Micropropagation of Begonia and a study of genome stability in Begonia rex

The development of procedures and media for the micropropagation of B. rex are described. Media for the production of plantlets from a number of other Begonia hybrids are also provided. Growth analysis data is given for plants produced in vivo from leaf cuttings and in vitro from mature leaf petioles and immature leaves derived from singly and multiply recycled axenic plantlets. No significant difference was found in phenotype or quantitative vegetative characters for any of the populations assessed. The results presented from studies on the development of broad spectrum media for the propagation of a number of B. rex cultivars using axenic leaf explants on factorial combinations of hormones illustrate the major influence played by the genotype on explant response in vitro and suggest media on which a range of B. rex cultivars may be propagated. Procedures for in vitro irradiation and colchicine treatments to destabilize the B. rex genome have also been described. Variants produced from these treatments indicate the utility of in vitro procedures for the expression of induced somatic variation. Colour variants produced from irradiation treatment have been cultured and prove stable. Polyploids produced as variants from irradiation treatment have been subcultured but prove unstable. Media for the induction and proliferation of callus are outlined. The influence of callus subculture and aging on the stability of the B. rex genome is assessed by chromosomal analysis of cells, in vitro and in regenerants. The B. rex genome is destabilized in callus culture but attenuation of variation occurs on regeneration. Diploid cell lines are maintained in callus subcultures and supplementation of regenerative media with high cytokinin concentrations, casein hydrolysate or adenine failed to produce variants. Callus aging however resulted in the production of polyploids. The presence and expression of pre-existing somatic variation in B. rex pith and root tissue is assessed and polyploids have been produced from pith tissues cultured in vitro. The stability of the B. rex genome and the application of tissue culture to micropropagation and breeding of B. rex are discussed.

First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing stem rot disease of begonia (Begonia x elatior hort.) in Brazil

Lasiodiplodia theobromae was found causing stem rot on commercial production of Begonia x elatior in São Paulo, Brazil. Illustrations, morphological and molecular description are provided. Based on the morphology, this fungus was recognized as L. theobromae. However, L. theobromae has high similarity with other Lasiodiplodia species, some of which are not possible to be separated by morphological characters. Molecular identification of the fungus isolated from the infected tissues was conducted. The strain from begonia clustered with other isolates of L. theobromae. This is the first report of the occurrence of L. theobromae on B. elatior. © 2012 Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc.

Diversidade e prospecção de fungos endofíticos de Begonia spp. encontradas na Mata Atlântica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Begonia splendida C. Koch ß. Leopoldi und y. Knerkii : Zwei neue Schiefblatt-Blendlinge

anonym

Begonia rex (Blatt-Begonie)

Von A. Sliwa

Blüten : Begonia rex (weibl. Blüte ohne die Blütenblätter) - Aristolochia tricandata - Salvia patens - Aristolochia tricandata - Epidendrum ciliare

AR

Epidendrum ciliare - Begonia rex (weibl. Blüte ohne die Blütenblätter) - Aristolochia tricandata - Salvia patens

AR

Herbal medicines used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Arunachal Himalaya, northeast, India

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Medicinal plants have played an important role in treating and preventing a variety of diseases throughout the world. Khampti tribal people living in the far-flung Lohit district of the Eastern Arunachal Himalaya, India still depend on medicinal plants and most of them have a general knowledge of medicinal plants which are used for treating a variety of ailments. This survey was undertaken in Lohit district in order to inventory the medicinal plants used in folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Field investigations were conducted in seventeen remote villages of Lohit district starting from April 2002 to May 2004 through interviews among 251 key informants who were selected randomly during our household survey. To elucidate community domains and determine differences in indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants with anti-diabetic efficacy, we repeated our field survey starting from April 2008 to May 2010 with one hundred traditional healers locally called as ``Chau ya'' in Khampti of Lohit district. ``Chau ya'' traditional healers who know and use medicinal plants for treating diabetes mellitus were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: This study reports an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh reputed for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Forty-six plant species were identified in the study area to treat diabetes mellitus by the Khamptis ``Chau ya'' traditional healers. Comparative published literature survey analysis of this study with other ethnobotanical surveys of plants used traditionally in treating diabetes mellitus suggests that eleven plant species make claims of new reports on antidiabetic efficacy. These plant species are Begonia roxburghii, Calamus tenuis, Callicarpa arborea, Cuscuta reflexa, Dillenia indica, Diplazium esculentum, Lectuca gracilis, Millingtonia hortensis, Oxalis griffithii, Saccharum spontaneum, and Solanum viarum. Some of the plants reported in this study have an antidiabetic effect on rodent models but none have sufficient clinical evidence of effectiveness. Conclusions: The wide variety of medicinal plants that are used to treat diabetes mellitus in this area supports the importance of plants in the primary healthcare system of the rural people of Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh. The finding of new plant uses in the current study reveals the importance of the documentation of such ethnobotanical knowledge. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

中国原产秋海棠属植物的形态和解剖结构

作者回顾了秋海棠属植物的发现、命名和引种栽培历史，概述了对该属的分类、形态、解剖、染色体研究取得的进展．结合查阅文献、标本和野外考察、栽培、实验观察，论述了秋海棠科的形态特征、秋海棠属中国种的分组、分布和生态习性、生物学特性、栽培繁殖技术和组织培养技术．强调了保护秋海棠属濒危物种的紧迫性，本论文描述了作者亲自采集或引种栽培的33种2亚种、57号中国原产秋海棠属植物的形态和解剖学特征，分析了结构与功能的关系和不同特征对分类与鉴定的价值，提出了中国产秋海棠属6个组和秋海棠科3个属的演化趋势及相应的形态与解剖学证据，就秋海棠科在分类系统中的位置进行了讨论．本文的主要观察结果和论点如下： 1．首次报道本属成熟根的结构：四原型或五原型，木质部由厚壁细胞和放射状排列的导管组成． 2．茎中维管束环状排列，维管束之间有较宽的束间区．直立茎和花序梗的束间形成层向内产生硬化和木化的薄壁组织，将维管束连成封闭的环，但在直立茎和花序梗的节附近以及根状茎中维管束和束间区硬化程度弱，不形成硬化的封闭环．硬化封闭环是和茎的机械支持功能相联系的，节附近硬化程度弱则为离层的形成做准备，有的种除了轴维管束之外还有髓维管束． 3．茎、叶柄和中脉维管束的数目和分布在不同部位可有或大或小的变化，但对种的鉴定仍有一定价值，重要的是要注意选取具有可比性的相同部位．木质部和韧皮部的比例有时也表现出明显的种间差异． 4．叶片气孔只见于下表面，首次发现内环为4个副卫细胞的螺旋型气孔（已有报道的有不等细胞型和内环为3个副卫细胞的螺旋型）．在茎、叶柄和托叶背面气孔生于看上去类似皮孔而实际上由初生组织构成的特殊通气结构上．在本属植物叶片上表面的突出体和子房翅有排水器存在． 5．对各器官特别是叶片表面的毛状体、突出体进行了肉眼、放大镜和显微镜观察，描述了它们的形态和组织学特征，比较了一些种间毛状体组型的区别及鉴定价值． 6．植物体内含有草酸和草酸钙晶体，晶体以棱晶、沙晶和晶簇的形式存在于秋海棠属植物的大部分器官和组织中，在几个细胞相邻处聚集的球形晶簇只见于Sect.Coelocentrum和Sect.Diploclinium，可能表明二者有较密切的关系． 7．根据对子房的解剖研究并结合营养器官特征，认为原来划归Sect.Reichenheimia的B．wangii实际属于Sect. Diploclinium，确认原来没有子房形态描述的B. peltatifolia属于Sect.Diploclinium，B.villifolia属于Sect. Platycentrum。 8．首次较详细描述了花柱和子房中引导组织的分布和形状变化情况。 9．通过对子房结构和其中维管束数目与分布的观察，认为Sect. Platycentrum的2室子房由3个心皮组成，它可能是由3室子房进化而来的． 10.推测中国原产的本属各组的演化趋势如下： (Sect. Mezierea ) →Scct. Sphenanthera → Sect. Begonia → Sect. Reichenheimia ↘Sect. Coelocentrum →Sect. Diploclinium↘ Sect. Platycentrum 11.推测秋海棠科内的演化趋势可能是：Hillebrandia→Begonia→Symbegonia． 12.秋海棠科叶片具单生气孔的种多数只有单表皮，叶片具气孔组的种多数有复表皮．单生气孔和单表皮是较原始的性状，气孔组和复表皮是衍生性状．在10．所列的各组和11.所列的Hillebrandia中，这些性状的发生是和主要依据子房特征而提出的演化趋势基本一致的． 13.中国种的花粉和种子形态变化幅度较小，组间差异不明显．花粉和种子形态表明中国种总的进化程度在秋海棠属中偏低，但没有非洲种所显示的极端情形． 14.证实文献报道的种子萌发时种盖掀起、颈细胞沿胞间层裂开，这是减少种皮对萌发种胚阻力的高度适应机制． 15.作者赞同秋海棠科比四数木科进化程度高、两个科关系最为接近的看法，认为Melchior (1964)修订的Engler系统和Takhtajan(1987)的分类系统对秋海棠科位置的安排可能更接近于反映秋海棠科和其他科之间的系统关系．

Una experiencia innovadora con carácter interdisciplinar utilizando Maple y la plataforma e-learning en las Escuelas de Ingeniería.

Realizado en la Escuela Politécnica Superior, por 4 profesores del centro y dos colaboradores, para las Titulaciones de Ingeniería Técnica en Obras Públicas e Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Los objetivos principales han sido, por un lado, introducir al alumnado en los conocimientos fundamentales de las matemáticas y, por otro lado, incorporar el Campus Electrónico, de reciente creación en la Universidad de Burgos, como una nueva estrategia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En cuanto a la metodología empleada: se realizaron guías, programas y hojas de problemas; se elaboraron prácticas de matemáticas a modo de evaluación continua; se presentaron en un Congreso Internacional; se programaron cuestionarios con Scientific Notebook; se utilizó el campus electrónico para programar distintos foros y tutorías. En el curso 2004/2005 se pone en práctica en las clases y los resultados se tendrán que comparar con los siguientes años académicos.

CHARACTERIZATION of RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM STRAINS FROM BRAZIL USING MOLECULAR METHODS and PATHOGENICITY TESTS

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Controle biológico como componente do manejo integrado de doenças fúngicas em begônia

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV