Interactions of Bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticides and the predatory stink bug Podisus nigrispinus to control Plutella xylostella

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Preliminary screening of the larvicidal effect of Brevibacillus laterosporus strains against the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala(Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

AbstractINTRODUCTION: This study evaluated whether different strains of Brevibacillus laterosporus could be used to control larvae of the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala , a pest that affects both human and animal health.METHODS:Mortality rates were recorded after 1-mL suspensions of sporulated cells of 14 different strains of B. laterosporus were added to 2.5g of premixed diet consisting of rotting ground beef fed to first instar larvae of C. megacephala . All bioassays were performed using 10 larvae per strain, with a minimum of three replicates for each bioassay. Larval mortality was recorded daily up to seven days.RESULTS:Strains Bon 707, IGM 16-92, and Shi 3 showed the highest toxicity toward the larvae producing 70.5%, 64.5%, and 51.6% of larval mortality, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, strains NRS 1642, NRS 661, NRS 590 BL 856, NRS 342, ATCC 6457, Bon 712, and NRS 1247 showed limited or no pathogenic activity against the target larvae.CONCLUSIONS:Our preliminary data indicated that B. laterosporus could be used to develop bioinsecticides against C. megacephala .

Promise for plant pest control: root-associated pseudomonads with insecticidal activities.

Insects are an important and probably the most challenging pest to control in agriculture, in particular when they feed on belowground parts of plants. The application of synthetic pesticides is problematic owing to side effects on the environment, concerns for public health and the rapid development of resistance. Entomopathogenic bacteria, notably Bacillus thuringiensis and Photorhabdus/Xenorhabdus species, are promising alternatives to chemical insecticides, for they are able to efficiently kill insects and are considered to be environmentally sound and harmless to mammals. However, they have the handicap of showing limited environmental persistence or of depending on a nematode vector for insect infection. Intriguingly, certain strains of plant root-colonizing Pseudomonas bacteria display insect pathogenicity and thus could be formulated to extend the present range of bioinsecticides for protection of plants against root-feeding insects. These entomopathogenic pseudomonads belong to a group of plant-beneficial rhizobacteria that have the remarkable ability to suppress soil-borne plant pathogens, promote plant growth, and induce systemic plant defenses. Here we review for the first time the current knowledge about the occurrence and the molecular basis of insecticidal activity in pseudomonads with an emphasis on plant-beneficial and prominent pathogenic species. We discuss how this fascinating Pseudomonas trait may be exploited for novel root-based approaches to insect control in an integrated pest management framework.

Molecular biology of baculovirus and its use in biological control in Brazil

Baculoviruses are insect viruses found mainly in Lepidoptera. The family Baculoviridae is taxonomically divided in two genera, Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus, which differ by occlusion body morphology. NPVs (Nucleopolyhedroviruses) have polyhedrical inclusion bodies (PIBs) containing multiple viral particles, while GVs (Granuloviruses) appear to be generally single particles occluded in oval shaped occlusion bodies. During the life cycle, two different viral progenies are produced: BV (Budded Virus) and PDV (Polyhedra Derived Virus), which are essential for the infectious process and virus propagation in host cells. Baculoviruses are being used for pest control and they are especially safe due to their specificity and invertebrate-restricted host range. Baculoviruses have been used as vectors for high level protein expression ofheterologous genes from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Also, recombinant DNA techniques have allowed the production of genetically modified viral insecticides. This study is a review on the taxonomy, structure, replication and molecular biology of baculoviruses, as well as their use as bioinsecticides in Brazil.

Atividade tóxica de isolados de Bacillus Thuringiensis a larvas de Aedes Aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Variabilidade populacional de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) e suscetibilidade a Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Seleção de surfactantes e fotoprotetores para a formulação de Beauveria bassiana visando o controle de Dactylopius opuntiae em palma forrageira

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação de produtos comerciais de fungos entomopatogênicos no controle do psilídeo-de-concha glycaspis brimblecombei (hemiptera: psyllidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização e patogenicidade de fungos entomopatogênicos isolados do percevejo-bronzeado do eucalipto, Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Obtenção de bioinseticida a partir de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis e aplicação de bioensaios em culicídeos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Predição in vitro da atividade tóxica de isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner e efeito sinergístico no controle de larvas de Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Identificação e caracterização de um gene cry recombinante de Bacillus thuringiensis var. londrina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Compatibilidade entre produtos químicos e biológicos à base de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner no controle de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Comparative Studies of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Metabolism in Different Concentrations of Cassava Flour Processing Waste Based Media

Techniques of production of enthomopatogenic bacteria are developed aiming to increase the productivity and to reduce the costs of the fermentative process. Like this, it has been using agroindustrial wastes or by-products as nutrient sources in culture medium, having been used, in this study, the manipueira, a by-product of the processing of the cassava flour. Fermentations were performed in flasks of Erlenmeyer of 500 mL containing 250 mL of culture media, conditioned in shaker at 180 r.p.m. and 28°C, and the media were composed by manipueira, in concentrations that varied between 400 and 1000 mL/L. The time of the process varied between 48 and 120 hours. They appraised the following parameters: cellular growth, the production of spores, the reduction of organic matter (COD analysis) and the variation of reduction sugar. Although there was a proportional cellular growth to the manipueira concentration, the production of spores was similar in all the cases, at the end of the process, in spite of the smallest speed of production of the same ones in the highest concentrations. In relation to the variation of COD, it has, also, a percentile minor of reduction in the highest concentrations. In the analysis of variation of reduction sugars, the higher concentrations are the ones that they present larger slowness in the reduction of this.

Los bioinsecticidas de nim en el control de plagas de insectos en cultivos económicos : La Habana (Cuba)

En Cuba, la generalización del cultivo del Nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) y el uso de los bioinsecticidas producidos a partir de éste como apoyo al desarrollo de una agricultura sostenible y ecológica, trae consigo la necesidad de validar su efectividad biológica en una gama cada vez más amplia de plagas de interés agrícola. En el presente trabajo se demuestra que con el uso de los productos OleoNim 80 CE, NeoNim 60 CE, CubaNim T, CubaNim SM y FoliarNim HM es posible controlar con eficacia la acción nociva de plagas tales como Diaphania hyalinata (L.) en melón, Empoasca fabae (Harris) en poroto, Thrips palmi (Karny) en pepino en organopónico y bajo condiciones de cultivo protegido, y Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) en poroto y tomate. Las efectividades biológicas alcanzadas en estas experiencias, oscilaron entre 75 y 100 %, lo cual confirma la factibilidad del uso de estos bioinsecticidas insertados en el Manejo Integrado de Plagas para una agricultura sostenible.