Análise do monitoramento de descargas atmosféricas na área de concessão da companhia força e luz do oeste em Guarapuava, Estado do Paraná

Aiming to analyze the monitoring of the atmospheric discharges incidence, the concession area of Companhia Forca e Luz do Oeste (CFLO) - Western Power and Light Company, located in the district of Guarapuava, state of Parana was chosen for a study developed in 2003, from January to December. After the air masses dynamics description, it was possible to identify the occurrence of atmospheric discharges and to compare them to the energy interruptions. To that end, atmospheric discharges density maps were created within the CFLO concession area for a later analysis of their influence in the electric energy supply. The monitoring of the atmospheric discharges and the comparison between this phenomenon and the occurrence of interruptions in the electric energy supply enabled this study. Results showed that such events are directly related, and that the rural area of the region under study underwent a major interference.

Desenvolvimento de hardware e software para tratamento e visualização de dados de descargas atmosféricas aplicados à segurança da navegação hidroviária

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Implementação computacional para avaliar os níveis de sobretensões atmosféricas induzidas em linhas de distribuição

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de tensões induzidas em linhas de distribuição de baixa tensão frente a uma descarga atmosférica

Neste trabalho são apresentadas simulações computacionais inéditas para o cálculo de tensões induzidas em linhas de baixa tensão provenientes de descargas atmosféricas em estações rádio-base de telefonia celular (ERBs). Foram construídas estruturas representativas que denotam um grau de complexidade bastante avançado e semelhante ao encontrado em campo, visando assim a obtenção o de resultados bem próximos aos da realidade. Para tal, desenvolveu-se um software, no qual as equações de Maxwell são resolvidas numericamente utilizando o Método das Diferenças Finitas no Domínio do Tempo (FDTD), associado à truncagem de domínio de análise pela técnica da UPML e representação de condutores elétricos pela formulação de fio fino para meios condutivos, gerando soluções de onda completa para o problema.

Planejamento de sistemas de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas para unidades habitacionais de baixa renda

A presente pesquisa tem como finalidade fazer um levantamento do perfil de ocorrência de descargas atmosféricas nos municípios de Belém, Ananindeua e Marituba, no período de 1991 até 2011 com o objetivo de determinar as características de ocorrência de raios nesses municípios, bem como identificar quais fatores precisam ser observados e/ou identificados com o intuito de se realizar um adequado planejamento de sistemas de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas em empreendimentos habitacionais de baixa renda construídos pelo programa de aceleração do crescimento do governo federal, mais precisamente no conjunto habitacional Taboquinha, localizado no bairro do Cruzeiro em Icoaraci. A partir da análise comparativa realizada com dados de detecção de raios provenientes da rede de detecção de raios STARNET, dados de ocorrência de raios provenientes do sensor LIS instalado a bordo do satélite TRMM, bem como de dados provenientes da norma NBR 5419, concluiu-se que o presente conjunto habitacional necessita da instalação de um sistema de proteção contra descargas atmosféricas em virtude do registro de ocorrências de sinistros envolvendo a incidência direta de descargas atmosféricas, bem como de seus efeitos secundários. Ao final do trabalho de pesquisa são apresentados tópicos de discussão associados a conclusões sobre o perfil de ocorrência de raios na presente região de estudo que são explicitadas pela norma NBR 5419, fatos estes que podem vir a prejudicar o patrimônio público, bem como os cidadãos comuns e suas edificações.

Estudo dos efeitos das descargas atmosféricas nos índices de desempenho da subestação de Vila do Conde

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os efeitos de descargas atmosféricas nos índices de desempenho na SE VDC (subestação de Vila do Conde), situada na região norte, no estado do Pará, no período de 2005 a 2013, estabelecendo a relação entre as informações meteorológicas cedidas pelo SIPAM e dados fornecidos pelo centro de operações da Eletronorte de forma a realizar e determinar os efeitos nocivos das descargas atmosféricas, os quais são responsáveis pela intensificação de interrupções no fornecimento de energia elétrica. A análise é restrita à área de atuação da Eletronorte (subestação de Vila do Conde) que tem grande parte de suas Linhas de Transmissão de energia instaladas no Norte do Brasil. O estudo desenvolvido evidência os desligamentos por descargas atmosféricas na linha de transmissão VDC/CASTANHAL de 230 KV e no disjuntor de 500 KV VCDJ7-08.Os resultados demonstram que a incidência de um raio pode causar surtos diretos e indiretos em linhas de transmissão e subestações de alta potência. Neste contexto justifica o estudo de formas eficientes de prevenção, sendo uma das finalidades desta obra, que tem como objetivo geral apresentar informações relativas aos efeitos produzidos pela ação de descargas atmosféricas em subestações do setor elétrico quanto à qualidade de energia, em especial na SE VDC – Sistema Eletrobrás-Eletronorte.

Pós-processamento de formas de ondas oriundas de descargas atmosféricas no Centro de Estudos de Descargas Atmosféricas e Alta Tensão (CENDAT) – IEE/USP

Atmospheric Discharges are responsible for several lost in the electrical system therefore it´s done studies to find ways to reduce the problem caused by discharges. This branch of engineering is necessary the gathering, stock and analysis of large quantity of data to validate or refuse the many studies produced about it The CENDAT proposed a project to collect data on induced voltages in distribution lines and current waveform of the lightning, but a difficulty that arose was the accumulation of data due to lack of manpower available to catalog all the data collected. Thinking in this difficulty, the engineer Acacio Silva Neto CENDAT´s researcher with trainees began to develop a program to solve this problem. This work keeps the development of this program in order to solve the problem of accumulation of data

Análise do monitoramento de descargas atmosféricas na área de concessão da companhia força e luz do oeste em Guarapuava, Estado do Paraná

Aiming to analyze the monitoring of the atmospheric discharges incidence, the concession area of Companhia Forca e Luz do Oeste (CFLO) - Western Power and Light Company, located in the district of Guarapuava, state of Parana was chosen for a study developed in 2003, from January to December. After the air masses dynamics description, it was possible to identify the occurrence of atmospheric discharges and to compare them to the energy interruptions. To that end, atmospheric discharges density maps were created within the CFLO concession area for a later analysis of their influence in the electric energy supply. The monitoring of the atmospheric discharges and the comparison between this phenomenon and the occurrence of interruptions in the electric energy supply enabled this study. Results showed that such events are directly related, and that the rural area of the region under study underwent a major interference.

Atmospheric-pressure discharges for the fabrication of surface-based metal nanostructures

Various reactor configurations for generating atmospheric-pressure discharges were tested, and several types of nanostructures, including Mo nanoflakes, were successfully synthesized. Here, we present photographs of the discharges, as well as SEM images of representative nanostructures.

Length control of He atmospheric plasma jet plumes: Effects of discharge parameters and ambient air

The effects of various discharge parameters and ambient gas on the length of He atmospheric plasma jet plumes expanding into the open air are studied. It is found that the voltage and width of the discharge-sustaining pulses exert significantly stronger effects on the plume length than the pulse frequency, gas flow rate, and nozzle diameter. This result is explained through detailed analysis of the I-V characteristics of the primary and secondary discharges which reveals the major role of the integrated total charges of the primary discharge in the plasma dynamics. The length of the jet plume can be significantly increased by guiding the propagating plume into a glass tube attached to the nozzle. This increase is attributed to elimination of the diffusion of surrounding air into the plasma plume, an absence which facilitates the propagation of the ionization front. These results are important for establishing a good level of understanding of the expansion dynamics and for enabling a high degree of control of atmospheric pressure plasmas in biomedical, materials synthesis and processing, environmental and other existing and emerging industrial applications. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.

Discharges and sediments as sources of extracellular alkaline phosphatase in a shallow Chinese eutrophic lake

Total alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations were measured in municipal wastewater, and a shallow Chinese freshwater lake receiving it. Activities of Dissolved alkaline phosphatase ( ADAP) in overlying and interstitial water were also analyzed monthly at three sites for several years. The lake was enriched with SRP and alkaline phosphatase by discharge of the wastewater, indicating that the inclusion of APA for estimating water pollution was reasonable. Annual data showed that APA in coarser fraction was significantly higher at the site receiving more wastewaters, both in surface and overlying water, suggesting that resuspension of enzyme most likely occurred in the basin heavily discharged. ADAP was an order of magnitude higher in the wastewater than those in lake waters, and was generally higher in interstitial water, a feature more striking at the site receiving more discharges. Besides, it was irrespectively inhibited by Na2WO4, L-cysteine and EDTA-Na, but stimulated by Cu2+, Zn2+, CTAB and Triton X-100 in interstitial, overlying and surface waters. This similarity of responding patterns to the stressors indicated an analogy between dissolved alkaline phosphatase in water column and that in interstitial water, supporting the hypothesis that the polluted sediments act as source of dissolved alkaline phosphatase in eutrophic lakes.

Modelling the Contribution of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra to Radiation Dose and Risk from Airborne Discharges of Coal-Fired Power Plants

Coal contains trace elements and naturally occurring radionuclides such as 40K, 232Th, 238U. When coal is burned, minerals, including most of the radionuclides, do not burn and concentrate in the ash several times in comparison with their content in coal. Usually, a small fraction of the fly ash produced (2-5%) is released into the atmosphere. The activities released depend on many factors (concentration in coal, ash content and inorganic matter of the coal, combustion temperature, ratio between bottom and fly ash, filtering system). Therefore, marked differences should be expected between the by-products produced and the amount of activity discharged (per unit of energy produced) from different coal-fired power plants. In fact, the effects of these releases on the environment due to ground deposition have been received some attention but the results from these studies are not unanimous and cannot be understood as a generic conclusion for all coal-fired power plants. In this study, the dispersion modelling of natural radionuclides was carried out to assess the impact of continuous atmospheric releases from a selected coal plant. The natural radioactivity of the coal and the fly ash were measured and the dispersion was modelled by a Gaussian plume estimating the activity concentration at different heights up to a distance of 20 km in several wind directions. External and internal doses (inhalation and ingestion) and the resulting risk were calculated for the population living within 20 km from the coal plant. In average, the effective dose is lower than the ICRP’s limit and the risk is lower than the U.S. EPA’s limit. Therefore, in this situation, the considered exposure does not pose any risk. However, when considering the dispersion in the prevailing wind direction, these values are significant due to an increase of 232Th and 226Ra concentrations in 75% and 44%, respectively.