An exploration into retrofitting cities with natural design elements - learning from the city of Berlin, Germany

Natural design features in the built environment or biophilic elements are emerging as a potential response to the challenges of climate change, urbanisation and population pressures which have invited issues such as rising urban heat island effect, rising pollution, increased congestion, among others. This concept of living cities was made popular by Professor Tim Beatley in his book titled ‘Biophilic Urbanism’. Evidence of biophilic urbanism can be seen in some cities from around the globe since decoupling environmental pressures from future development is a priority on many agendas. Berlin is an example of a modern economy that has adopted an ecological sustainable development approach to reduce environmental degradation while driving innovation and employment.

Wedding portrait of Adolf Wolff and Eva Nathan with guests; Berlin, Germany.

Back row against wall, left to right: Josef Molling, Margaret Molling nee Benjamin, Werner Wolff, Miss Hermann (called "Ferna", Peter Molling's governess), " Selma" (partially hidden, Anna Marianne/Berthold Nathan's cook), "Lisbeth" (Anna Marianne/Berthold's maid), Ilse Joachim, Ernst Joachim, Annemarie Nathan (3rd wife of Julius Nathan), Julius Nathan (brother of Berthold Nathan), Ernst Kallmes (son of Ceilchen nee Wolff, Helene's sister). Very tall against the wall: Max Benjamin (son of Helene). Third row, left to right: Mathilde Kaufmann nee Benjamin, Adolf Molling, Paul Nathan (son of Anna Marianne/Berthold), Marianne Rasmussen (daughter of Waldemar), Hildegard Weinberger (friend of bride), Herta Albrecht (friend of bride), Dr. Franz Gruenberg (friend of groom), Leonie Wolff nee Simon (wife of Werner Wolff), Lina Molling nee Marx (wife of Richard), Waldemar Benjamin-Rasmussen (son of Helene/David), Luzi's Husband, Minka Bernard nee Nathan (sister of Berthold Nathan), Richard Molling (brother of Claerchen), Albert Wolff (brothter of Moritz Wolff). Second row, seated, left to right: Helene Benjamin nee Wolff, Berthold Nathan, Anna Marianne Nathan nee Benjamin, bride Eva Wolff nee Nathan, groom Adolf Wolff, Claerchen Wolff nee Molling, Moritz Wolff, standing Luzi Rasmussen nee Gruen (wife of Waldemar). Front row, children on floor, left to right: Peter Molling, Elizabeth Benjamin-Rasmussen mar. Engel, Louis Peter Wolff, Helmut Benjamin Rasmussen (became Henry)

Catalogue of the type material of Neriidae (Diptera, Schizophora) in the collection of the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Germany

The Diptera collection of the Natural History Museum Berlin holds one of the most important collections of Neriidae. In this paper, the type specimens (holotypes, lectotypes, paratypes, paralectotypes, syntypes) of this historical collection are listed. 28 species-group taxa are dealt with. A lectotype designation is made for the species Brachantichir purpusianus Enderlein, 1922 in order to fix the identity of the name. Holotypes are recognized by monotypy of the species Chaetomeristes bullatus Enderlein, 1922; Chaetomeristes peruanus Enderlein, 1922; Derocephalus angusticollis Enderlein, 1922; Glyphidops limbatus Enderlein, 1922; Longina abdominalis Wiedemann, 1830; Loxozus clavicornis Enderlein, 1922; Oncopsia mexicana Enderlein, 1922; Paranerius fibulatus Enderlein, 1922; Telostylinus dahli Enderlein, 1922; Telostylus latibrachium Enderlein, 1922; and Telostylinus luridus Enderlein, 1922. Syntypes are labelled and listed for Brachantichir robusta Enderlein, 1922; Nerius terebratus Enderlein, 1922; Odontoloxozus punctulatus Enderlein, 1922; Telostylinus apicalis Enderlein, 1922; Telostylinus obscuratus Enderlein, 1922; and Telostylinus ornatipennis Enderlein, 1922. The account concludes with geographic and taxonomic summaries; an appendix listing the abbreviations, localities, and collectors cited in the text; and a bibliography. ((c) 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Berlin, Germany, 1920 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Kiessling's grosser plan von Berlin : mit Voroten und Völlständiger Stadt - u. Ringbahn. It was published by Alexius Kiessling in 1920. Scale 1:20,000. Covers a portion of Berlin, Germany. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 4 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, selected buildings, parks, ground cover, city districts, and more. Relief shown by spot heights.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Berlin, Germany, 1748 (Image 1 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville de Berlin : levé et dessiné par ordre et privilege privatif du Roy sous la direction du Marchall Comte de Schmettau, par Hildner approuvé par l'Academie Royale de Science â Berlin ; gravé sous la direction de G.F. Schmidt Graveur du Roy. It was published by l'Academie Royale de Science â Berlin in 1748. Scale [ca. 1:6,500]. Covers Berlin, Germany. This layer is image 1 of 4 total images of the four sheet source map, representing the northeast portion of the map. Map in French and German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 4 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, parks, cemeteries, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also view and inset engravings: Prospect du Stadt Berlin von Süden gegen Norden -- 1. Prospect des grossen Platzes von Opera Hausse 2. der Cathol. Kirche St. Hedwig 3. und einer Seite des Marggraff Henrich. Pallais -- Prospect der Neuen Schloss u Dohm Kirche -- Prospect des Neuen Königl. Printz Heinrich. Pallais den Opern Hausse gegen über.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Berlin, Germany, 1748 (Image 2 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville de Berlin : levé et dessiné par ordre et privilege privatif du Roy sous la direction du Marchall Comte de Schmettau, par Hildner approuvé par l'Academie Royale de Science â Berlin ; gravé sous la direction de G.F. Schmidt Graveur du Roy. It was published by l'Academie Royale de Science â Berlin in 1748. Scale [ca. 1:6,500]. Covers Berlin, Germany. This layer is image 2 of 4 total images of the four sheet source map, representing the southeast portion of the map. Map in French and German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 4 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, parks, cemeteries, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also view and inset engravings: Prospect du Stadt Berlin von Süden gegen Norden -- 1. Prospect des grossen Platzes von Opera Hausse 2. der Cathol. Kirche St. Hedwig 3. und einer Seite des Marggraff Henrich. Pallais -- Prospect der Neuen Schloss u Dohm Kirche -- Prospect des Neuen Königl. Printz Heinrich. Pallais den Opern Hausse gegen über.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Berlin, Germany, 1748 (Image 3 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville de Berlin : levé et dessiné par ordre et privilege privatif du Roy sous la direction du Marchall Comte de Schmettau, par Hildner approuvé par l'Academie Royale de Science â Berlin ; gravé sous la direction de G.F. Schmidt Graveur du Roy. It was published by l'Academie Royale de Science â Berlin in 1748. Scale [ca. 1:6,500]. Covers Berlin, Germany. This layer is image 3 of 4 total images of the four sheet source map, representing the northwest portion of the map. Map in French and German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 4 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, parks, cemeteries, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also view and inset engravings: Prospect du Stadt Berlin von Süden gegen Norden -- 1. Prospect des grossen Platzes von Opera Hausse 2. der Cathol. Kirche St. Hedwig 3. und einer Seite des Marggraff Henrich. Pallais -- Prospect der Neuen Schloss u Dohm Kirche -- Prospect des Neuen Königl. Printz Heinrich. Pallais den Opern Hausse gegen über.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Berlin, Germany, 1748 (Image 4 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de la ville de Berlin : levé et dessiné par ordre et privilege privatif du Roy sous la direction du Marchall Comte de Schmettau, par Hildner approuvé par l'Academie Royale de Science â Berlin ; gravé sous la direction de G.F. Schmidt Graveur du Roy. It was published by l'Academie Royale de Science â Berlin in 1748. Scale [ca. 1:6,500]. Covers Berlin, Germany. This layer is image 4 of 4 total images of the four sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. Map in French and German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 4 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification, parks, cemeteries, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also view and inset engravings: Prospect du Stadt Berlin von Süden gegen Norden -- 1. Prospect des grossen Platzes von Opera Hausse 2. der Cathol. Kirche St. Hedwig 3. und einer Seite des Marggraff Henrich. Pallais -- Prospect der Neuen Schloss u Dohm Kirche -- Prospect des Neuen Königl. Printz Heinrich. Pallais den Opern Hausse gegen über.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Berlin, Germany, 1895 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan von Berlin : mit sämtlichen Vororten und vollständiger Stadt- und Ringbahn, bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Julius Straube ; Geographisches Institut und Landkarten. It was published by Geographisches Institut und Landkarten-Verlag Jul. Straube in 1895. Scale 1:17,777. Covers Berlin, Germany. Map in German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 4 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, street railways, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, city districts, parks, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.