Geology and geochronology of the Betara region in south-southeastern Brazil: Evidence for possible Statherian (1.80-1.75 Ga) and Calymmian (1.50-1.45 Ga) extension events

The results of geological mapping, chemical analysis and radiometric dating of metabasic rocks of Betara Formation, and mapping and dating of those present in the Betara basement nucleus together with mylonitic granodiorite and syenogranite are reported here. U-Pb analysis of bulk zircon fractions from the metabasic rocks of the basement nucleus yielded a Statherian age of 1790 +/- 22 Ma, while the metabasic rocks from the upper part of the Betara Formation yielded a Calymmian age between 1500 and 1450 Ma. This age is a minimum for the deposition of the Betara Formation. The older metabasic rocks are associated with post-tectonic, possibly anorogenic syenogranite, while the younger ones are gabbro or very porphyritic ankaramite whose REE patterns are consistent with crystallization from an N-MORB parent magma. The observations and data point to the probable events associated with extensional processes of the end of Paleoproterozoic and early Mesoproterozoic. Similar registers of Statherian (1.80-1.75 Ga) and Calymmian (1.50-1.45 Ga) extensional events are recorded in other parts of the South American and African continents. The Neoproterozoic witnessed the formation and junction of the tectonic slices which formed the Apiai domain during the assemblage of western Gondwana. (C) 2010 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Desarrollo y evaluación de un programa de apoyo curricular asistido por ordenador para la enseñanza de la música en la educación obligatoria.

El objetivo fundamental es mejorar la asimilación, comprensión y evaluación de los elementos esenciales de la música. Para ello se crea un programa de apoyo curricular asistido por ordenador observándose la aplicabilidad de los distintos elementos del paquete informático creado, en los tres niveles de escolarización (inicial, medio y superior).. El grupo experimental del nivel inicial estuvo formado por 18 sujetos, todos ellos alumnos de segundo de preescolar del Colegio San Patricio de Betara (Valencia) en diciembre de 1991. En el nivel medio 8 sujetos voluntarios, pertenecientes al Colegio Santiago López. En el nivel superior 29 sujetos seleccionados al azar de entre los voluntarios procedentes de cuatro Institutos de Bachillerato de Valladolid, realizándose un pre-test y un post-test; la aplicación del tratamiento fue de 15 sesiones de una hora, un día a la semana durante el primer semestre de 1991.. Partiendo de los objetivos generales propuestos por la reforma educativa, organizados por elementos, y teniendo en cuenta tada la literatura musical que desarrolla el marco teórico de la investigación se plantean hipótesis generales en el elemento rítmico (la discriminación del número de impactos en un ritmo es necesaria para la posterior discriminación temporal...), elemento melódico (discriminar la dirección hacia el agudo-grave es fundamental para la comprensión del componente altura y su representación gráfica...), elemento armónico (la discriminación entre consonancia y disonancia es fundamental para la discriminación auditiva).. En el nivel inicial se observa que los alumnos de 5 años de edad comienzan a discriminar los ritmos por su número de impactos y por sus duraciones relativas, siendo ostensiblemente mayor el número de éxitos en la primera tarea que en la segunda. También son capaces de discriminar lal direccionalidad del sonido hacia el agudo o el grave. En el nivel medio los programas de apoyo a la entonación creados creados, constituyen una herramienta alternativa para la medición de aptitudes musicales. En el nivel superior el ordenador constituye una herramienta eficaz para el desarrollo de la discriminación rítmica. Los sujetos de nivel superior obtuvieron ganancias significativas en la discriminación rítmica, no así en la discriminación melódica. También se puede observar que los programas establecidos en el bloque de interválica constituyen una variable productiva importante del conjunto global de puntuaciones en los tres campos estudiados, ritmo, entonación e interválica. Por medio del ordenador lograron presentar sin duda el aprendizaje de la lectura musical como un juego divertido..

Definição da assinatura geoquímica multielemento secundária dos depósitos Canoas e Perau - Vale do Ribeira - PR e sua aplicação como ferramenta na seleção de novas áreas potenciais para pesquisa mineral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

POPULATION BIOLOGY AND DIET OF THE SOUTHERN KINGCROAKER Menticirrhus americanus (LINNAEUS, 1758) (PERCIFORMES: SCIAENIDAE) IN CARAGUATATUBA BAY, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

This study evaluated the spatio-temporal distribution, population biology and diet of Menticirrhus americanus in Caraguatatuba Bay. Samples were taken monthly between August 2003 and October 2004, by trawling in two previously selected areas. The northern area is more exposed to wave activity and is influenced by a river, functioning as a small estuary. In contrast, the southern area is relatively sheltered from wave energy and influenced to a lesser degree by smaller rivers. The fishes' length was measured, and the sex and gonadal stage macroscopically identified. The abundance of this species was compared between areas and among months. The diet was identified and quantified. M. americanus occurred in equal proportions in the two study areas, being most abundant in April 2004, followed by December 2003 and January 2004. The population was dominated by small immature individuals. The few individuals in maturation or mature that were captured showed no seasonal pattern of distribution. This species had a varied diet, feeding on worms (nemerteans, sipunculans and echiurans), mollusks (bivalves and cephalopods), polychaetes, crustaceans and fish. The presence of intact nematodes in the intestine suggests that these are parasites. The results demonstrated that M. americanus has a homogeneous spatial and temporal distribution in Caraguatatuba Bay, being uniformly distributed between the south and north areas as well as across the months. This species can be considered a carnivorous predator, showing a preference for consuming benthic sandy-beach species such as glycerids and other polychaetes, crustaceans, and bivalve siphons.

Population biology and diet of the southern kingcroaker Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in Caraguatatuba Bay, southeastern Brazil

This study evaluated the spatio-temporal distribution, population biology and diet of Menticirrhus americanus in Caraguatatuba Bay. Samples were taken monthly between August 2003 and October 2004, by trawling in two previously selected areas. The northern area is more exposed to wave activity and is influenced by a river, functioning as a small estuary. In contrast, the southern area is relatively sheltered from wave energy and influenced to a lesser degree by smaller rivers. The fishes' length was measured, and the sex and gonadal stage macroscopically identified. The abundance of this species was compared between areas and among months. The diet was identified and quantified. M. americanus occurred in equal proportions in the two study areas, being most abundant in April 2004, followed by December 2003 and January 2004. The population was dominated by small immature individuals. The few individuals in maturation or mature that were captured showed no seasonal pattern of distribution. This species had a varied diet, feeding on worms (nemerteans, sipunculans and echiurans), mollusks (bivalves and cephalopods), polychaetes, crustaceans and fish. The presence of intact nematodes in the intestine suggests that these are parasites. The results demonstrated that M. americanus has a homogeneous spatial and temporal distribution in Caraguatatuba Bay, being uniformly distributed between the south and north areas as well as across the months. This species can be considered a carnivorous predator, showing a preference for consuming benthic sandy-beach species such as glycerids and other polychaetes, crustaceans, and bivalve siphons.