Ativos ambientais: mecanismos de mercado a favor do meio ambiente

O presente trabalho visa analisar a ascensão das políticas públicas relacionadas ao meio ambiente no contexto internacional e nacional, e como a negociação de ativos ambientais como mecanismos de mercado contribuem para a implementação de tais políticas públicas de forma economicamente eficiente. Os principais pontos levantados são acerca da regulamentação dos ativos ambientais no Brasil, se estes devem ser enquadrados no conceito de valores mobiliários e consequentemente se devem ser analisados e/ou pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários.

Trade-induced technological change : analyzing economic and environmental outcomes

We analyze how changes in trade openness are related to induced technological innovations that are not only GDP increasing but also pollution saving. Our model includes by-products of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. We estimate a directional distance function for 76 countries over the period 1963-2000 to measure exogenous and trade-induced technological change. On average, we find substantial trade-induced technological progress, and its magnitude is about one third of the overall technological change. The trade-induced technological changes, however, are GDP reducing and pollution increasing. Empirically, we find that increased trade openness correlates to increased pollution.

Competition for aid and trade policy

This paper considers the optimal allocation of a given amount of foreign aid between two recipient countries. It is shown that, given consumer preferences, a country following a more restrictive trade policy would receive a smaller share of the aid if the donor country maximises its own welfare in allocating aid. If, on the other hand, the donor country allocates aid in order to maximize the sum of the welfare of the two recipient countries, the result is just the opposite. Finally, we analyze the situation where the recipient countries compete with each other for the given amount of aid. It is shown that this competition tends to lower the level of optimal tariffs in the recipient countries.

Welfare effects of aid under quantitative trade restrictions

The paper examines the effects of tied-aid on the welfare of both the donor and the recipient countries. We depart from the previous literature by assuming preexistence of quantitative trade distortions. To mitigate these distortions the donor country provides aid that is tied to the rationed good. Conditions for the presence of the transfer paradox and of the enrichment of both countries are derived and interpreted under the stability of the system. Furthermore, we show that whereas untied aid cannot increase global welfare, tied-aid unambiguously does so.

A trade-off between maxima in efficiency and specific work output of super- and trans-critical CO2 Brayton cycles

Several operational aspects for thermal power plants in general are non-intuitive and involve simultaneous optimization of a number of operational parameters. In the case of solar operated power plants, it is even more difficult due to varying heat source temperatures induced by variability in insolation levels. This paper introduces a quantitative methodology for load regulation of a CO2 based Brayton cycle power plant using the `thermal efficiency and specific work output' coordinate system. The analysis shows that a transcritical CO2 cycle offers more flexibility under part load performance than the supercritical cycle in case of non-solar power plants. However, for concentrated solar power, where efficiency is important, supercritical CO2 cycle fares better than transcritical CO2 cycle. A number of empirical equations relating heat source temperature, high side pressure with efficiency and specific work output are proposed which could assist in generating control algorithms. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A trade off between separation, detection and sustainability in liquid chromatographic fingerprinting

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Steiner trade spectra of complete partite graphs

The Steiner trade spectrum of a simple graph G is the set of all integers t for which there is a simple graph H whose edges can be partitioned into t copies of G in two entirely different ways. The Steiner trade spectra of complete partite graphs were determined in all but a few cases in a recent paper by Billington and Hoffman (Discrete Math. 250 (2002) 23). In this paper we resolve the remaining cases. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.