Chinois 5858

Contient : I觀世音菩薩普門品盧說Guan shi yin pu sa pu men pin fu shuo.Exposé du Avalokiteçvara bodhisattva samantamukha parivarta ; II盂蘭盆經折中疏Yu lan phen jing zhe zhong su.Explication de l'Ullambana sūtra ; III見聞錄Jian wen lu.Mémoires et notes ; IV鐘振之居士寄初徵與際明禪師柬Zhong zhen zhi ju shi ji chu zheng yu ji ming chan shi jian.Lettres de Zhong Zhen zhi et du bonze Ji ming ; V辟邪集 。天學初徵 。在徵Pi xie ji. Tian xue chu zheng. Zai zheng.Traité contre les mauvaises doctrines

Genus i östra Nyland : från dialektutjämning till dialektmarkör

Gender in eastern Nyland – from dialect levelling to identity marking The study of dialect leveling in eastern Nyland focuses on variation and change in the Swedish dialects of Nyland (Fi. Uusimaa) on the south coast of Finland. During the last century the grammatical gender system of the dialects in the area has been reduced from a three-gender system to a two-gender system (cf. Corbett 1991). The present study is based on five linguistic variables in the gender system: the anaphoric pronouns (han, hon, den) when used for inanimates; the neuter pronouns he(t) and de(t) – when used anaphorically or as expletives; and three different types of morphological postposed definite articles. For all these variables, both dialect variants and standard variants are used in the dialects. Within the study of processes of variation and change, the work focuses on the mechanisms of leveling, simplification and reallocation; cf. Trudgill (1986) and Hinskens, Auer Kerswill (2005). With regard to the reductions of the gender system, the possibility that some of these variables might have turned into becoming dialect markers (Labov 1972) in the modern varieties of eastern Nyland is given special attention. The primary data consist of tape recordings with 25 informants done in the 1960s and 1970s. The informants were born in 1881–1913. In addition, recent changes were investigated in detail in tape recordings from 2005–2008 with 15 informants, who were born in the period 1927–1947 or 1976–1988. The study combines quantitative and qualitative methods in the systematic analysis of the data. Theoretically and methodologically the study relies on methods and results from variation studies and socio-dialectology, as well as on methods and results from traditional dialectology; cf. Ahlbäck (1946) and the dictionary of Swedish dialects, Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål, (1976–). The results show that there are different strategies among the informants in their use of the features studied. In the modern varieties of the dialects, most of the informants use only two genders, uter and neuter. Of the variables, the masculine pronoun for inanimates, the traditional neuter pronoun he(t) and some variants of the traditional definite articles have received a new function as dialect markers in my data. These changes first affect the gender distinctions, and the function of marking gender is lost; gradually the features then get new functions as dialect markers through processes of dialect leveling and reallocation. These processes are connected to changes taking place in the communities in eastern Nyland because of urbanization. When the dialect speakers experience that the traditional values of both the dialects and the culture are threatened, they begin to mark their dialectal identity by using dialect markers in their speech.

Servicenivå för Östra Nylands kollektivtrafik : Nylands ELY-centrals servicenivådefiniering för kollektivtrafik

Utredningen "Servicenivå för Östra Nylands kollektivtrafik" är en fortsättning till Nylands ELY-centrals förstudie om bestämning av kollektivtrafikens servicenivå på Nylands ELY-centrals område, nr 29/2010. Enligt förstudiet blev definieringsarbetet för kollektivtrafikens servicenivå på Nylands ELY-centrals område delat upp för att förverkligas i sju helheter som baserar sig på regionbiljettområden. Det blev sju rapporter om definieringsarbetet av vilka denna som rör Östra Nyland är en. Utredningen är en del av processen där ELY-centralen i samarbete med kommuner, behöriga myndigheter, landskapsförbund och trafikidkare förberedde Nylands ELY-centrals bestämmelse över bestyrkning av kollektivtrafikens servicenivå enligt lagen om kollektivtrafik. ELY-centralen bestyrkte med sitt beslut i december 2011 den åsyftade servicenivån enligt utredningen för åren 2012 - 2016. I utredningen har man beskrivit både den nutida och den åsyftade servicenivån som sträcker sig till år 2016. I huvudsak har man gjort beskrivningen som förbindelsestreckanalys. De valda förbindelsestreckorna har klassificerats enligt trafikens kvantitativa och kvalitativa faktorer i sex klasser: konkurrensnivå, lockande nivå, medelnivå, grundservicenivå, miniminivå och lagstadgad nivå. Som viktigaste klassificeringsfaktorer användes trafikeringstid och turantal. I klassificeringen har Trafikverkets anvisning nr 15/2011 tillämpats.

Karta öfver den östra delen af Finska wiken

Lit. L

L'éveil dans le « Sûtra de Vimalakîrti »

Notre analyse porte sur la notion d’éveil au sein du Sûtra de Vimalakîrti. Premièrement, nous présentons et comparons les modèles d’éveil exposés dans ce texte, soit la figure du bouddha et – surtout – celle du bodhisattva; nous analysons leurs deux grands traits caractéristiques, c’est-à-dire la connaissance transcendante et les méthodes habiles, puis élaborons leur rôle par rapport à l’éveil. Il apparaît d’emblée que la connaissance transcendante est une connaissance non discursive de la réelle nature de toute chose et qu’elle est une condition nécessaire à l’éveil, alors que les méthodes habiles – aussi appelées expédients salvifiques – constituent la myriade de moyens rusés et provisoires conçus et employés par les bouddhas et bodhisattva dans le but d’amener les êtres ignorants à l’éveil et d’ainsi les libérer de l’attachement et de la souffrance. Dans le second chapitre, nous caractérisons l’état de conscience de l’éveillé à l’aide de notions telles la non-dualité, la non-discrimination et la non-pensée, puis présentons la conception de la pratique méditationnelle soutenue dans notre sûtra. Nous montrons que l’état d’éveil est un état de conscience non discriminateur au sein duquel l’identité personnelle et les phénomènes – ou la dualité sujet-objet – sont reconnus comme étant des illusions ou, plus précisément, des constructions mentales et langagières. Ainsi, la méditation apparaît comme étant une méthode habile provisoire dont les buts sont essentiellement la déconstruction du paradigme dualiste de la pensée discursive et la réalisation qu’il n’existe, ultimement et paradoxalement, aucune réelle entrave à l’éveil et aucune pratique méditationnelle nécessaire à l’expérience de l’éveil.

Ansprache des Rechts-Anwalts Kreis-Justizraths Dr. Straß zu Berlin an seine deutschen Mitbrüder aller Stämme in Bezug auf die Wahlen zu dem deutschen Reichstag

Boberach: Wer die Einheit Deutschlands unter preußischer Führung will, soll sich an den Wahlen zum Erfurter Reichstag beteiligen. - Wentzke: Befürwortet die Wahl zum Reichstag zu Erfurt. Lob des preußischen Unionsentwurfs

Die bäume und sträucher des alten Griechenlands,

Mode of access: Internet.

Die laubhölzer: kurzgefasste beschreibung der in Mitteleuropa einheimischen bäume und sträucher, sowie der wichtigeren in gärten gezogenen laubholzpflanzen,

"Wichtigste literatur": p.[4]

Rosen på Tistelön; berättelse från västra skärgården; med illus. af Jenny Nyström-Stoopendaal.

Mode of access: Internet.

De neamul Moldovenilor : din ce tarǎ au eșit strǎmoșii lor /

At head of title: Comisia istoricǎ a României.

Hemma: skildringar från Östra Finland af Jac. Ahrenberg ; med tre teckningar af G. Berndtson

Kuvien signeeraukset: J. A. C. x.A. ; G. B. (monogrammi) = Gunnar Berndtson ; A. Cederqvist x.a.

Hihuliter: skildringar från Östra Finland

Alanimeke kannessa: En berättelse från Östra Finland.

New Perspectives on the Roman Coinage on the Eastern Limes in the Late Republican and Roman Imperial Period

The Ph.D. thesis discusses the monetary development in Roman Syria and Judaea in the Late Republican and the Early Imperial Period, from a numismatic, archaeological and historical point of view. In effect, the work focuses on the 1st century B.C. to the 1st century A.D., that is, the assumed time of introduction of Roman denarii to the region. The work benefits from the silver coin hoards of Khirbet Qumran recently published by the author. Though discovered as early as 1955 at Qumran, where the famous Dead Sea Scrolls had been found prior to that in 1947, most hoards remained unpublished until 2007. A second important source utilized is the so-called Tax Law from Palmyra in Syria. Its significance lies in the fact that Palmyra used to be one of the most important cities on the Silk Road, along which luxury goods were transported into the Roman Empire and Rome itself. During the research conducted, studies of the provincial coinage of Judaea (A.D. 6-66) shed new light on the authority of the Roman governors in economic and monetary matters in eastern Mediterranean regions. Furthermore, a new suggestion as to the length of the mandate period of Pontius Pilate is made. The extent of Emperor Augustus monetary reforms as well as the military history of Judaea are discussed in the light of new analytical studies, which show that the production of Roman base metal coins appears to have been a highly controlled process, contrary to popular opinion. Statistical calculations related to the coin alloy revealed striking similarities with Roman and other local metalwork found in Israel; a fact previously unknown. Results indicate that both Roman and local metalwork consisted of outstandingly systematized practises and may have exploited the same metal sources. Information: Kenneth Lönnqvist (*25.7.1962) has studied at the University of Helsinki since 1981. Furthermore, Lönnqvist has lived in the Mediterranean countries and the Near East, and made research there at various scientific institutions and universities for ca. 7 years. Contact and sales of thesis: kenneth.lonnqvist@helsinki.fi