Autoscopia: um procedimento de pesquisa e de formação

This article considers a procedure for data collection called autoscopy. Autoscopy entails the video recording of a practice with the purpose of allowing analysis and self-evaluation by one of the protagonists of that practice. The objective of the video recording is that of apprehending the actions of the agent (or agents), the scenario, and the plot that make up a situation. The recorded material is subjected to sessions of analysis after the action that aim at the understanding of the reflective process of the agent (or agents) through their verbalizations during the analysis of video recorded scenes. The present text introduces a theoretical basis for the procedure of autoscopy, deals with advantages and limitations of its use, as well as with aspects that deserve attention and, finally, describes the authors' experiences in two studies in which the procedure was employed. Starting from these two experiences, differences and similarities are pointed out between the studies, especially regarding the participants, object, and the time distribution of the video recordings. The authors draw considerations about the formative-reflective potential of the procedure, both for research situations and for the learning and training of various professionals, considering it to be an excellent educational instrument. It is, however, vital to keep in mind the need to recognize and return to the teacher, as an autoscopic participant, his condition as subject of his own profession, thereby promoting, besides the self-evaluation, also the autonomy of his thinking and doing.

A formaçao metacognitiva de futuros professores de matemática através da utilizaçao do vídeo. 'La formación metacognitiva de futuros profesores de matemáticas a través de la utilización del vídeo'.

Se sitúa en el contexto del paradigma de investigación sobre el pensamiento del profesor. Se analiza el proceso de autoscopia, si permite desarrollar la capacidad metacognitiva de futuros profesores de matemáticas. Se centra en el estudio de las concepciones manifestadas relativas a cuatro grandes temas relacionados con la futura profesión: matemáticas, enseñanza y aprendizaje, resolución de problemas y perfil resolutor. Esta información incide directamente en el papel del profesor durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, en el papel del alumno durante el mismo proceso, en la resolución de problemas en el aula y en el papel del profesor en las actividades de resolución de problemas. Se recurre a un diseño experimental con dos grupos equivalentes para verificar si existe una relación casual entre el uso o no de la autoscopia por medio de la observación de registros de vídeo y transcripciones, y por otro lado la capacidad metacognitiva de los futuros profesores de matemáticas. El estudio se lleva a cabo con 22 futuros profesores de Matemáticas y de Ciencias de la Naturaleza del Segundo Ciclo de Enseñanza Básica de una escuela superior de educación portuguesa durante sus dos últimos años de carrera. Durante el proceso de autoscopia la intervención incidió en la sensibilización de los sujetos acerca de la importancia de varias etapas de resolución de problemas del modelo de Polya y en las categorías metacognitivas del modelo de Lester. Cada subgrupo resolvió un primer problema que servió de pre-test para poder comparar inicialmente a los dos grupos en términos metacognitivos y su resolución grabada en vídeo. De los problemas solucionados se realizó un proceso de autoscopia en base a las cintas de vídeo y sus transcripciones. Por último se compararon las resoluciones escritas con los modelos de resolución elaborados. La relación entre concepciones manifestadas y concepciones activas de los sujetos del estudio no siempre fue convergente. La autoscopia aumento la capacidad metacognitiva de los futuros profesores de Matemáticas. Los sujetos del grupo experimental evidenciaron ser en las resoluciones escritas de los problemas, mejores resolutores que los del grupo de control. El proceso de autoscopia puede estar en la base de las diferencias metacognitivas y de las capacidades manifestadas como resolutores de problemas entre los sujetos del grupo experimental y los del grupo de control.

Agir, aprender, formar, intervir, agir uma experiência dos consultores internos na gestão do conhecimento da Petrobrás UN-RNCE

This research aims at studying the formation of internal consultants in organizational setting in the joint resolution of problems, around the conversion of knowledge. The objective of research is to understand and explain the meanings attributed by Petrobras internal consultants to their practice and training for the conversion process of tacit knowledge into explicit, around the joint resolution of their problems with their collaborators. It has directed the next question: what the meanings assigned by the consultants of Unidade de Negócios Rio Grande do Norte e Ceara (UN-RNCE) in Knowledge Management (KM), for their interventionist and formative practices in problem solving, as well as conversion of tacit knowledge in explicit? This paper has assumed that there is a dual logic integrated into its daily practices: solving troubles and converting knowledge. The thesis has considered the daily practices of these consultants are characterized as epistemic spaces and permanent education through the conversion of knowledge. It has adopted the principles of multi-referential approach as foundations, regarding the translation of a variety of angles, perspectives and prospects which allow the interpretation and understanding of complex issues that are part of conversion of knowledge. The understanding and explanation of the senses are based on the methodology of the comprehensive interview; taking ownership is the sensitive listening for comprehensive interpretation of oral discourses of ten consultants, in addition to the autoscopy that putting into practice, thus, the stance of the researcher as an intellectual craftsman. Furthermore, it has assessed that the limits and possibilities for training and learning in the conversion of knowledge arise, on one hand from a predominantly driven training culture by the paradigm of technical rationality and one the other hand, from a set of relationship to knowledge and relation to know , revealed in the search for training in other dimensions. There are tensions between the local and global demands located in a situation marked by a systemic organization of knowledge. However, the context is perceived by researchers as impregnated by the discontinuity, unpredictability and uncertainty; mobilizing a number of elements necessary for the mediation in training practices of these consultants. Finally, it has set an instrumental and technological support, restricting the formation and undermining the position of the consultancy as nuclear function in Knowledge Management

A história escolar e a teoria da atividade: relações e possibilidades formativas no ensinar e aprender

This study investigates the manner in which the Activity Theory by Alexei Nikolaevich Leontiev contributed to the performance of a teacher who teaches History at the 8th year of elementary school, Escola Estadual Coronel Fernandes, in Luís Gomes - RN city. Her goal is to analyze the contributions of this theory in her teaching practice. It was opted by collaborative approach as formative strategy and was used as procedures for training of knowing the courses of study and thoughtful reflection sessions. It was used as techniques in the development of these cycles, the semistructured interview and the reflection sessions, the autoscopy and observation in real life. Regarding the theoretical foundation, held in these cycles, the teacher demonstrated to have appropriated some contributions from Activity Theory, besides relating them to her practice and understanding her importance to the improvement of teaching and learning of History. Concerning to the reflection sessions, the analysis showed that the participant has used of constructions of this theory and improved their practice, developing lessons of History so as to encourage student participation in oral and promote his integral development. The educational process, carried out on the practice of teacher, has shown an increase in her conscious learning that contributed to the improvement in their professional development. Before these findings, as needs for new thinking, this research recommends, especially the organization of teaching activities, based on this theory, which allows the teacher to improve the teaching and learning process contributing to student's full education

Quadrinhos nas aulas de ciências: narrando uma história de formação continuada

Located at the intersection of Science Education, Teacher Training and use of didactic Comics (HQ), the text aims to discuss the problem which thus sets: - What is the contribution of the incorporation of comics in the continuing education of teachers Natural Sciences of the early years of elementary school? - May be the comics for enabling science teaching? - How to contribute to a reflexive training of teachers of the early years? - In order to answer these questions, there was a collaborative action research in a school located in the city of Natal / RN, with three teachers who teach natural science in the early years of elementary school. The study involved the conduct of 13 meetings of in-service, under the focus on reflective practice, with the purpose of discussing topics underlying the teaching of science and the use of comics as a methodological strategy. All meetings were recorded on audio and transcripts. The teachers finally recorded the meetings by writing a portfolio. The teachers made use of 10 sessions with reading comics in science classes, which were video recorded and later watched by the educators in autoscopy sessions followed by individual interviews. From the collected data, several aspects that have emerged can be grouped into three categories: The difficult concept of science, teachers' work and the obstacles and possibilities of comics as a teaching strategy. In this sense, are woven assessments taking as its founding, look for the reflective and dialogic practices exercised in the classroom. In the analysis of the data, we can see the conceptual difficulties, methodological and pistemological questions of teachers for teaching science, but also the limitations of comic books for teaching. Learning more relevant appointed by the teachers is related to the importance of collective work to mitigate the training needs of teaching. Finally, signals that the HQ has a great potential for use in science classes, provided that the teacher conduct a careful planning for this, but that the meetings of continuing education promote moments of reflection on teaching practices that are capable of giving rise to new attitudes before the difficulties they depict

Educar para a cidadania: Um projecto de investigação-acção em educação de infância

Pretendemos com este artigo dar a conhecer um trabalho final de Seminário realizado no âmbito do curso de Complementos de Formação de Educadores de Infância, em 2005-06, na Escola Superior de Educação de Viseu (Portugal) e que teve subjacente um projecto de investigação-acção desenvolvido num Jardim-de-Infância da rede pública. A questão central desta investigação foi a de determinar até que ponto a educadora, através da sua prática pedagógica, poderia contribuir para a aproximação no mesmo espaço educativo de crianças oriundas de culturas e etnias diferentes. A reflexão, baseada na autoscopia (autoavaliação feita pela própria das suas práticas pedagógicas) e na heteroscopia (avaliação feita pelos pares), através da observação de gravações vídeo e da utilização de uma grelha de registo de dados, permitiu à educadora questionar as suas atitudes no desempenho profissional, com vista à renovação da sua prática pedagógica.