Pavimentando Roraima: a BR-174 como exemplo das lógicas neoliberais de transnacionalização do território na Amazônia Ocidental

Este artigo discute a pavimentação da BR-174 na metade da década de 1990 e as suas consequências socioespaciais no estado de Roraima. O caso é apresentado como um exemplo da transformação das intervenções territoriais na Amazônia no contexto da neoliberalização do Estado e da produção de um espaço econômico transnacional. Os investimentos federais para o desenvolvimento rodoviário e infraestruturas auxiliares trouxeram conectividade sem precedentes para o estado de Roraima, além de gerar crescimento econômico. Todavia, o artigo argumenta que, além dos novos discursos de desenvolvimento regional sustentável, as lógicas dominantes dos projetos, tais como o melhoramento da BR-174, são as de um neoliberalismo em expansão transnacional, no qual o Estado empreendedor torna-se um parceiro para o estabelecimento de mercados externos mais do que o principal agente da integração do território nacional. Assim, no desenho da BR-174, Roraima aparece, principalmente, como um espaço estratégico de conexão transfronteiriça que liga a Amazônia brasileira aos portos do Caribe. Entretanto, passada mais de uma década desde a conclusão do projeto, a concentração territorial tem se aprofundado ao passo que emergem novas desigualdades socioespaciais intimamente atreladas às funções e fluxos que a integração rodoviária criou.

Aspectos silviculturais da castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa) em sistemas agroflorestais na Amazônia Central.

Este estudo avaliou o desempenho da castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa) em sistemas agroflorestais implantados em ecossistema de terra firme na Amazônia Central. Foram avaliados 3 sítios de sistemas agroflorestais multi-estratificados, implantados em 1992, em áreas de pastagens degradadas, situadas no km 54 da BR-174, no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, em Manaus (AM).

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 174 A]

A Constituinte e as formas de prevenir o agravamento dos problemas das grandes cidades. Deni Schwartz, Ministro do Desenvolvimento Urbano, considera que um dos pontos mais sérios é o da propriedade urbana, que não pode ser tratada da mesma forma que a propriedade rural. O Deputado Manoel Castro (PFL-BA) diz que a Constituição deve obrigar o governo a cuidar da habitação popular. Na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) algumas ideias já surgiram, como por exemplo a do usucapião urbano. O Senador Teotônio Vilela Filho (PMDB-AL) considera que a questão urbana está intimamente ligada e dependente a questão agrária. O Deputado Jessé Freire (PFL-RN) quer que a nova Carta garanta instrumentos de planejamento espacial capazes de resolver, como um todo, o problema agrário e urbano. O Deputado Roberto D'Ávila (PDT-RJ) reapresentou duas emendas populares, que não puderam ser aproveitadas por não cumprirem todas as exigências. Uma delas trata da obrigatoriedade de concurso público para ingresso no funcionalismo público. Outra trata de direitos humanos, como a liberdade de credo e direitos dos presos. O Deputado Eraldo Trindade (PFL-AP) apresentou emenda que garante a nacionalização das riquezas minerais. Ivan Lins convoca o povo a participar das emendas populares.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 174]

A Reforma Urbana na Constituição. Atualmente setenta por cento dos brasileiros vivem nos grandes centros enfrentando todos os tipos de privações. João Ricardo Serran, membro do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Urbano, observa que as cidades estão baixando a qualidade de vida. Deni Schwartz, Ministro do Desenvolvimento Urbano, acredita que a Reforma Urbana é um grande desafio. O Deputado Flávio Palmier da Veiga (PMDB-RJ) apresentou emenda concedendo os benefícios previdenciários para as donas de casa. A Deputada Maria de Lourdes Abadia (PFL-DF) lembra a importância da bancada feminina na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte ( ANC) e também a importância dos movimentos populares nas votações da nova Constituição do Brasil. O Deputado Tito Costa (PMDB-SP) apresentou emenda estabelecendo o mandato sem remuneração para vereadores em municípios de até 300.000 habitantes. O Deputado Victor Fontana (PFL-SC) afirma que a reforma agrária é absolutamente necessária, mas não pode ser feita sem uma política agrícola.

Associations of the TNF-alpha-308 G/A, IL6-174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G polymorphisms with inflammatory and metabolic responses to lifestyle intervention in Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk

Background: Cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue influence inflammation and insulin sensitivity, and lead to metabolic disturbances. How certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interfere on lifestyle interventions is unclear. We assessed associations of selected SNPs with changes induced by a lifestyle intervention. Methods: This 9-month intervention on diet and physical activity included 180 Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk, genotyped for the TNF-alpha -308 G/A, IL-6 -174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G SNPs. Changes in metabolic and inflammatory variables were analyzed according to these SNPs. Individuals with at least one variant allele were grouped and compared with those with the reference genotype. Results: In the entire sample (66.7% women; mean age 56.5 +/- 11.6 years), intervention resulted in lower energy intake, higher physical activity, and improvement in anthropometry, plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile and inflammatory markers, except for IL-6 concentrations. After intervention, only variant allele carriers of the TNF-alpha -308 G/A decreased plasma glucose, after adjusting for age and gender (OR 2.96, p = 0.025). Regarding the IL-6 -174 G/C SNP, carriers of the variant allele had a better response of lipid profile and adiponectin concentration, but only the reference genotype group decreased plasma glucose. In contrast to individuals with the reference genotype, carriers of variant allele of AdipoQ 45 T/G SNP did not change plasma glucose, apolipoprotein B, HDL-c and adiponectin concentrations in response to intervention. Conclusion: The TNF alpha -308 G/A SNP may predispose a better response of glucose metabolism to lifestyle intervention. The IL-6 -174 G/C SNP may confer a beneficial effect on lipid but not on glucose metabolism. Our findings reinforce unfavorable effects of the AdipoQ 45 T/G SNP in lipid profile and glucose metabolism after intervention in Brazilians at cardiometabolic risk. Further studies are needed to direct lifestyle intervention to subsets of individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

Associations of the TNF-alpha -308 G/A, IL6 -174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G polymorphisms with inflammatory and metabolic responses to lifestyle intervention in Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk

Abstract Background Cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue influence inflammation and insulin sensitivity, and lead to metabolic disturbances. How certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interfere on lifestyle interventions is unclear. We assessed associations of selected SNPs with changes induced by a lifestyle intervention. Methods This 9-month intervention on diet and physical activity included 180 Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk, genotyped for the TNF-α -308 G/A, IL-6 -174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G SNPs. Changes in metabolic and inflammatory variables were analyzed according to these SNPs. Individuals with at least one variant allele were grouped and compared with those with the reference genotype. Results In the entire sample (66.7% women; mean age 56.5 ± 11.6 years), intervention resulted in lower energy intake, higher physical activity, and improvement in anthropometry, plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile and inflammatory markers, except for IL-6 concentrations. After intervention, only variant allele carriers of the TNF-α -308 G/A decreased plasma glucose, after adjusting for age and gender (OR 2.96, p = 0.025). Regarding the IL6 -174 G/C SNP, carriers of the variant allele had a better response of lipid profile and adiponectin concentration, but only the reference genotype group decreased plasma glucose. In contrast to individuals with the reference genotype, carriers of variant allele of AdipoQ 45 T/G SNP did not change plasma glucose, apolipoprotein B, HDL-c and adiponectin concentrations in response to intervention. Conclusion The TNFα -308 G/A SNP may predispose a better response of glucose metabolism to lifestyle intervention. The IL-6 -174 G/C SNP may confer a beneficial effect on lipid but not on glucose metabolism. Our findings reinforce unfavorable effects of the AdipoQ 45 T/G SNP in lipid profile and glucose metabolism after intervention in Brazilians at cardiometabolic risk. Further studies are needed to direct lifestyle intervention to subsets of individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

(Table 1) I, Br, B, d11B and Mn concentrations in ODP Site 131-808

This study of the interstitial water concentration-depth distributions of iodide, bromide, boron, d11B, and dissolved organic carbon, as represented by absorbance at 325 nm (yellow substance: YS) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), is a follow-up of the extensive shipboard program of interstitial water analysis during ODP Leg 131. Most of the components studied are associated with processes involving the diagenesis of organic matter in these sediments. Three zones of the sediment column are discussed separately because of the different processes involved in causing concentration changes: 1. The upper few hundreds of meters: In this zone, characterized by very high sedimentation rates (>1200 m/m.y.), interstitial waters show very sharp increases in alkalinity, ammonia, iodide, bromide, YS, and LIF, mainly as a result of the diagenesis of organic carbon; 2. Whereas below 200 mbsf concentration gradients all show a decreasing trend, the zone at ~ 365 mbsf is characterized by concentration reversals, mainly due to the recent emplacement of deeper sediments above this depth as a result of thrust-faulting; 3. The décollement zone (945-964 mbsf) is characterized by concentration anomalies in various constituents (bromide, boron, d11B, manganese, LIF). These data are interpreted as resulting from an advective input of fluids along the zone of décollement as recent as ~ 200 ka. Possibly periodic inputs of anomalous fluids still seem to occur along this décollement zone.

Bisresorcinols and arbutin derivatives from Grevillea banksii R. Br

This work is part of a series of chemical investigations of the genus Grevillea. Two new arbutin derivatives, seven new bisresorcinols, including a mixture of two isomers, three known flavonol glycosides, and four known resorcinols, including a mixture of two homologous compounds, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves and methanol extract of the stems of Grevillea banksii. The new compounds were identified, on the basis of spectroscopic data, as 6'-O-(3-(2(hydroxymethyl)acryloyloxy)-2-methylpropanoyl)arbutin (1), 6'-O-(2-methylacryloyl)arbutin (2), 5,5'-(4(Z)-dodecen-1,12diyl)bisresorcinol (6), 2'-methyl-5,5'-(4(Z)-tetradecen-1,14-diyl)bisresorcinol (8), 2,2'-di(4-hydroxyprenyl)-5,5'-(6(Z)-tetradecen-1,14-diyl)bisresorcinol (9), 2-(4-acetoxyprenyl)-2'-(4-hydroxyprenyl) 5,5'-(6(Z)-tetradecen-1,14-diyl)bisresorcinol (10), 2-(4-acetoxyprenyl)-2'-(4-hydroxyprenyl)5,5'-(8(Z)-tetradecen-l,14-diyl)bisresorcinol (11), 5,5'-(10(Z)-tetradecen-1-on-diyl)bisresorcinol (12) and 5,5'-(4(Z)-tetradecen-1-on-diyl)bisresorcinol (13).