha^(-1)) were detected 135 days after planting with an optimum planting distance of 30×15 cm. However, the maximum iron content was estimated 120 days after planting. The highest dry herbage (4.58 t ha^(-1)) and maximum seed yield (19.7 kg ha^(-1)) were registered at plants that were lined out with a distance of 20×10 cm.

Morfologia e estabelecimento de plântulas de Cryptocarya moschata Nees, Ocotea catharinensis Mez e Endlicheria paniculata (Spreng.) MacBride - Lauraceae

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Seed dispersal and germination of Cryptocarya moschata Nees & Martius Ex Nees, Ocotea catharinensis Mez and Endlicheria paniculata (Sprengel) Macbride (Lauraceae)

Data of seed dispersal and germination of the studied species are presented, comparing both observations from the wild and nursery. Fruits were collected from Carlos Botelho State Park (24 degrees 44' to 24 degrees 03'S, 47 degrees 46' to 48 degrees 10'W), south of São Paulo State, Brazil. O. catharinensis had low germination percentage, both in the wild and in nursery, and did not tolerate seed storage at low temperature. In nursery, diaspores with removed mesocarp of E. paniculata presented greater germination than those in entire fruits. The high levels of seedling mortality beneath mother-trees of C. moschata, when in comparison to those observed to established seedlings from diaspores dispersed by muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides E. Geoffroy 1806, Cebidae, Primates), allied to the absence of juveniles in the understory, are in accord with the escape model of Janzen-Connel. In nursery, diaspores of C. moschata dispersed by the primates had greater germination, in smaller time, than those collected from mother-trees.

A dehydrorotenoid produced by callus tissue culture and wild plant roots of Boerhaavia coccinea

“Um desidro-rotenóide produzido por cultura de calos e por raízes de plantas silvestres de Boerhaavia coccinea”. Cultura de calos foram estabelecidos de folhas e galhos finos de plântula de B. coccinea produzida in vitro e analisada para isofl avonóide. A quantificação do 6,9,11-triidroxi-6a,12a-desidro-rotenóide isolado das raízes de B. coccinea P Miller, coletada em seu habitat natural, e do mesmo rotenóide produzido na cultura de células estão descritos neste artigo. A análise rotineira em CLAE mostrou que a cultura de calos produziu o mesmo isoflavonóide encontrado nas raízes da planta do campo. A quantidade do metabólito secundário produzido in vitro foi de 955.35

Anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia paniculata) on TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation: experimental evidence

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing, idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical studies suggest that the initiation of IBD is multifactorial, involving genetics, the immune system and environmental factors, such as diet, drugs and stress. Pfaffia paniculata is an adaptogenic medicinal plant used in Brazilian folk medicine as an anti-stress agent. Thus, we hypothesised that the P. paniculata enhances the response of animals subjected to colonic inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of P. paniculata in rats before or after induction of intestinal inflammation using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). The animals were divided into groups that received the vehicle, prednisolone or P. paniculata extract daily starting 14days before or 7days after TNBS induction. At the end of the procedure, the animals were killed and their colons were assessed for the macroscopic damage score (MDS), extent of the lesion (EL) and weight/length ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and glutathione (GSH), cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Histological evaluation and ultrastructural analysis of the colonic samples were performed. Treatment with the 200mg/kg dose on the curative schedule was able to reduce the MDS and the EL. In addition, MPO activity was reduced, GSH levels were maintained, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CRP were decreased. In conclusion, the protective effect of P. paniculata was related to reduced oxidative stress and CRP colonic levels, and due to immunomodulatory activity as evidenced by reduced levels of IL-1β, INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-6.

Determinação das temperaturas cardeais para a germinação de sementes de Murraya paniculata L. Jack. (Rutaceae)

A Murraya paniculata, é conhecida popularmente como murta-de-cheiro ou falsamurta, pertence à família Rutaceae e é uma espécie nativa da Índia que foi introduzida no Brasil. Essa espécie é utilizada na arborização de ruas e em jardins das cidades graças à copa densa e sua resistência a condições adversas. Pode ser utilizada também para formação de cerca vivas e, sua madeira branca tem alta durabilidade podendo ser utilizada em marcenarias. Na Ásia, esta espécie é considerada medicinal e as folhas e raízes são utilizadas para o tratamento de problemas intestinais, de reumatismo e tosse. Do ponto de vista químico, esta espécie acumula principalmente cumarinas e flavonóides, além de derivados do ácido cinâmico e alcalóides. No presente trabalho propomos determinar as temperaturas cardeais para a germinação de sementes de Murraya paniculata, além disso, analisamos a influência do teor de água na germinação para determinar se as sementes são recalcitrantes ou ortodoxas, e a influencia do potencial hídrico induzido por polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000). O aprofundamento dos estudos dessa espécie se faz importante por conta desta ser hospedeira alternativa do psilídeo Diaphorina citri, transmissor do ―greening‖ dos citros, doença que diminuiu a produção de citros nos últimos anos

Capacitación para la producción sustentable de Cultivos florales para corte en Córdoba: Eustoma glandiflorum y Gypsophila Paniculata L.

La floricultura en Argentina data de principios del siglo XX, con un crecimiento notable año a año, movilizando grandes volúmenes de flores para corte y con una demanda insatisfecha.Desde la Cátedra de Floricultura se trabaja desde hace más de 15 años en proyectos de investigación, docencia, capacitación, extensión. Es allí donde se identifica la oportunidad de diferentes producciones de flores. Nuestra facultad tiene como objetivo promover la vinculación de la Facultad con el medio productivo e instituciones públicas en la implementación de alternativas agropecuarias sustentables e innovadoras, por un lado recepcionar inquietudes y problemas del medio vinculadas con su actividad específica, ofreciendo su contribución a la búsqueda de soluciones y por otro, proponer ideas y alternativas identificadas como de potencial interés. Así es que para el grupo de productores de Córdoba resulta sumamente importante conocer cuáles son los cultivos que mejor se adaptan a su zona. Es decir que puedan desarrollarse productivamente y que sean económicamente rentables.Por otra parte entendemos que las diferentes universidades son quienes tienen un efecto multiplicador al capacitarse y poder formar a los futuros profesionales en dicha temática, es por eso que la Licenciatura en Administración Agraria es un receptor multiplicador de nuestras capacitaciones en la temática. Como también lo es la escuela IPM 231, la comercializadora de flores y la Tecnicatura en Floricultura y Jardinería de la FCA-UNC de reciente inauguración.La posibilidad de que los profesionales de nuestro equipo puedan brindar capacitación y transferir todos los conocimientos producto de diferentes investigaciones, le permitirá al sector conocer cómo desarrollar cultivos que se adaptan con una buena productividad en la Provincia de Córdoba.