Descripción de Thelastoma domesticus sp. nov. (Oxyurida, Thelastomatidae) parásita de ninfas Periplaneta americana (Blattodea, Blattidae) en Argentina

Thelastoma domesticus sp. nov. se halló parasitando a ninfas de Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) en la ciudad de La Plata, Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en el presente trabajo se describe e ilustra. Esta especie nueva se caracteriza por tener en la boca un estoma simple de paredes gruesas, fuertemente cuticularizada formando tres pares de nodulos en dos filas, sin dientes, el poro excretor es posterior, se ubica al comienzo del intestino, el macho presenta una distribución particular de las papilas genitales: un par grande de papilas preanales y tres pares posanales agrupadas, de las cuales el segundo par se encuentra desplazado lateralmente, configurando así con las otras papilas posanales un círculo.

Mortalidade de Blattella germanica (L. 1767) (Blattodea: blattellidae) sob diferentes áreas e períodos de exposição a diferentes inseticidas

The great importance of cockroaches as household pest have been on their ability to spread microorganisms harmful to humans and animals. Rest during the day in dark, humid and hot as sewerage. At night go into stores and kitchens or places to deposit and manipulation of food as bakeries, restaurants, hospitals and homes wich requires clinig operations. This work aimed to evaluate mortality of B. germanica ( L., 1767) ( Blattodea: Blattellidae) under different periods and exposure area treated by insecticides in laboratory. The tests were carried out at Department of Fitossanidade at UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. The insecticides were applied by Potter's tower sprayer on Petri dishes. Three times of exposure (2, 8 and 32 min) and four exposure areas ( 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and volume of 0,5 ml for the second experiment were tested. It was used the insecticides Pyrethroids gammacyalothrine, deltamethrine, lambdacialothrine, alfacipermethrine, cipermethrine and carbamates bendiocarb, in the dosages recommended by the manufacturers, and I was used control without application. Five adult cockroaches was confined in the dishes for both experiments. The mortality evaluation was done 0, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after of the confinement on the treated surface. It was concluded that for exposure duration experiment all the insecticides have a good efficiency. The exposure area experiment the insecticide cipermethrine was what the one which had the higher mortality. Regarding to the effect of exposure duration on the accumulated mortality every duration times had a high mortality. In relation to the exposure area the highest mortality reached to 100% of treated area.

Efeito de inseticidas , superfícies tratadas e período de exposição em duas populações de Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Blattodea: Blattellidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Controle de populações de Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae) utilizando inseticida químico ou biológico

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Aoruroides queenslandensis n. sp (Oxyurida : Thelastomatoidea), a new nematode from Australian Panesthiinae (Blattodea : Blaberidae)

A new thelastomatid, Aoruroides queenslandensis, is described from two native Australian cockroaches, Panesthia tryoni tryoni Shaw and P. cribrata Saussure, from sub-tropical rainforest in south-eastern Queensland. Species of Aoruroides Travassos & Kloss, 1958 have previously been reported from cockroaches found in Brazil and the Philippines, but A. queenslandensis n. sp. is the first species of this genus found in Australia. The new species differs from the other members of Aoruroides principally in the position of the nerve-ring and egg morphology.

The Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda : Oxyurida) of two sympatric Panesthiinae (Insecta : Blattodea) from southeastern Queensland, Australia: taxonomy, species richness and host specificity

The thelastomatoid fauna of two species of wood-burrowing cockroach (Blattodea, Blaberidae), Panesthia cribrata and Panesthia tryoni tryoni, from Lamington National Park, Australia, is described. The following eight new species and three new genera of thelastomatid are proposed: Bilobostoma exerovulva n. g., n. sp.; Cordonicola gibsoni n. sp.; Coronostoma australiae n. sp.; Desmicola ornata n. sp.; Hammerschmidtiella hochi n. sp.; Malaspinanema goateri n. g., n. sp.; Travassosinema jaidenae n. sp.; and Tsuganema cribratum n. g., n. sp. Additional data are given for Blattophila sphaerolaima and Leidynemella fusiformis. Of the 11 species reported, nine were found in P. cribrata and ten in P. tryoni tryoni. Such levels of thelastomatoid species richnessness in single host species are exceptional. Only the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa africana (23), and the domestic cockroach, Periplaneta americana (20), have higher reported richness. Three species, T jaidenae, C. australiae and D. ornata, were found either exclusively or significantly more prevalently in P tryoni tryoni than in R cribrata. Species of Travassosinema, Coronostoma and Desmicola have been found previously only in millipedes (Diplopoda), a fact that suggests that there is a greater degree of niche overlap between R tryoni tryoni and millipedes than for R cribrata.

Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in the Azores : Lessons After 2 yr of Monitoring in the Archipelago

The dispersal flights of West Indian drywood termite, Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) were surveyed in the major cities of Azores. The sampling device used to estimate termite density consisted of a yellow adhesive trap (size 45 by 24 cm), placed with an artificial or natural light source in a dark attic environment. In addition, data from two other projects were used to improve the knowledge about the geographical distribution of the species. The level of infestation in the two main Azorean towns differed, with high levels in the houses of Angra do Heroísmo, whereas in Ponta Delgada, there are fewer houses with high levels of infestation. The infestation in Ponta Delgada shows a pattern of spreading from the center outward to the city's periphery, whereas in Angra do Heroísmo, there was a pattern of spreading outward from several foci. The heavy infestation observed in Angra do Heroísmo and the clear increase of infestation levels observed from 2010 to 2011 is a reason for concern and calls for an urgent application of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) control strategy.

Seasonality of insects in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil

Insects are essential to tropical ecosystems functioning. In semi-arid regions, the increase in abundance and/or activity (e.g. reproduction and foraging behavior) of insects is usually associated with climatic variables. The present study investigates which climatic variables are best predictors of insect abundance in an area of Caatinga in northeastern Brazil. Individuals were sampled for 24 months using Malaise and pitfall traps, and beating trays. A total of 58925 individuals belonging to 20 insect orders were collected. The most abundant orders were Hymenoptera, Diptera, Collembola and Coleoptera. Most orders studied showed a clear maximum abundance in the rainy season. Rainfall and humidity were the best predictors of insect abundance in the Caatinga. However, no climatic variable could explain Psocoptera and Blattodea variance in abundance/activity. Our results suggest that climatic changes associated with rainfall patterns in the Caatinga may affect ecosystem processes and services that depend direct or indirectly on insect abundance/activity.

Macrofauna edáfica associada a plantas de cobertura em plantio direto em um Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a macrofauna edáfica e avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura em plantio direto, nos principais grupos da macrofauna do solo, em duas épocas de avaliação em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos (plantas de cobertura) e quatro repetições. As plantas de cobertura: Crotalaria juncea, guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes guianensis, Brachiaria brizantha, B. brizantha consorciada com milho (Zea mays), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), mombaça (Panicum maximum) e Sorghum bicolor foram cultivadas de novembro a abril. Em setembro de cada ano, foi realizado o plantio de feijão, em cultivo irrigado por pivô central. A área útil em cada parcela foi de 60 m². Amostras de solo na forma de monólitos (25x25 cm) foram retiradas aleatoriamente em cada parcela, para contagem da macrofauna, às profundidades de 0-10 cm e 10-20 cm, em abril e em setembro de 2005. Os grupos taxonômicos, identificados em ordem decrescente de densidade relativa, são: Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Dermaptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Miriapoda, Isoptera, Araneae, Lepidoptera, Blattodea e larvas de Diptera. Crotalaria juncea apresentou maior densidade de macrofauna, seguida por B. Brizantha, B. Brizantha consorciada com milho, Sorghum bicolor, Stylosanthes guianensis, Cajanus Cajans, Pennisetum Glaucum e Panicum maximum. O uso das plantas de cobertura, associado à irrigação na avaliação de setembro, favorece a colonização do solo pela macrofauna.

Soil macrofauna under integrated crop-livestock systems in a Brazilian Cerrado Ferralsol

The objective of this work was to assess the effects of integrated crop-livestock systems, associated with two tillage and two fertilization regimes, on the abundance and diversity of the soil macrofauna. Four different management systems were studied: continuous pasture (mixed grass); continuous crop; two crop-livestock rotations (crop/pasture and pasture/crop); and native Cerrado as a control. Macrofauna was sampled using a modified Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility method, and all individuals were counted and identified at the morphospecies level for each plot. A total of 194 morphospecies were found, distributed among 30 groups, and the most representative in decreasing order of density were: Isoptera, Coleoptera larvae, Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Coleoptera adult, Diplopoda, Hemiptera, Diptera larvae, Arachnida, Chilopoda, Lepidoptera, Gasteropoda, Blattodea and Orthoptera. Soil management systems and tillage regimes affected the structure of soil macrofauna, and integrated crop-livestock systems, associated with no-tillage, especially with grass/legume species associations, had more favorable conditions for the development of "soil engineers" compared with continuous pasture or arable crops. Soil macrofauna density and diversity, assessed at morphospecies level, are effective data to measure the impact of land use in Cerrado soils.

Variação temporal da riqueza de táxons, abundância e biomassa de artrópodes em ambiente de restinga do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Arthropods are abundant organisms possess great wealth and diversity representing about 82% of all known animal species. Contribute as a source of biomass and their abundance is an indicator of ecological change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomass and abundance found in the salt marsh environment throughout the year and relate them to the climatic factors (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) that can influence the abundance and biomass of arthropods. The study was conducted at the Centro de Lançamento de Foguetes Barreira do Inferno, city of Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, in the period February 2011 to January 2012, using pitfall traps, stationary window and beating tray. Among the 26 orders found, the most abundant were: Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae. Taxa Hymenoptera, Blattodea and Orthoptera showed higher biomass volume. Climatic factors did not influence the fall of Arthropods in the traps, however, the lowest abundance during the rainy season the action of raindrops, reduced the activity of these arthropods on vegetation, reducing its capture in traps (pitfall traps and stationary window ) and method of collection(entomological umbrella)

Padrões da dieta de Thoropa taophora (Anura, Cycloramphidae) no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo

As ilhas do litoral do estado de São Paulo estão isoladas desde o final do Pleistoceno, depois da última elevação do nível do mar (cerca de 10.000 anos). Elas apresentam condições diferentes do que as do continente, como por exemplo, a disponibilidade de recursos e pressão de predação. Os anfíbios apresentam pele permeável e assim, de modo geral, são intolerantes à salinidade do mar. Desta forma, as populações de anfíbios insulares podem apresentar variações em comportamentos em relação às populações do continente. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e comparar os hábitos alimentares das populações insulares e continentais de Thoropa taophora, uma espécie endêmica da Mata Atlântica que ocorre em costões rochosos e riachos. Neste estudo, utilizamos os espécimes adultos da coleção de Anfíbios do Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro (CFBH), provenientes de duas localidades no continente (Barra do Una e praia de Toque-Toque, município de São Sebastião, SP); e de sete Ilhas do litoral do Estado de São Paulo (Ilha dos Gatos, Ilha de Toque-Toque Grande, Ilha do Prumirim, Ilha Redonda, Ilha de Porcos Pequena, Ilha das Couves e Ilha das Ilhas). Em laboratório, foram medidos a massa corpórea (MC), o comprimento rostro-cloacal (CRC), e a largura da cabeça (LC) de cada indivíduo. O conteúdo estomacal e intestinal foi analisado qualitativa e quantitativamente. Para todas as populações de T. taophora, Formicidae foi o item alimentar mais consumido. Outras categorias como Coleoptera, Araneae e Blattodea também foram representativas. Não houve diferença na riqueza de presas entre as populações de T. taophora. Machos de todas as populações comeram mais formigas do que as fêmeas, no entanto não houve diferença entre a riqueza de presas entre machos e fêmeas. Este estudo foi pioneiro para entender quais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

New Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda : Oxyurida) from Australian burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae : Geoscapheinae, Panesthiinae)

Four new species and two new genera of thelastomatoid are described from several species of Australian burrowing cockroaches (Blattodea: Panesthiinae; Geoscapheinae). Corpicracens munozae n. g., n. sp., Pseudodesmicola botti n. g., n. sp. and Cephalobellus nolani n. sp. are described from Geoscapheus dilatatus (Blattodea: Geoscapheinae) from Mendooran, New South Wales; one new thelastomatid, Blattophila praelongicauda n. sp., is described from Panesthia cribrata from Lamington National Park, Queensland. Corpicracens munozae n. g., n. sp. is long and slender, with a monodelphic female reproductive system, a clavate corpus with a slight posterior pseudobulb, oval eggs flattened at the poles, and a relatively robust, subulate tail. Pseudodesmicola botti n. g., n. sp. is slightly more robust in body, also has a monodelphic reproductive system, a cylindrical corpus with a posterior pseudobulb, ovoid eggs and a very long, subulate tail. Cephalobellus nolani n. sp. is distinguished from other members of the genus by its relatively short and broad body and egg shape. Lastly, Blattophila praelongicauda n. sp. is distinguished from other members of the genus by having eggs with a single, polar operculum, tail length, and position of the vulva, nerve ring and excretory pore. An additional species, known by a single specimen from Panesthia tryoni tryoni from the same locality is characterised but not named. The species found are all relatively rare parasites of Australian burrowing cockroaches, each having a prevalence of less than 10%.