33 resultados para Barbie


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A noção de beleza na infância e as práticas de embelezamento direcionadas às meninas foram analisadas a partir das dicas da Barbie, veiculadas no livro de Fabiane Ariello (2007). Nas orientações da boneca, encontramos materiais escritos e visuais que permitiram dimensionar as produções de significados para o que é ser bela e como tornar-se bela. Nelas, vislumbramos os trânsitos entre as condutas de cuidados estéticos e o consumo de bens e produtos da moda, em específico de serviços relacionados às aparências e de artefatos/objetos da indústria cosmética. Tais artefatos indicam um padrão de beleza que interfere na construção da identidade de gênero e na educação das meninas no período da infância.

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Cell-cell interactions during embryonic development are crucial in the co-ordination of growth, differentiation and maintenance of many different cell types. To achieve this co-ordination each cell must properly translate signals received from neighbouring cells, into spatially and temporally appropriate developmental responses. A surprisingly limited number of signal pathways are responsible for the differentiation of enormous variety of cell types. As a result, pathways are frequently 'reused' during development. Thus, in mammals the JAK/STAT pathway is required during early embryogenesis, mammary gland formation, hematopoiesis and, finally, plays a pivotal role in immune response. In the canonical way, the JAK/STAT pathway is represented by a transmembrane receptor associated with a Janus kinase (JAK), which upon stimulation by an extra-cellular ligand, phosphorylates itself, the receptor and, finally, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) molecules. Phosphorylated STATs dimerise and translocate to the nucleus where they activate transcription of target genes. The JAK/STAT pathway has been conserved throughout evolution, and all known components are present in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Besides hematopoietic and immunity functions, the pathway is also required during development for processes including embryonic segmentation, tracheal morphogenesis, posterior spiracle formation etc. This study describes Drosophila Ken&Barbie (Ken) as a selective regulator of JAK/STAT signalling. ken mutations identified in a screen for modulators of an eye overgrowth phenotype, caused by over-expression of the pathway ligand unpaired, also interact genetically with the pathway receptor domeless (dome) and the transcription factor stat92E. Over-expression of Ken can phenocopy developmental defects known to be caused by the loss of JAK/STAT signalling. These genetic interactions suggest that Ken may function as a negative regulator of the pathway. Ken has C-terminal Zn-finger domain, presumably for DNA binding, and N-terminal BTB/POZ domain, often found in transcriptional repressors. Using EGFP-fused construct expressed in vivo revealed nuclear accumulation of Ken. Therefore, it is proposed that Ken may act as a suppresser of STAT92E target genes. An in vitro assay, termed SELEX, determined that Ken specifically binds to a DNA sequence, with the essential for DNA recognition core overlapping that of STAT92E. This interesting observation suggests that not all STAT92E sites may also allow Ken binding. Strikingly, when effects of ectopic Ken on the expression of putative JAK/STAT pathway target genes were examined, only a subset of the genes tested, namely vvl, trh and kni, were down-regulated by Ken, whereas some others, such as eve and fj, appeared to be unresponsive. Further analysis of vvl, one of the genes susceptible to ectopic Ken, was undertaken. In the developing hindgut, expression of vvl is JAK/STAT pathway dependent, but remains repressed in the posterior spiracles, despite the stimulation of STAT92E by Upd in their primordia. Importantly, ken is also expressed in the developing posterior spiracles. Strikingly, up-regulation of vvl is observed in these tissues in ken mutant embryos. These imply that while ectopic Ken is sufficient to repress the expression of vvl in the hindgut, endogenous Ken is also necessary to prevent its activation in the posterior spiracles. It is therefore conceivable that ectopic vvl expression in the posterior spiracles of the ken mutants may be the result of de-repression of endogenous STAT92E activity. Another consequence of these observations is a fine balance that must exist between STAT92E and Ken activities. Apparently, endogenous level of Ken is sufficient to repress vvl, but not other, as yet unidentified, JAK/STAT pathway targets, whose presumable activation by STAT92E is required for posterior spiracle development as the embryos mutant for dome, the receptor of the pathway, show severe spiracle defects. These defects are also observed in the embryos mis-expressing Ken. Though it is possible that the posterior spiracle phenotype caused by higher levels of Ken results from a JAK/STAT pathway independent activity, it seems to be more likely that Ken acts in a dosage dependent manner, and extra Ken is able to further antagonise JAK/STAT pathway target genes. While STAT92E binding sites required for target gene expression have been poorly characterised, the existence of genome data allows the prediction of candidate STAT92E sites present in target genes promoters to be attempted. When a 6kb region containing the putative regulatory domains flanking the vvl locus are examined, only a single potential STAT92E binding site located 825bp upstream of the translational start can be detected. Strikingly, this site also includes a perfect Ken binding sequence. Such an in silico observation, though consistent with both Ken DNA binding assay in vitro and regulation of STAT92E target genes in vivo, however, requires further analysis. The JAK/STAT pathway is implicated in a variety of processes during embryonic and larval development as well as in imago. In each case, stimulation of the same transcription factor results in different developmental outcomes. While many potential mechanisms have been proposed and demonstrated to explain such pleiotropy, the present study indicates that Ken may represent another mechanism, with which signal transduction pathways are controlled. Ken selectively down-regulates a subset of potential target genes and so modifies the transcriptional profile generated by activated STAT92E - a mechanism, which may be partially responsible for differences in the morphogenetic processes elicited by JAK/STAT signalling during development.

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Resumen basado en el que aporta la revista.

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Continuación de un artículo publicado en Padres y Maestros n. 248. Se trata de una serie de propuestas de intervencón pedagógica que toma como punto de referencia la muñeca Barbie..

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„Intelligent, anpassungsfähig, verschwiegen und zuverlässig“ – so charakterisierte der Bundesnachrichtendienst seinen Agenten „ADLER“ in dessen Abschaltmeldung. rnEin halbes Jahr – von Mai bis Dezember 1966 – hatte „ADLER“ in Diensten des westdeutschen Auslandsnachrichtendienstes gestanden und seine Vorgesetzten für ein monatliches Salär von 500 DM mit Informationen über linksgerichtete Entwicklungstendenzen in Bolivien versorgt. rnBereits zwölf Jahre zuvor, im November 1954, war der deutsche Agent, der nun für den BND in Lateinamerika spionierte, vom Ständigen Militärgericht in Lyon aufgrund seiner während des Zweiten Weltkrieges begangenen Kriegsverbrechen in Abwesenheit zum Tode verurteilt worden. rnDoch Klaus Barbie, der sich in seiner Funktion als Gestapo-Offizier zwischen 1942 und 1944 am Mord hunderter Mitglieder der französischen Résistance schuldig gemacht hatte, war zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits „verschwunden“. Deutsche und französische Ermittlungsbehörden vermuteten ihn in Deutschland, dann wieder in Ägypten. Erst zu Beginn der siebziger Jahre wurde der in Bolivien lebende Geschäftsmann „Klaus Altmann“ als ehemaliger Gestapo-Chef von Lyon identifiziert. rnSchon damals stellten Serge und Beate Klarsfeld, die mit ihren Ermittlungen den „Fall Barbie“ über Nacht auf die Titelseiten der internationalen Presse katapultierten, die berechtigte Frage, wie es möglich war, dass der NS-Kriegsverbrecher nach 1945 nach Lateinamerika entkommen konnte. Sie nährten damit bereits existierende Gerüchte, der amerikanische Geheimdienst sei an der Protektion Barbies nicht unbeteiligt gewesen. Die Auslieferungsbemühungen verliefen zunächst im Sande. rnZu groß war die Unterstützung, die der NS-Verbrecher von Seiten bolivianischer Militärdiktaturen genoss. Erst 1983 sollte Barbie an Frankreich ausgewiesen und vor Gericht gestellt werden. Die Flut internationaler Presseartikel im Vorfeld des „Jahrhundert-Prozesses“, die eine Beziehung Barbies mit westlichen Geheimdiensten nahelegte, gab schließlich Anlass für einen Offenbarungseid. Aus Angst, Barbie könne vor Gericht für einen Skandal sorgen, flüchtete die US-Regierung nach vorne: Gestützt auf hunderte Seiten teils streng geheimer Dokumente der US-Armee konnte der im August 1983 von Seiten des US-Justizministeriums vorgelegte Untersuchungsbericht belegen, dass das Counter Intelligence Corps, der Heeresgeheimdienst der US-Armee, den NS-Täter im April 1947 als Informanten angeworben, ihn vor den französischen Ermittlern versteckt und ihn 1951 mit Hilfe einer geheimen „Rattenlinie“ unter dem Aliasnamen „Altmann“ aus Europa nach Bolivien geschleust hatte.rnDie vorliegende Dissertation rekapituliert erstmals vollständig die Beziehungen zwischen Barbie und westlichen Geheimdiensten nach 1945 auf Basis des mittlerweile zugänglichen Aktenmaterials in deutschen, französischen, britischen, bolivianischen und US-amerikanischen Archiven. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Analyse der einzelnen Faktoren, die die Rekrutierung von NS-Tätern durch westliche Nachrichtendienste nach 1945 begünstigten. rn rn

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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica

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The seeds of Theobroma cacao (cacao) are the source of cocoa, the raw material for the multi-billion dollar chocolate industry. Cacao`s two most important traits are its unique seed storage triglyceride (cocoa butter) and the flavor of its fermented beans (chocolate). The genome of T. cacao is being sequenced, and to expand the utility of the genome sequence to the improvement of cacao, we are evaluating Theobroma grandiflorum, the closest economically important species of Theobroma for its potential use in a comparative genomic study. T. grandiflorum differs from cacao in important agronomic traits such as flavor of the fermented beans, disease resistance to witches` broom and abscission of mature fruits. By comparing genomic sequences and analyzing viable inter-specific hybrids, we hope to identify the key genes that regulate cacao`s most important traits. We have investigated the utility in T. grandiflorum of three types of markers (microsatellite markers, single-strand conformational polymorphism markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers) developed in cacao. Through sequencing of amplicons of 12 diverse individuals of both cacao and T. grandiflorum, we have identified new intra- and inter-specific SNPs. Two markers which had no overlap of alleles between the species were used to genotype putative inter-specific hybrid seedlings. Sequence conservation was significant and species-specific differences numerous enough to suggest that comparative genomics of T. grandiflorum and T. cacao will be useful in elucidating the genetic differences that lead to a variety of important agronomic trait differences.

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OBJETIVO: Validar, adaptar e aferir a fidedignidade do Inventário de Depressão Maior (Major Depression Inventory - MDI) para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: O questionário passou pelo processo de adaptação transcultural. Foi realizado um pré-teste para avaliar sua aplicabilidade. Para avaliação de reprodutibilidade, utilizou-se medida repetida com intervalo de 1 a 2 semanas e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. O MDI e a escala de Hamilton foram aplicados em 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de depressão, que foram pareados com 90 controles aos quais foi aplicado o MDI. A curva ROC foi realizada com 120 pacientes e escore final do MDI. Para análise da validade interna, utilizou-se o alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Sensibilidade e especificidade foram 0,86 e 0,75, respectivamente, com escores 16/17. O alfa de Cronbach para a escala total foi 0,91. O coeficiente de Pearson entre o total do MDI e o total da escala de depressão de Hamilton foi 0,56. A análise fatorial revelou dois fatores: o primeiro explicava 53,9% da variação enquanto o segundo explicava somente 13,6%. A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi excelente (com coeficiente de correlação intraclasse variando de 0,50 e 0,93 para itens individuais e 0,90 para o escore total). CONCLUSÃO: As propriedades psicométricas do MDI se mostraram adequadas para aplicação na população brasileira, entretanto outros estudos se fazem necessários.

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En uno de los capítulos de Los Simpson, la pequeña Lisa compra, emocionada, la última versión de Stacy Malibú (el equivalente a nuestra Barbie). La novedad consiste en que después de 50 años de existencia, la muñeca habla. Pero para consternación de Lisa, el repertorio de frases es de lo más indignante: "Me encantaría que en la escuela enseñaran a ir de compras", "¡Vamos a hornear unas galletas para los chicos!" o "No me preguntes: sólo soy una chica (risita vacua)". Obviamente, la comprometida y concienciada Lisa no puede quedarse de brazos cruzados y pide a su madre que la lleve a la fábrica de Stacy Malibú para presentar sus quejas. La conversación entre ambas es enormemente reveladora: aunque Marge apoya a su hija e insiste en que siempre defienda sus ideas, considera que quizás está yendo más allá de lo razonable en su denuncia de que toda una generación de niñas se comportará como Stacy Malibú y la tomará como modelo y, finalmente, concluye en tono conciliador: "Yo tuve una Stacy Malibú de pequeña y no me ha pasado nada.¡Vamos a olvidarnos de estos problemas con un gran bol de helado de fresa!". La respuesta de Lisa no deja lugar a dudas; poniendo en funcionamiento a la muñeca y situándola frente a su madre, oímos a Stacy diciendo: "¡Vamos a olvidarnos de estos problemas con un gran bol de helado de fresa!". Huelgan los comentarios.

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En uno de los capítulos de Los Simpson, la pequeña Lisa compra, emocionada, la última versión de Stacy Malibú (el equivalente a nuestra Barbie). La novedad consiste en que después de 50 años de existencia, la muñeca habla. Pero para consternación de Lisa, el repertorio de frases es de lo más indignante: "Me encantaría que en la escuela enseñaran a ir de compras", "¡Vamos a hornear unas galletas para los chicos!" o "No me preguntes: sólo soy una chica (risita vacua)". Obviamente, la comprometida y concienciada Lisa no puede quedarse de brazos cruzados y pide a su madre que la lleve a la fábrica de Stacy Malibú para presentar sus quejas. La conversación entre ambas es enormemente reveladora: aunque Marge apoya a su hija e insiste en que siempre defienda sus ideas, considera que quizás está yendo más allá de lo razonable en su denuncia de que toda una generación de niñas se comportará como Stacy Malibú y la tomará como modelo y, finalmente, concluye en tono conciliador: "Yo tuve una Stacy Malibú de pequeña y no me ha pasado nada.¡Vamos a olvidarnos de estos problemas con un gran bol de helado de fresa!". La respuesta de Lisa no deja lugar a dudas; poniendo en funcionamiento a la muñeca y situándola frente a su madre, oímos a Stacy diciendo: "¡Vamos a olvidarnos de estos problemas con un gran bol de helado de fresa!". Huelgan los comentarios.

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En este trabajo académico se presentan los resultados de un estudio cualitativo-pragmático de una muestra de las transmisiones la Copa del Mundo de fútbol de 2010 realizadas por la televisión abierta colombiana. Se argumenta que las transmisiones deportivas (dentro de las cuales las transmisiones de fútbol son las más extendidas) deben ser entendidas como un género mediático y periodístico específico y, por tanto, deben ser analizadas desde criterios diferentes a otros productos tradicionales de la comunicación masiva.