Consideracoes sobre a aplicacao da geoestatistica a dados geoquimicos.

Deals with some common problems in structural analysis when calculating the experimental semi-variogram and fitting a semi-variogram model. Geochemical data were used and the following cases were studied: regular versus irregular sampling grade, presence of 'outliers' values, skew distributions due to a high variability of the data and estimation using a kriging procedure. -from English summary

Estudo da influencia do relevo nos dados de reflectancia da superficie do terreno atraves de imagens Landsat.

Presents a study of the spectral response of a specific vegetative cover under the same soil elevation angle, but in different classes of slope, through Landsat transparencies. The site located in the region of Presidente Prudente was studied through topo sheets to define the classes of slope. Densitometric readings were obtained of selected areas, representing the terrain reflectance in different relief conditions. The cluster analysis was used to classify the densitometric data according to the classes of slope. The map of classes of slope/reflectance of the terrain surface showed a high correlation, mainly for the classes A (0-10%) and B (10-20%). -from English summary

Obtencao e interpretacao de dados de Reflexao Sismica Superficial (Rasa) - exemplos e aplicacoes

Successful application of shallow seismic reflection method is related directly to the ability of the ground to transmit high-frequency seismic energy from a seismic source. The dominant frequencies of reflection data are in the range of 50 to 100 Hz and depend on the surface materials and water table. A spread of geophones send the siemsic signal to be recorded on a 12, 24 or 48 channel portable seismograph, using a single high-frequency geophone per channel. Although it is possible to find seismographs with display and processing unities, it is also possible to transfer digitalized data to a personal computer to be processed and interpreted by using specific programs. Some results of two recent field studies to specify the underground structure in the tidal flats area of Baie St. Paul (Quebec-Canada) and in glacial terrains, in the Waterloo (Ontario-Canada) region. -from English summary

Representacao grafica de dados multidimensionais com o auxilio de microcomputador

Software in BASIC (GWBASIC, version 2.0) and TURBO PASCAL (version 3.0) is presented for PC type microcomputers with the purpose of calculating the graphical method for multivariate data according to Andrews. Applying both softwares to data from the Irati Formation mesossaurides skull measures, in velocity and graphical quality, the TURBO PASCAL language performed better. -after English summary

Megaestruturacao pre-cambriana do territorio brasileiro baseada em dados geofisicos e geologicos

Crustal discontinuities may be seen as A-type collision sutures with triple junction arrays. Shear belts developed at the block borders due to oblique plate convergence. A consistent litho-structural zoning may be observed along the border zones of the blocks: the known high-grade terrains are exposed along the upper block border and pass to distal granite-greenstone terrains; in the lower block, granite-greenstone terrains form the older basement, and supracrustals occur as a metavolcano-sedimentary belt near or adjacent to the suture. This regional litho-structural framework may be related to diachronous collisions of sialic masses which lead to their amalgamation into an extensive continental mass. -from English summary

Degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca e da fração protéica da silagem de milho, do farelo de soja e do sorgo grão, em bovinos da raça nelore. Comparação com os dados obtidos pelo CNCPS

The nylon bag in situ degradation thecnique was employed to compare the data of the CNCPS to the ruminal degradability of the dry matter and crude protein in corn silage, soybean meal and sorghum grain, in four rumen fistulated Nellore steers, averaging 36 months of age and 520 kg of liveweight. A randomized complete block experimental design was used, where animals constituted the blocks. Two levels of concentrate, 18 and 39 %, were used in the diets. The forage used in the diets was corn silage and the concentrate ingredients were: soybean meal, cottonseed meal, corn grain and sorghum grain. There was a reduction in the potentially by degradable fraction (B) of the dry matter(DM) of the corn silage and sorghum grain with an increase in the concentrate level of the diet; however, the degradation rate(c) of the silage was similar for the two diets and the sorghum grain showed an increase of 28.4 %. The B fraction of the DM from the soybean meal was not affected by the diet, but its rate (c) was reduced by 18.1 %. The same effect was observed for the rate(c) of crude protein(CP) of the soybean meal, with a reduction of 38.1 %. The values for the effective degradability of the two fractions were not affected by the diet when the lag time was not considered. When lag time was considered, the degradability values of the studied feeds were superior in both fractions.

Revendo os códigos hamming e CRC para tratar com erros na transmissão de dados

This article has the purpose to review the main codes used to detect and correct errors in data communication specifically in the computer's network. The Hamming's code and the Ciclic Redundancy Code (CRC) are presented as the focus of this article as well as CRC hardware implementation. Each code is reviewed in details in order to fill the gaps in the literature and to make it accessible to the computer science and engineering students as well as to anyone who may be interested in learning the technique to treat error in data communication.

Segmentação de dados de perfilamento a laser em áreas urbanas utilizando uma abordagem Bayesiana

In this paper is presented a region-based methodology for Digital Elevation Model segmentation obtained from laser scanning data. The methodology is based on two sequential techniques, i.e., a recursive splitting technique using the quad tree structure followed by a region merging technique using the Markov Random Field model. The recursive splitting technique starts splitting the Digital Elevation Model into homogeneous regions. However, due to slight height differences in the Digital Elevation Model, region fragmentation can be relatively high. In order to minimize the fragmentation, a region merging technique based on the Markov Random Field model is applied to the previously segmented data. The resulting regions are firstly structured by using the so-called Region Adjacency Graph. Each node of the Region Adjacency Graph represents a region of the Digital Elevation Model segmented and two nodes have connectivity between them if corresponding regions share a common boundary. Next it is assumed that the random variable related to each node, follows the Markov Random Field model. This hypothesis allows the derivation of the posteriori probability distribution function whose solution is obtained by the Maximum a Posteriori estimation. Regions presenting high probability of similarity are merged. Experiments carried out with laser scanning data showed that the methodology allows to separate the objects in the Digital Elevation Model with a low amount of fragmentation.

Circulação recente de sedimentos costeiros nas praias de santos durante eventos de tempestades: Dados para a gestão de impactos físicos costeiros

The beachs of Santos are situated in Santos Bay, central portion of paulista coast, in São Paulo state. This beachs are frequently affected by cold fronts with winds and currents from the South. These fronts are responsible for the removal and transport of sediments (sand) in Santos beaches. In order to quantify this sedimentation the channels of Santos were analysed, due to their function as box colectors of sediments during storm events. The channels are filled by sands, which volume in channels 1 to 6 was estimated, by using the length, width and height of sand sedimented in the channels, in the event of 22-27 april 2005. The chanels 2, 3 and 1 presented the larger volumes of sands, confirming that the central and SW portion of the beaches of Santos present higher levels of sedimentation or re-sedimentation. That is due to the transport by ocean waves and currents and currents from the Channel of the Port of Santos. This central portion suffer invasion of marine water over street and buildings, caracterizated of geological rise area.