Reproductive Biology of the Freshwater Shrimp Atya scabra (Leach, 1815) (Crustacea: Atyidae) in Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil

Alexandre Oliveira Almeida, Emerson Contreira Mossolin, and Joaldo Rocha Luz (2010) Reproductive biology of the freshwater shrimp Atya scabra (Leach, 1815) (Crustacea: Atyidae) in Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Zoological Studies 49(2): 243-252. Reproduction and population aspects of the freshwater shrimp Atya scabra in the Santana River, city of Ilheus, state of Bahia, Brazil, were studied from Apr. 2004 to May 2005. During these 14 mo, 3752 individuals were captured, with a sex ratio of 1.01 males for each female. The total number of individuals caught per month ranged 80-532. Males were generally larger than females. The smallest female found (5.40 mm in carapace length and 29.03 mm in total length) was ovigerous, which indicates that only adult individuals were caught. Ovigerous females were found every month, which indicates continuous reproduction and a high index of reproductive activity during the year. The highest reproduction indices were observed in May (94.3%) and Oct. (98.6%) 2004, and Mar. (93.7%) 2005. Fecundity ranged 870-8907 eggs, with a mean of 3811 (+/- 1992.87) eggs per female. The size of the females and their fecundity were positively correlated. The distribution of individuals in length classes by month showed that representatives of smaller classes occurred throughout almost the entire study period. This indicates a constant input of individuals into the population, which corroborates the characterization of the reproductive period as being continuous, and explains the large numbers of ovigerous females found each month. The 2nd abdominal segment is proportionally larger in females than in males, in width, height, and pleural length: these female secondary characteristics are related to an increased incubation area for eggs. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/49.2/243.pdf

Estrutura populacional dos camarões simpátricos Potimirim glabra e Potimirim potimirim (Crustacea, Decapoda, Atyidae) no rio Sahy, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Este trabalho teve por objetivo obter conhecimento sobre a estrutura populacional de dois camarões de água doce simpátricos, Potimirim glabra (Kingsley, 1878) e Potimirim potimirim (Müller, 1881) no rio Sahy, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os indivíduos foram coletados mensalmente durante o período de setembro de 1997 a fevereiro de 1999 utilizando-se peneiras, que foram passadas sob a vegetação marginal, superfície de rochas e pequenas poças d'água, num esforço de 15 minutos por coletor. Os animais foram separados quanto ao sexo e mensurados em relação ao comprimento total e do cefalotórax. Um total de 4.889 indivíduos foram coletados no rio Sahy: 3.281 P. glabra e 1.608 P. potimirim. A razão sexual observada foi de 1:1 para P. glabra e 1:2,3 para P. potimirim. Em ambas populações, cinco estágios de maturidade sexual foram determinados, sendo as populações constituídas principalmente por camarões adultos. O recrutamento de juvenis apresentou diferenças em ambas as espécies. O recrutamento de P. glabra ocorreu durante todo o período de estudo, exceto na primavera, enquanto que P. potimirim foi registrado somente no outono. A distribuição sazonal de fêmeas ovígeras de P. glabra é similar ao de P. potimirim, com reprodução na primavera e no verão.

Reproductive cycle and fecundity of Potimirim glabra (Kingsley, 1954) (Caridea, Atyidae) from a littoral stream

The reproductive cycle of Potimirim glabra, especially the female size at sexual maturity, reproductive period and fecundity, was studied at two sites of one of the northern littoral streams in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Prawns were collected monthly for one year. The minmum size at sexual maturity was estimated from the smallest ovigerous female (cephalothorax length = CL), and the reproductive period was determined monthly by examining the relative frequency of ovigerous females. Size comparisons between sampling sites was carried out using the Mann-Whitney u test. The relationship between environmental factors and reproductive aspects was verified using the Spearman's rank correlation. At Site 1, the collected ovigerous females had a CL mean size of 4.24±0.36 mm (n=481); at Site 2, ovigerous females (n=391) had a CL mean size of 5.48±0.49 mm. The reproductive pattern in Camburi is seasonal, with the highest frequency of ovigerous females in February. The frequency of ovigerous females was positively correlated to organic matter content in the substratum, rainfall and temperature. Increased percentage organic matter may indicate greater food availability whereas higher rainfall increases the velocity of the current, thereby aiding the larvae, which depend on brackish water to complete their development, to reach the estuarine region. The temperature acts on the speed of larval development. At Site 1, the mean fecundity obtained was 202±72.31 eggs (90 females; CL from 2.7 to 4.7mm PL), whereas at Site 2, it was 433.3±120.7 eggs (46 females; CL from 4.0 to 5.5mm PL). © 2010 Balaban.

Speciation and phylogeography in Caridina indistincta, a complex of freshwater shrimps from Australian heathland streams

The Caridina indistincta complex is a group of closely related atyid shrimps that inhabit coastal freshwater streams throughout north-eastern Australia. Using mitochondrial DNA sequence data (cytochrome oxidase 1, CO1), we (1) inferred the timing of speciation in the C. indistincta group and (2) examined the intraspecific phylogeographic patterns within the group. Assuming a shrimp-specific rate of CO1 evolution, the level of sequence divergence among species suggests that speciation took place during the Miocene epoch. Within one widespread mainland species, phylogeographic patterns suggest strong geographic 'regionalisation' of mtDNA lineages that are most likely of Pleistocene origin. By contrast, another species comprises two highly divergent mtDNA lineages that occur in sympatry. We suggest that although Pleistocene sea-level regressions appear important in generating population-level phylogeographic patterns, these events were largely unimportant in the formation of species in this group.

Diferença entre dois métodos de coleta utilizados na captura de crustáceos decápodes em um rio da Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, São Paulo

Durante os anos 2000 e 2001 foram realizadas coletas sazonais de crustáceos decápodes em dois pontos de um rio na Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, utilizando-se duas metodologias distintas (peneira e armadilha). Comparando-se ambos os métodos de coleta, foram constatadas diferenças quanto à composição e riqueza da carcinofauna capturada, grau de dominância e equitatividade, bem como tamanho e número de indivíduos coletados. Além disso, as razões sexuais de Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) podem diferir dependendo do método de coleta utilizado. Devido à grande variedade de hábitats e hábitos dos crustáceos, pode-se inferir que, para um levantamento qualitativo e/ou quantitativo eficaz e apurado da comunidade de crustáceos decápodes dulcícolas de um determinado rio, é recomendado o uso de mais de um método de coleta.

Ontogenetic and evolutionary change of external morphology of the neotropical shrimp potimirim (Holthuis, 1954) explained by a molecular phylogeny of the genus

A phylogenetic analysis of a fragment of the mitochondrial gene 16S was used to test the monophyletic status of Potimirim. Existing doubts on the taxonomic status of brasiliana (once P glabra) and P potimirim (once P mexicana) were clarified. Potimirim mexicana and P potimirim are distinct species according to molecular data and appendix masculina morphology. A new species (Potimirim sp. 1) from Puerto Rico was revealed with molecular data, and it is evolutionarily related to P potimirim and P mexicana according to our analysis. We found out three distinct species under the name P glabra. Then, we recommend the application of the name P glabra for the populations of the Pacific slope of Central America and revalidation of P brasiliana for the Brazilian ones. The need for a new name to those "P glabra" of the Caribbean is highlighted, and it was provisionally referred as Potimirim sp. 2. The ontogenetic (juveniles to adults) development of the appendix masculina of P brasiliana was observed and compared to the other species of Potimirim (adults). In the light of our phylogenetic hypothesis, we postulate a pattern of character addition for the evolution of the appendix masculina of Potimirim. This hypothesis is plausible for two key reasons. First. Potimirim is a monophyletic group according to our hypothesis. Second, the shape of appendix masculina found in adults of P. americana is similar and comparable to those found in the earliest juvenile stages of P brasiliana, a derived species according to our phylogeny (P americana, ((P mexicana, Potimirim sp. 1. P potimirim), (P glabra, (brasiliana, Potimirim sp. 2)))). As so, the basal P americana retain the ancestral morphological state of the appendix masculina when compared to the other species of Potimirim. In our interpretation the ontogeny of the appendix masculina recapitulated the proposed phylogeny, giving further support to it.