Exports from the Brazilian automotive sector to the Southern Common Market: Trade diversion or cost reduction?

The automotive sector is one of the sectors in which trade between mercosur countries has grown most strongly. This article examines the possibility that trade diversion occurred in that sector during the period 1991-2010, assuming that product costs fell as a result of market expansion. The analysis is based on the concepts of “cost reduction” and “trade suppression” coined by Corden (1972), which capture the effects of economies of scale. Indices of regional orientation and revealed comparative advantages are used in combination to assess whether the trade bloc is evolving in line with comparative advantages. The results suggest efficiency gains for automotive-sector products, exports of which from Brazil to mercosur grew more vigorously because the expanded and relatively protected market made it possible to exploit the economies of scale that are characteristic of the automotive industry.

Open innovation and user s involvement in new product development: a case study in the automotive sector

Innovation is an essential factor for obtaining competitive advantages. The search for external knowledge sources for product creation, which can contribute to the innovation process, has become a constant among companies, and users play an important role in this search. In this study, we aimed to analyze user’s involvement in the product development process based on open innovation concepts. We used the unique case study research method. This study was carried out in an automotive company that has developed a project of a concept car involving user’s through the Web 2.0. With such scope, the research demonstrates that users can contribute not only with generation of ideas but also with the innovation process itself.

Capabilities and resources of the University of Alicante on color technology for automotive sector

Charla realizada en el pasado 1st BYK-Gardner Iberian Automotive Meeting, celebrado en Alicante, entre los días 13 y 14 de Octubre de 2011: http://web.csidiomas.ua.es/congresos/iberianautomotive/index.html

Intelligent pipeline control - a simulation study in the automotive sector

Automotive producers are aiming to make their order fulfilment processes more flexible. Opening the pipeline of planned products for dynamic allocation to dealers/ customers is a significant step to be more flexible but the behaviour of such Virtual-Build-To-Order systems are complex to predict and their performance varies significantly as product variety levels change. This study investigates the potential for intelligent control of the pipeline feed, taking into account the current status of inventory (level and mix) and of the volume and mix of unsold products in the planning pipeline, as well as the demand profile. Five ‘intelligent’ methods for selecting the next product to be planned into the production pipeline are analysed using a discrete event simulation model and compared to the unintelligent random feed. The methods are tested under two conditions, firstly when customers must be fulfilled with the exact product they request, and secondly when customers trade-off a shorter waiting time for compromise in specification. The two forms of customer behaviour have a substantial impact on the performance of the methods and there are also significant differences between the methods themselves. When the producer has an accurate model of customer demand, methods that attempt to harmonise the mix in the system to the demand distribution are superior.

Development of a Computer-Based methodology for tolerance selection and optimization applied to the automotive sector

The design optimization of industrial products has always been an essential activity to improve product quality while reducing time-to-market and production costs. Although cost management is very complex and comprises all phases of the product life cycle, the control of geometrical and dimensional variations, known as Dimensional Management (DM), allows compliance with product and process requirements. Hence, the tolerance-cost optimization becomes the main practice to provide an effective application of Design for Tolerancing (DfT) and Design to Cost (DtC) approaches by enabling a connection between product tolerances and associated manufacturing costs. However, despite the growing interest in this topic, a profitable application in the industry of these techniques is hampered by their complexity: the definition of a systematic framework is the key element to improving design optimization, enhancing the concurrent use of Computer-Aided tools and Model-Based Definition (MBD) practices. The present doctorate research aims to define and develop an integrated methodology for product/process design optimization, to better exploit the new capabilities of advanced simulations and tools. By implementing predictive models and multi-disciplinary optimization, a Computer-Aided Integrated framework for tolerance-cost optimization has been proposed to allow the integration of DfT and DtC approaches and their direct application for the design of automotive components. Several case studies have been considered, with the final application of the integrated framework on a high-performance V12 engine assembly, to achieve both functional targets and cost reduction. From a scientific point of view, the proposed methodology provides an improvement for the tolerance-cost optimization of industrial components. The integration of theoretical approaches and Computer-Aided tools allows to analyse the influence of tolerances on both product performance and manufacturing costs. The case studies proved the suitability of the methodology for its application in the industrial field, providing the identification of further areas for improvement and refinement.

Análise e optimização de processos numa empresa do sector automóvel

Trabalho de Projeto

Cooperation in R&D, firm size and type of partnership: Evidence for the Spanish automotive industry

This paper aims to analyse cooperation in R&D in the automobile industry in Spain. It first examines to what extent firms cooperate with external actors in the field of technological innovation, and if so, with what type of cooperation partner, paying special attention to the differentiation according to the size of the firms. Second, it aims to study how the firm’s size may affect not only the decision of cooperating but also with which type of partner, while controlling for other determinants that have been considered in the literature as main drivers of collaborative activities in R&D. We use data provided by the Technological Innovation Panel in the 2006-2008 period for firms in the automotive sector. We estimate a bivariate probit model that takes into account the two types of cooperation mostly present in the automotive industry, vertical and institutional, explicitly considering the interdependencies that may arise in the simultaneous choice of both.

Cooperation in R&D, firm size and type of partnership: Evidence for the Spanish automotive industry

This paper aims to analyse cooperation in R&D in the automobile industry in Spain. It first examines to what extent firms cooperate with external actors in the field of technological innovation, and if so, with what type of cooperation partner, paying special attention to the differentiation according to the size of the firms. Second, it aims to study how the firm’s size may affect not only the decision of cooperating but also with which type of partner, while controlling for other determinants that have been considered in the literature as main drivers of collaborative activities in R&D. We use data provided by the Technological Innovation Panel in the 2006-2008 period for firms in the automotive sector. We estimate a bivariate probit model that takes into account the two types of cooperation mostly present in the automotive industry, vertical and institutional, explicitly considering the interdependencies that may arise in the simultaneous choice of both.

Análisis estructural del sector estratégico de vehículos automotores

Esta investigación se realizo con el fin de conocer el comportamiento y dinámica del sector automotriz en Colombia, haciendo especial énfasis en el sector de los vehículos de gama media, debido a que son el segmento de mayor movimiento del mercado automotriz en Colombia. El estudio se llevo a cabo utilizando el periodo de estudio entre 2004 y 2009 para identificar la situación actual del sector, en el que participaron las cuatro principales ensambladoras del país según la clasificación CIIU utilizada por la Superintendencia de Sociedades.

Estudio del sector automotriz para el ingreso de automóviles híbridos en Bogotá-Colombia

Se hizo un estudio exploratorio de carácter prospectivo, para identificar las opciones y alternativas que pueden encontrarse en el mercado del sector automotor para el ingreso de una gama de vehículos híbridos o ecológicos, de tal manera que se puedan entregar elementos de juicio a los interesados en invertir en este ramo, que les permitan tomar decisiones estratégicas en este sentido. El estudio contemplo los aspectos de mercadeo, estudio estratégico sectorial y un estudio de escenarios de futuro. El estudio de escenarios de futuro se llevo a cabo mediante la metodología prospectiva de Michael Godet, en la cual, a partir del abordaje del problema como un sistema, se identifican preliminarmente las variables que lo integran y las relaciones que existen entre ellas desde los conceptos de influencia y dependencia que pueden generar variaciones del mismo en el tiempo. Dentro de la misma metodología se hace además una identificación de los actores más importantes del sistema, y a partir de las consultas de expertos y bibliografía, se establecen sus comportamientos característicos y la forma como estos pueden influenciar a las variables claves y por lo tanto a la estabilidad del sistema en el tiempo. A partir de la información anterior, es decir una vez identificadas las variables claves, se definen los objetivos estratégicos, y se exponen los posibles escenarios de futuro de acuerdo con las graficas de probabilidades que arroja el sistema, de estos escenarios de futuro se identifica el escenario ideal o el escenario apuesta.

Efectos en las ventas del sector automotor en Colombia frente a la aprobación del tratado de libre comercio con Estados Unidos

Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de conocer los efectos sobre las ventas del sector automotor en Colombia frente a la aprobación y puesta en marcha de Tratado de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos, permitiendo brindar un panorama al sector y unas recomendaciones que le permitieran ser competitivo y no afectar considerablemente su nivel de ventas en general; Para ello, se analizaron únicamente los vehículos automotores para el transporte de pasajeros, que serán sin lugar a dudas los de mayor movimiento durante el TLC. Para ello, se contó principalmente con el diamante de competitividad propuesto por el catedrático Michael Porter para observar aquellos factores críticos dentro del sector que afectaban su competitividad y nivel de ventas, permitiendo así mismo hacer una comparación frente al sector automotor de Estados Unidos y conocer aquellos factores a trabajar por parte del sector en Colombia;, Contando con información ofrecida por parte de las autoridades del sector y asesores comerciales de las principales ensambladoras del País. Luego de ello, y con el ánimo de brindar recomendaciones al sector, tomando en cuenta los factores a mejorar, se hizo uso de la prospectiva estratégica y la herramienta MICMAC (Matriz de impacto cruzado) con el fin de conocer los factores clave que influirían tanto en el corto, mediano y largo plazo en el sector automotor de Colombia y en los cuales se debería trabajar para buscar efectos positivos en el sector y sus ventas; Palabras Clave: Vehículos, Competitividad, Ventas, Prospectiva Estratégica, TLC, Economía, Infraestructura, Tecnología, Inversión

El proceso de internacionalización del sector automotriz en Colombia en el marco de los tratados de libre comercio con Estados Unidos y Corea del Sur : análisis y perspectivas

El presente trabajo se estructuró en tres partes principalmente. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las tendencias a futuro después de la entrada en vigencia de los tratados de libre comercio con Corea del sur y Estados Unidos. Para lograr este cometido, se empezará explicando el origen y desarrollo del sector automotriz en Colombia, las políticas e incentivos del gobierno que tuvieron lugar para estimular el desarrollo de la industria. Posteriormente, se analizará cómo fue el origen de las ensambladoras y la llegada de los primeros automotores al territorio nacional e igualmente el surgimiento de las primeras industrias del sector de autopartes como parte de una estrategia del gobierno y, como a partir de allí, se empezaron a conformar las principales asociaciones que tiene el sector automotriz. A su vez, se analizará el estado actual del sector automotriz en Colombia teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo económico, los principales actores que están involucrados en el sector y el papel del gobierno. Dentro de esta segunda parte también se analizará el rol de Colombia frente a Estados unidos y Corea, las relaciones comerciales y el perfil de los países firmantes, los cuales son claves para el desarrollo del sector. Finalmente, en la última parte del proyecto, se analizará la industria y su preparación ante la inminente llegada de productos provenientes del extranjero, se tendrá en cuenta las opiniones a favor y en contra diferentes expertos en el tema y finalmente se darán recomendaciones para la industria nacional que se podría aplicar en el mediano y largo plazo.