840 resultados para Bacia do Rio Pitimbu. Crescimento urbano. Modelagem urbana. Autômato Celular. Sleuth
Resumo:
The Pitimbu River Watershed (PRW), belonging to Potiguar capital metropolitan area, State of Rio Grande do Norte, contributes, among other purposes, to human using and animal watering. This watershed is extremely important because, besides filling up with freshwater approximately 30% of the south part of Natal (South, East and West Zones), contributes to the river shore ecosystem equilibrium. Face to the current conjuncture, this study aims to evaluate the urban development dynamics in the PRW, applying Cellular Automata as a modeling instrument, and to simulate future urban scenarios, between 2014 and 2033, using the simulation program SLEUTH. In the calibration phase, urban spots for 1 984, 1992, 2004 and 2013 years were used, with resolution from 100 meters. After the simulation, it was found a predominance of organic growth, expanding the BHRP from existing urban centers. The spontaneous growth occurred through the fullest extent of the watershed, however the probability of effective growth should not exceed 21%. It was observed that, there was a 68% increase for the period between 2014 and 2033, corresponding to an expansion area of 1,778 ha. For 2033, the source of Pitimbu River area and the Jiqui Lake surroundings will increase more than 78%. Finally, it was seen an exogenous urban growth tendency in the watershed (outside-in). As a result of this growth, hydraulics resources will become scarcer
Resumo:
The accelerated growth of urban regions have produced relevant effects on water resources. Urban regions need an adequate institutional structure that can be able to face environmental demands and the adverse effects of land use on water resources. This study aims at analysing land use effects on heavy metals concentration in sediments and water, as well as making a comparative analysis involving water physical-chemical parameters. Applied methodology included both in loco water parameters measurement and water and bed sediment sampling at 8 sections along the fluvial system. Sample analysis was performed in laboratory in order to measure heavy metal concentrations. It was measured metal concentrations of Al, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni and Zn. Once the samples were subjected to acid digestion (method 3050B), concentration values were measured by using atomic absorption spectrometry by flame (ICP-FLAA). The analysis results were compared with normative reference, these standards is intended to assess the risks of toxic substances in sediment and water management programs. The normative reference used in this work were: a) Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy (OMEE, 1993) b) Normative Netherlands (VROM, 2000); c) Normative Canadian (CCME, 1999); d) United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1977), e) CONAMA Resolution No. 344/2004; f) CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. The high concentrations of iron (38,750 mg.g-1), Lead (1100 mg.g-1), Nickel (100 μg.g-1) and zinc (180 μg.g-1) detected sediments confirm the state of degradation of the aquatic system. Iron concentrations (1.08 mg.L-1), Aluminum (0.6 mg.L-1) and phosphorus (0.05 mg.L-1) present in the water are outside the established standards for human consumption
Resumo:
The Pitimbu River Basin is concern reason, therefore this is one of the mains freshwater sources for the Natal city supplying. The Pitimbu waters river flow into Jiqui pond, as the main supplier of this, that supplies 16% of Natal population and there is a bigger importance despite the supplying of a parcel of Natal city made joining underground waters with the water proceeding from the Jiqui pond, being used for dilution waters of contaminated wells with nitrate. Even with the importance of the Pitimbu, there is a strong pressure of occupation of its edge according to a critical urban growth, becoming the situation worse and increasing the necessity of management of the use and occupation of the ground and keeping the control of the prompt pollution, as punctual as diffuse. There are many studies about Pitimbu River Basin, however they summarize themselves to some months or even in a few years. This work, that gathers these information, increasing the amplitude and making possible an evaluation of the attitude of the water in a period extended for an evaluation of values of variable quality of water referring to the standards, that usually happens about the variable frequency distribution, central tendency and measures of dispersion, as the coefficient of variation, coefficient of skewness and the coefficient of determination of certain variable on another one. This work to evaluates the quality conditions of the Pitimbu river waters by analyzing thirty five (35) variables Physical, chemical and biological in eight (8) points of water course since 1993 to 2007. Given this situation, all knowledge about the waters quality conditions obtained in this work, is a strong subsidy for management of use and ground occupation, considering the river basin as territorial unit of management, and as the water is public good domain, being a priority human use, It is necessary to guarantee to current and the future generations available water resources in appropriate standards of quality as the established standard and identifying possible reasons of pollution through statistics analysis
Resumo:
Urban centers in Pitimbu Watershed use significant groundwater sources for public supply. Therefore, studies in Dunas Barreiras aquifer are relevant to expand knowledge about it and help manage water resources in the region. An essential tool for this management is the numerical modeling of groundwater flow. In this work, we developed a groundwater flow model for Pitimbu Watershed, using the Visual Modflow, version 2.7.1., which uses finite difference method for solving the govern equation of the dynamics of groundwater flow. We carried out the numerical simulation of steady-state model for the entire region of the basin. The model was built in the geographical, geomorphological and hydrogeological study of the area, which defined the boundary conditions and the parameters required for the numerical calculation. Owing to unavailability of current data based on monitoring of the aquifer it was not possible to calibrate the model. However, the simulation results showed that the overall water balance approached zero, therefore satisfying the equation for the three-dimensional behavior of the head water in steady state. Variations in aquifer recharge data were made to verify the impact of this contribution on the water balance of the system, especially in the scenario in which recharge due to drains and sinks was removed. According to the results generated by Visual Modflow occurred significantly hydraulic head lowering, ranging from 16,4 to 82 feet of drawdown. With the results obtained, it can be said that modeling is performed as a valid tool for the management of water resources in Pitimbu River Basin, and to support new studies
Resumo:
Due to the increasing activities and its disordered occupation, the catchment of the Pitimbu river is reason of concern for the population, since the river empties in the lagoon of the Jiqui where 30% of the water of this lagoon are caught for the supplying the city of Natal, playing an important fuction in the supply of water superficial for the capital of the Rio Grande do Norte. The superior stretch of the hydrography catchment of the Pitimbu river - Macaba/RN, object of this study, is denoted by the eminently agricultural occupation with the use of the irrigated agriculture in the many properties that compose this stretch. Because of this becomes necessary to analyze the availability of the water resources in the catchment of the Pitimbu river, in the superior stretch, collating with the use and occupation of the existing terrain. The stretch in study was divided in eight points which had been performed tests throughout the water and analyzed the parameters physicist-chemistries and heavy metals that are praised by resolution CONAMA n 357 e, visits in field with photographic survey for characterization of this verifying the situation where if it finds the river. The stretch presented some divergence in the parameters of pH and iron, however the results denote a characteristic of the region. The great amount of slide barrages throughout the river and the wet street was observed, had also verified near the edges the launching of garbage and, the great amount of aquatic vegetation. With this it is concluded that the water of the river can be used for human supplying, therefore inside presents a quality of drinking waters of the standards demanded for resolution CONAMA n 357, in this way, the stretch in study could be adopted as an Envoiremental Area Protection (APA), to preserve and to guarantee, at least in this stretch, that its condition remains unchanged and continues to supply of permanent form a water of excellent quality
Resumo:
The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.
Resumo:
The uncontrolled growth of most Brazilian cities is not accompanied by the development of urban infrastructure. With increasing soil sealing, runoff and decreased infiltration volume, impacts on water resources and on population of the areas affected by urban growth are inevitable. This study aims to evaluate the use and occupation of a watershed and analyze the drainage system in order to control the impact using tools to integrate urban development with the drainage of rainwater in an important watershed in the Natal City, Rio Grande do Norte State. The study involved the characterization of the basin XII.4 on the land use and occupation, for the years 2005 and 2014. With the application of SWMM model was possible to analyze the impacts caused by the urbanization process in the existing drainage system, showing the two years analyzed have their areas very close to percentage saturation of impervious areas. Although the region is still predominantly single family residential, suffers increasing verticalization of mainly commercial buildings. The drainage system is inefficient for the area's needs by the year 2005. The drainage system was also tested for four variations of land use by developing scenarios. Scenario 1 is related to the year 2014, considered current. Scenario 2 was adopted the maximum rate of 80% for land use, allowed for the Natal City. Scenario 3 gives the critical condition of land use, with the area 100% impervious. Scenario 4 is applied to the existence of LID (Low Impact Device). The scenarios analysis showed that all indicate deficiency at some point of the drainage system as a result of the high degree of occupation of the area that generate higher flows than the initial drainage system capacity. With the study it became clear that the adoption of non-structural tools are effective in reducing flooding and improving the drainage system capacity.
Resumo:
Os problemas ambientais so cada vez mais comuns e de magnitudes e escalas variadas, atingindo principalmente as reas urbanas. Poluio atmosfrica e dos corpos dgua, deslizamentos de encostas e enchentes so alguns dessas situaes adversas. So Gonalo no foge regra. Localizada na Regio Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, essa cidade sofre com as situaes exemplificadas, principalmente em relao a degradao dos rios urbanos e as enchentes que acometem algumas reas do municpio. Partindo-se da problemtica exposta, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal promover uma discusso terica e reflexiva sobre a importncia da efetivao da educao ambiental com foco na bacia hidrogrfica urbana, tomando-se a bacia hidrogrfica do rio Imboass no municpio de So Gonalo (RJ), como recorte. A fundamentao metodolgica deste trabalho est pautada na anlise ambiental que prioriza a participao pblica e a educao ambiental no processo de planejamento e gesto, visando minimizar as diversas situaes de desequilbrio e degradao que acometem a bacia. A operacionalizao deu-se do seguinte modo: anlise inicial a partir da sistematizao de estudos diagnsticos e de consultas de documentos, relatrios, dentre outros de rgos governamentais; anlise intermediria a partir da observao em campo do atual estado de degradao da bacia hidrogrfica do rio Imboass e da identificao do conjunto de polticas pblicas vigentes; anlise integrada anlise dos estudos diagnsticos, anlise da situao atual da bacia (in loco e documental), anlise final com identificao de lacunas de gesto e propostas viveis no mbito da educao ambiental. Verificou-se que essa bacia est urbanizada e os rios que a compem descaracterizados e poludos, com histrico de enchentes. Falta de ordenamento urbano, degradao ambiental e descaso do poder pblico so alguns problemas enfrentados pelos moradores dessa bacia, resultando na falta de ordenamento territorial urbano e falta de qualidade de vida da populao. Diante do exposto, fica claro a necessidade de se criar mecanismos que amenizem essa degradao e tragam equilbrio ao funcionamento e dinmica da bacia, influenciando positivamente o dia-a-dia da populao residente em seu interior. Um eficiente caminho para promover essa mudana a educao ambiental como ferramenta para a transformao da sociedade, conscientizando-a de seu papel participativo e modificando a maneira como esta se relaciona com o meio ambiente. Verificou-se que na prtica, na bacia do Imboass, o poder pblico no efetiva os pressupostos presentes, tanto na legislao ambiental, quanto no plano diretor municipal e alguns rgos (CEDAE, INEA, SEMMA) no atuam de forma satisfatria. Logo, levantar a discusso da importncia da Educao Ambiental como poltica pblica a ser promovida pelos gestores municipais e apontar para a participao e atuao da sociedade de forma crtica na estruturao do espao urbano de extrema importncia para promover melhoria na relao sociedade meio ambiente.
Resumo:
possvel coexistncia cooperativa entre crescimento urbano e proteo ambiental? Partindo dessa indagao o estudo busca apreender e explicitar maneiras de pensar e agir, aes e intenes de atores sociais e institucionais diversos envolvidos em processos de interveno urbana em So Paulo. A anlise privilegia os contextos emergentes neste final de sculo na cidade (1983 - 1993): a emergncia da questo scio-ambiental (a pobreza moderna e o fim da natureza) e da transio democrtica (ampliao do espao pblico e busca da cidadania). Aborda a introduo da idia de Desenvolvimento Sustentado como base terica das intervenes no espao urbano, discute as mutaes da questo urbana e o florescimento de polticas pblicas scio-ambientais no espao urbano em So Paulo. A base emprica do estudo assenta-se na Regio Administrativa de Itaquera, enfocando o caso do Plo Industrial e Ecolgico de Itaquera. O argumento central que a percepo que atores diversos tem das mutaes no espao urbano e nas questes pblicas os influenciam na elaborao de instrumentos de interveno e gesto da cidade, a partir de critrios de desenvolvimento econmico e proteo ambiental.
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa o resultado de uma busca por representaes do fenmeno urbano que incorporem sua dinmica de crescimento e possibilitem visualizaes de suas transformaes internas e da influncia de seus componentes neste processo. Utiliza como ferramenta um modelo computacional de simulao de crescimento baseado em autômatos celulares estendidos, que incorporam as teorias de Potencial/Centralidade em um ambiente celular. Foi escolhida como estudo de caso a cidade de Santa Maria-RS e a diversidade de elementos que compe o sistema urbano foi sintetizada, com o auxilio de tcnicas de geoprocessamento, em atributos de input do modelo de natureza urbana, natural ou institucional. Aps a montagem do cenrio de simulao, que representou a cidade em um grid bidimensional de clulas de tamanho 285x285m, foi operada a calibrao do modelo para que o crescimento realizado correspondesse aos padres existentes na cidade, utilizando como base de comparao um intervalo de crescimento entre os anos de 1986 e 2002. Calibrado o modelo, foram realizadas simulaes testando possveis cenrios de crescimento futuro para um perodo de 30 anos, e a anlise dos resultados destes processamentos possibilitou especular sobre as propriedades e tendncias de crescimento da cidade de Santa Maria.
Resumo:
Urban growth of metropolitan areas has produced impacts of considerable importance on environment and water resources. Such impacts are in general associated with human activities, such as basin area uncontrolled development. In this context, Pitimbu river watershed, located at Natal metropolitan area, has been affected by uncontrolled development caused by urban expansion. Indeed, such effects have been reflected on water quantity and quality, which may produce social consequences. Pitimbu river is an important water supplier for human consumption, actually supplying a 2600 m3/h water discharge. This study aims to analyze the qualitative and quantitative aspects of water and sediment on Pitimbu river lowland portion. For this purpose, physical-chemical water properties were analyzed, and sediment macro invertebrates benthonic were monitored in two cross sections in a period between November 8th, 2007 and October 3rd, 2008. Monitoring methodology consisted of water and sediment sampling for laboratory analysis. Water quality analysis included Dissolved Oxygen, Oxygen Biochemical Demand, Nitrate, pH and Alkalinity, Suspended and Total Solids. The analysis of heavy metals in the sediment included Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Chrome, Silver and Nickel. Dry season water discharge data were measured and used to adjust recession function parameters, whose values reveal quick recession and strong river-aquifer unconfined interaction. Water quality analysis revealed the absence of degradation by organic composites. However, DO and BOD levels indicate that more consistent results could be provided if sampling time interval were reduced. Biomonitoring showed signs of aquatic ecosystem degradation by the absence of sensitive and abundance of resistant benthic organisms. Obtained results demonstrate the urgent need of effective management measures to provide environmental protection. The increase of environmental degradation will certainly make impracticable the use of water for human consumption
Resumo:
The Environmental Protection area sof Pitimbu river are important tools for planning and territorial land management. The Pitimbu river protection is aided in laws, so much of Federal stamp, as the Brazilian s Forest Code (Law No. 4771/1965), and in State s and City s Resolutions. So, this research begins in the State s Law No. 8426/2003interpretations, for being the most restrictive in the river's margin occupation and management. The objective is to analyze the applicability of the Environmental Protection areas of Pitimbu river, localized at the State of Rio Grande do Norte, considering environmental legislation and how to use this space by the man. Having specific goals for the discussion of the legislation s scope to this river; the identification of the types of soil s covering and evaluation the effectiveness of Law N.8426/2003, as protection instrument and land management. The river is characterized by its ecological importance and for feeding the Jiqui pond, an important reservoir that supplies 30% of drinking water to the east, west and south population sof the capital of the State. Pitimbu river is passing by a process of environmental degradation, originating from actions as deforestations of its ciliary forests by intensive agricultural practices; introduction of urban and industrial effluents leading to its contamination; increase of the pluvial drainage; erosion, sedimentation and discharge of urban waste , along with pressure for urban settlements along its banks. Under the methodological point of view is part of theoretical planning and land management research, and from a vision of social and environmental spaces. It was produced a survey map of the soil s covering, with 16 classes. Divided into coverage and disturbed natural covering. Using the 300 meters spatial limits of the Environmental Protection Strip, according to the State Law. The survey highlighted a higher percentage of classes disturbed, indicating man s interference in the balance of that system, as well as the lack of environmental actions. Leading to the degradation of riparian areas, and lack of conservation of water resources. Finally, it was considered that the strips of environmental protection are not effective as the preservation and territorial ordination
Resumo:
Ps-graduao em Geocincias e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa objetivou desenvolver um modelo estatstico de previso de vazo para Marab - PA, bem como avaliar a estrutura dinmica atmosfrica associada aos extremos do regime hidrolgico da bacia do rio Tocantins. O modelo hidrolgico de regresso linear mltipla utilizou as sries de observaes fluviomtricas e pluviomtricas obtidas no banco de dados da ANA. Os testes de validao do modelo estatstico com coeficiente de Nash acima de 0,9 e erro padro de 1,5 % e 5% nos perodos de cheia e estiagem, respectivamente, permitem que as previses de vazo em Marab possam ser geradas com antecedncia de 2 a 4 (3 a 5) dias para o perodo da cheia (estiagem). Atravs da tcnica de composies considerando todos os anos com registro de vazo acima/muito acima e abaixo/muito abaixo do normal, obtidos pela metodologia dos percentis, investigaram-se as caractersticas regionais da precipitao e a estrutura dinmica atmosfrica em cada ms (Novembro a Abril). As composies dos anos com vazo acima/muito acima mostraram que a precipitao sobre a bacia foi acima do normal em todos os meses, sendo que os padres de grande escala indicaram a configurao associada ao fenmeno La Nia no Pacfico e condies de resfriamento no Atlntico Sul; intensificao tanto do ramo ascendente zonal da clula de Walker como do ramo ascendente meridional da clula de Hadley; intensificao da Alta da Bolvia posicionada mais a leste e anomalias negativas de ROL associadas atuao conjunta da ZCAS e ZCIT. Inversamente, as composies dos anos com vazo abaixo/muito abaixo evidenciaram a predominncia de precipitao abaixo do normal em toda bacia hidrogrfica, a qual se associou com as condies de aquecimento (El Nio) sobre o Pacfico, Atlntico sul aquecido, clula de Walker e Hadley com enfraquecimento dos movimentos ascendentes, posicionamento da Alta da Bolvia mais a oeste com anomalias positivas de ROL indicando inibio da atividade convectiva tropical. Adicionalmente, uma anlise quantitativa dos impactos scio-econmicos sobre os principais ncleos da cidade de Marab revelou que aproximadamente 10 mil pessoas (5% da populao) so atingidas pela cheia do rio Tocantins com custos nas operaes de enchente acima de R$ 500.000,00, considerando o caso de 2005.
Resumo:
In most brazilian cities, urban growth has occurred without adequate planning. Consequently, portions of the city were being occupied, often areas unfit for use and occupation of land, causing risks to local residents and decline of urban environmental quality. One of the most frequent problems is the riverbank occupation, causing the deforestation of the riparian vegetation. Given the above, this paper aimed to map the urban sprawl of Rio Claro/SP, as well as riparian vegetation in the vicinity of Corumbata in the area including the urban area. For this purpose, GIS techniques were used in order to prepare the thematic map of urban expansion, as well as a map of the riparian vegetation through interpretation of aerial photographs in the environment of ARCGIS. From the maps, an analysis of Plano Diretor was made in order to verify if the current occupation of urban land meets the stipulations of this legal instrument
