Notes from the conference on uranium metallography at Battelle Memorial Institute on July 10, 1949 /

"February7, 1952."

Proceedings of 1st Ad-Hoc Forum of Scientific and Technical Information Analysis Center Managers, Directors, and Professional Analysts, held at Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, November 9-11, 1965 /

"Conf-651131, General, miscellaneous, and progress reports (TID-4500)."

Battelle research reports available from the Office of Technical Services, April 30, 1958,

Mode of access: Internet.

含裂纹板壳及三维裂纹体断裂问题研究进展

<正> Ⅰ.前言 由于灾难性工程断裂事故时有发生,工程结构安全性评定引起人们的极大关注。1982年美国Battelle实验室在关于断裂损失的首次综合考察中提出,材料的断裂以及为防止这类破坏所作的努力,使美国工业每年耗费达1190亿美元,相当于国家总产值的4％。但在不增加断裂危险情况下,加强检查、维护和修理,约有29％的断裂耗费可以避免。利用断裂力学的研究成果改进材料制造工艺和加强焊接过程的质量控制,可使每年耗费再减少24％。因

Coastal resource planning system: Integrating evaluation of ecological integrity and ecosystem services valuation

Efficient and effective coastal management decisions rely on knowledge of the impact of human activities on ecosystem integrity, vulnerable species, and valued ecosystem services—collectively, human impact on environmental quality (EQ). Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is an emerging approach to address the dynamics and complexities of coupled social-ecological systems. EBM “is intended to directly address the long-term sustainable delivery of ecosystem services and the resilience of marine ecosystems to perturbations” (Rosenberg and Sandifer, 2009). The lack of a tool that integrates human choices with the ecological connections between contributing watersheds and nearshore areas, and that incorporates valuation of ecosystem services, is a critical missing piece needed for effective and efficient coastal management. To address the need for an integrative tool for evaluation of human impacts on ecosystems and their services, Battelle developed the EcoVal™ Environmental Quality Evaluation System. The EcoVal system is an updated (2009) version of the EQ Evaluation System for Water Resources developed by Battelle for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Dee et al., 1972). The Battelle EQ evaluation system has a thirty-year history of providing a standard approach to evaluate watershed EQ. This paper describes the conceptual approach and methodology of the updated EcoVal system and its potential application to coastal ecosystems. (PDF contains 4 pages)

A FLOW-THROUGH ACOUSTIC WAVEGUIDE FOR TWO-PHASE BUBBLY FLOW VOID FRACTION MEASUREMENT

In the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the deposition of a high-energy proton beam into the liquid mercury target forms bubbles whose asymmetric collapse cause Cavitation Damage Erosion (CDE) to the container walls, thereby reducing its usable lifetime. One proposed solution for mitigation of this damage is to inject a population of microbubbles into the mercury, yielding a compliant and attenuative medium that will reduce the resulting cavitation damage. This potential solution presents the task of creating a diagnostic tool to monitor bubble population in the mercury flow in order to correlate void fraction and damage. Details of an acoustic waveguide for the eventual measurement of two-phase mercury-helium flow void fraction are discussed. The assembly’s waveguide is a vertically oriented stainless steel cylinder with 5.08cm ID, 1.27cm wall thickness and 40cm length. For water experiments, a 2.54cm thick stainless steel plate at the bottom supports the fluid, provides an acoustically rigid boundary condition, and is the mounting point for a hydrophone. A port near the bottom is the inlet for the fluid of interest. A spillover reservoir welded to the upper portion of the main tube allows for a flow-through design, yielding a pressure release top boundary condition for the waveguide. A cover on the reservoir supports an electrodynamic shaker that is driven by linear frequency sweeps to excite the tube. The hydrophone captures the frequency response of the waveguide. The sound speed of the flowing medium is calculated, assuming a linear dependence of axial mode number on modal frequency (plane wave). Assuming that the medium has an effective-mixture sound speed, and that it contains bubbles which are much smaller than the resonance radii at the highest frequency of interest (Wood’s limit), the void fraction of the flow is calculated. Results for water and bubbly water of varying void fraction are presented, and serve to demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the apparatus.

Un estudio de las dificultades del lenguaje en la Educación Infantil.

Analiza las dificultades del lenguaje, relacionándolas con la calidad de las interacciones comunicativas y lingüísticas a las que están expuestos los niños y niñas, y destaca las consecuencias negativas que dichas dificultades tienen en el aprovechamiento de las experiencias extraescolares y escolares. Alumnado de tres Centros Educativos de la isla de Tenerife; profesorado; familias. Se revisaron los expedientes de la población de tres años preinscrita en los tres centros, excluyendo aquellos en los que figuraba retraso mental. Se estudio la información recogida en el apartado del desarrollo comunicativo-lingüístico del niño o la niña del cuestionario dirigido a los padres. Se analizó con el profesorado la información recogida, seleccionándose aquellos niños que presentaban un nivel de competencia comunicativo-lingüístico muy bajo. Cuestionario dirigido a los padres; test de vocabulario Peabody; prueba de screening del Inventario del Desarrollo Battelle; la observación; entrevistas; registros adaptados de Manolson; la muestra de habla. La elaboración de la técnica final se desarrollo en varias fases: contacto y negociación con los centros, detección de necesidades, evaluación de necesidades, intervención de necesidades, fase sintética y fase de seguimiento. 1) Articulación entre instituciones, es decir, se estableció un diálogo y se logró la participación del centro como institución. 2) Apreciación de la manera de enfocar la atención a las necesidades educativas del alumnado. 3) El entro adopta la estrategia del agrupamiento flexible para el área de Lengua. 4) Competencia comunicativa y lingüística de los niños. 5) El procedimiento de las entrevistas permitió captar las apreciaciones de los padres. 6) Las muestras de habla y las observaciones en el aula permitieron obtener datos sobre las habilidades de conversación y las funciones lingüísticas. En general, expone la detección de las necesidades en el área de la comunicación y el lenguaje, la evaluación contextualizada del lenguaje y la respuesta educativa a partir de la colaboración entre el profesorado y las familias.

Factores implicados en la integración escolar de los alumnos con parálisis cerebral : diseño y aplicación de un programa de intervención en un sujeto con parálisis cerebral.

Los objetivos del primer estudio son: conocer los factores implicados en la integración de los alumnos con parálisis cerebral en el colegio; conocer las necesidades educativas especiales de los alumnos con parálisis cerebral integrados en el colegio ordinario. El segundo estudio pretende proporcionar al niño con parálisis cerebral un medio de comunicación alternativo que posibilite la adquisición de vocabulario y el desarrollo de su capacidad cognitiva y comunicativa.. Para el primer estudio se toma como muestra a los 16 alumnos con parálisis cerebral integrados en el colegio 'La Milagrosa'; sus edades oscilan entre 5 y 16 años. En el segundo estudio se toma como muestra a un niño de 2 años y 8 meses con parálisis cerebral.. Una primera parte está integrada por el marco conceptual en el que se definen: la integración escolar; la parálisis cerebral; los niños con parálisis cerebral en la escuela ordinaria y sus necesidades; la intervención en el área del lenguaje en los niños con parálisis cerebral; el problema y las preguntas de la investigación. En el primer estudio se realiza un análisis global descriptivo de los factores que se detectan en la integración del alumno con parálisis cerebral. Los factores son de tipo físico, técnico, profesional, personal y educativo. En el segundo estudio se diseña y aplica un programa de intervención a un niño con parálisis cerebral, a fin de conseguir a largo plazo su integración escolar en la educación primaria.. En el primer estudio se utilizan: informes personales de los alumnos, entrevistas no estructuradas, la revisión del proyecto curricular del centro, la observación directa y un cuestionario dirigido a los profesores-tutores. En el segundo se incluyen: el informe psicopedagógico del alumno, una entrevista a los padres, una entrevista a los educadores, el test inventario del desarrollo de Battelle, la exploración logopédica inicial y final, la observación y los vídeos.. El método del primer estudio se basa en la descripción de los factores implicados en la integración de los alumnos con parálisis cerebral. En el segundo, se lleva a cabo una evaluación del sujeto (pretest), el diseño y aplicación del programa de intervención y la evaluación del sujeto (postest).. Es necesaria una mayor implicación de las instancias superiores orientada a mejorar la formación de los profesionales que trabajan con niños con parálisis cerebral, integrados en centros ordinarios. El lenguaje o medio de comunicación es un factor indispensable para el proceso de aprendizaje, para la integración y el desarrollo personal. Fomentar un medio alternativo de comunicación favorecerá la capacidad cognitiva y de comunicación.. La presencia de parálisis cerebral no es una barrera para la integración escolar siempre y cuando se creen las condiciones idóneas para ello y se ofrezca una atención globalizada, tanto por parte de los padres como de los profesionales. Se sugiere aplicar y validar con más tiempo el programa, evitando las dificultades y limitaciones que éste ha sufrido..

Master Coqservationists Presentations - 2007

Before announcing our honorees this evening, I would like to call your attention to results of an independent study done for the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln during the past year. The "At Work for Nebraska" study was done by Battelle, of Columbus, Ohio, which is a nonprofit research and development organization specializing in global science and technology. The independent study found that our Institute provides a 15-to-one return on every tax dollar invested with us. That's 15-to-one conservatively. We all wish we could get that return on all our own investments. I encourage you to browse our At Work for Nebraska Web Site for additional results of the study. You can find out more about this study which relates to our efforts in natural resources and other areas on the web at the address atworkfornebraska.unl.edu. I encourage you to check it out.

Making the At Work for Nebraska Report work for IANR: Next Steps

Folks, I am so pleased to have this opportunity to talk with you about the "At Work for Nebraska" report we recently received from Battelle of Columbus, Ohio.

Dynamics of doublon-holon pairs in Hubbard two-leg ladders

The dynamics of holon-doublon pairs is studied in Hubbard two-leg ladders using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method. We find that the geometry of the two-leg ladder, which is qualitatively different from a one-dimensional chain due to the presence of a spin gap, strongly affects the propagation of a doublon-holon pair. Two distinct regimes are identified. For weak interleg coupling, the results are qualitatively similar to the case of the propagation previously reported in Hubbard chains, with only a renormalization of parameters. More interesting is the case of strong interleg coupling where substantial differences arise, particularly regarding the double occupancy and properties of the excitations such as the doublon speed. Our results suggest a connection between the presence of a spin gap and qualitative changes in the doublon speed, indicating a weak coupling between the doublon and the magnetic excitations.

Bioremediation of PAHs - Limitations and soultions

Introduction 1.1 Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the environment Worldwide industrial and agricultural developments have released a large number of natural and synthetic hazardous compounds into the environment due to careless waste disposal, illegal waste dumping and accidental spills. As a result, there are numerous sites in the world that require cleanup of soils and groundwater. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major groups of these contaminants (Da Silva et al., 2003). PAHs constitute a diverse class of organic compounds consisting of two or more aromatic rings with various structural configurations (Prabhu and Phale, 2003). Being a derivative of benzene, PAHs are thermodynamically stable. In addition, these chemicals tend to adhere to particle surfaces, such as soils, because of their low water solubility and strong hydrophobicity, and this results in greater persistence under natural conditions. This persistence coupled with their potential carcinogenicity makes PAHs problematic environmental contaminants (Cerniglia, 1992; Sutherland, 1992). PAHs are widely found in high concentrations at many industrial sites, particularly those associated with petroleum, gas production and wood preserving industries (Wilson and Jones, 1993). 1.2 Remediation technologies Conventional techniques used for the remediation of soil polluted with organic contaminants include excavation of the contaminated soil and disposal to a landfill or capping - containment - of the contaminated areas of a site. These methods have some drawbacks. The first method simply moves the contamination elsewhere and may create significant risks in the excavation, handling and transport of hazardous material. Additionally, it is very difficult and increasingly expensive to find new landfill sites for the final disposal of the material. The cap and containment method is only an interim solution since the contamination remains on site, requiring monitoring and maintenance of the isolation barriers long into the future, with all the associated costs and potential liability. A better approach than these traditional methods is to completely destroy the pollutants, if possible, or transform them into harmless substances. Some technologies that have been used are high-temperature incineration and various types of chemical decomposition (for example, base-catalyzed dechlorination, UV oxidation). However, these methods have significant disadvantages, principally their technological complexity, high cost , and the lack of public acceptance. Bioremediation, on the contrast, is a promising option for the complete removal and destruction of contaminants. 1.3 Bioremediation of PAH contaminated soil & groundwater Bioremediation is the use of living organisms, primarily microorganisms, to degrade or detoxify hazardous wastes into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, water and cell biomass Most PAHs are biodegradable unter natural conditions (Da Silva et al., 2003; Meysami and Baheri, 2003) and bioremediation for cleanup of PAH wastes has been extensively studied at both laboratory and commercial levels- It has been implemented at a number of contaminated sites, including the cleanup of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska in 1989, the Mega Borg spill off the Texas coast in 1990 and the Burgan Oil Field, Kuwait in 1994 (Purwaningsih, 2002). Different strategies for PAH bioremediation, such as in situ , ex situ or on site bioremediation were developed in recent years. In situ bioremediation is a technique that is applied to soil and groundwater at the site without removing the contaminated soil or groundwater, based on the provision of optimum conditions for microbiological contaminant breakdown.. Ex situ bioremediation of PAHs, on the other hand, is a technique applied to soil and groundwater which has been removed from the site via excavation (soil) or pumping (water). Hazardous contaminants are converted in controlled bioreactors into harmless compounds in an efficient manner. 1.4 Bioavailability of PAH in the subsurface Frequently, PAH contamination in the environment is occurs as contaminants that are sorbed onto soilparticles rather than in phase (NAPL, non aqueous phase liquids). It is known that the biodegradation rate of most PAHs sorbed onto soil is far lower than rates measured in solution cultures of microorganisms with pure solid pollutants (Alexander and Scow, 1989; Hamaker, 1972). It is generally believed that only that fraction of PAHs dissolved in the solution can be metabolized by microorganisms in soil. The amount of contaminant that can be readily taken up and degraded by microorganisms is defined as bioavailability (Bosma et al., 1997; Maier, 2000). Two phenomena have been suggested to cause the low bioavailability of PAHs in soil (Danielsson, 2000). The first one is strong adsorption of the contaminants to the soil constituents which then leads to very slow release rates of contaminants to the aqueous phase. Sorption is often well correlated with soil organic matter content (Means, 1980) and significantly reduces biodegradation (Manilal and Alexander, 1991). The second phenomenon is slow mass transfer of pollutants, such as pore diffusion in the soil aggregates or diffusion in the organic matter in the soil. The complex set of these physical, chemical and biological processes is schematically illustrated in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, biodegradation processes are taking place in the soil solution while diffusion processes occur in the narrow pores in and between soil aggregates (Danielsson, 2000). Seemingly contradictory studies can be found in the literature that indicate the rate and final extent of metabolism may be either lower or higher for sorbed PAHs by soil than those for pure PAHs (Van Loosdrecht et al., 1990). These contrasting results demonstrate that the bioavailability of organic contaminants sorbed onto soil is far from being well understood. Besides bioavailability, there are several other factors influencing the rate and extent of biodegradation of PAHs in soil including microbial population characteristics, physical and chemical properties of PAHs and environmental factors (temperature, moisture, pH, degree of contamination). Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing possible rate-limiting processes during bioremediation of hydrophobic organic contaminants in a contaminated soil-water system (not to scale) (Danielsson, 2000). 1.5 Increasing the bioavailability of PAH in soil Attempts to improve the biodegradation of PAHs in soil by increasing their bioavailability include the use of surfactants , solvents or solubility enhancers.. However, introduction of synthetic surfactant may result in the addition of one more pollutant. (Wang and Brusseau, 1993).A study conducted by Mulder et al. showed that the introduction of hydropropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPCD), a well-known PAH solubility enhancer, significantly increased the solubilization of PAHs although it did not improve the biodegradation rate of PAHs (Mulder et al., 1998), indicating that further research is required in order to develop a feasible and efficient remediation method. Enhancing the extent of PAHs mass transfer from the soil phase to the liquid might prove an efficient and environmentally low-risk alternative way of addressing the problem of slow PAH biodegradation in soil.