Estrutura do pericarpo e da semente de Astronium graveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae) com notas taxonômicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Potencial alelopático de extrato etanólico de Anadenanthera macrocarpa e Astronium graveolens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelophatic potential ethanol extract of leaves of Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan (angico) and Astronium graveolens Jacq (aroeira) on the biomonitor germination of Brassica chinensis (Malaysia's cabbage) and Lactuca sativa (lettuce). For the test of allelopathy was the bioassay of germination of B. chinensis and L. sativa using solutions of ethanol extracts in different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mg / mL) with continuous light for 11 days. The experimental and control groups were divided into the Petri dish containing 50 seeds of B. chinensis and L. sativa each. Were performed six replicates for each concentration of extract of leaves of A. macrocarpa and A. graveolens and the negative control (water). The rolling action of the treatments was performed by quantitative observation and monitoring of germination every six hours. The results show that the ethanol extract of A. macrocarpa and A. graveolens presents allelopathic potential, regardless of the concentration used, but with answers dose-dependent, and thus able to interfere directly in germination, average speed and time of germination biomonitor of B. chinensis and L. sativa.

Variação genética para caracteres silviculturais em progênies de polinização aberta de Astronium graveolens Jacq. (Anacardiaceae)

This study has investigated the genetic variation for silvicultural traits in an open-pollinated progeny test of Astronium graveolens Jacq., established at Luiz Antônio Experimental Station (State of São Paulo, Brazil). The trial was planted in a random block experimental design, containing 23 families, six replications and five plants per plot. The traits measured were diameter at breast height (DBH), total height and stem form. The assessments were taken at the age of 19 years. Significant differences were not detected by the analysis of variance, suggesting that the genetic variation was low, as well as the probability to raising genetic gains through selection among progenies. The coefficient of genetic variation was moderate for the traits height (8.2%) and DBH (21.2%) and low to stem form (4.0%). However, the average coefficient of heritability among progenies was low for all studied traits (ranging from 0.02 to 0.15), confirming the low probability of genetic improvement of this population by selection among progenies.

Uso sustentável da biodiversidade brasileira: prospecção químico-farmacológica em plantas superiores: estudo químico de Astronium graveolens (Anacardiaceae)

O gênero Astronium, pertencente à família Anacardiaceae, é composto por cerca de 35 espécies, sendo típico das regiões norte e nordeste do Brasil. De acordo com a literatura, apenas a espécie Astronium urundeuva foi investigada sob o ponto de vista farmacológico, sendo detectada atividades antiulcerogênica , antiinflamatória e efeitos no trânsito gastrintestinal . Nas espécies A. graveolens e A. fraxinifolium foram avaliados somente os óleos essenciais, sendo que em A. graveolens um desses compostos voláteis mostrou atividade repelente a insetos. Desta forma, percebe-se que a investigação desse importante gênero vegetal ainda é incipiente. Estudos preliminares com o extrato em acetato de etila das folhas de A. graveolens mostraram grande concentração de compostos fenólicos, como derivados de ácido gálico e flavonoides, os quais estão descritos na literatura em geral como substâncias antioxidantes em potencial. As propriedades antioxidantes de diversas substâncias são alvo de interesse nos dias de hoje principalmente por estarem relacionadas à terapêutica de doenças degenerativas. Com o objetivo de dar continuidade aos estudos das espécies citadas, foram utilizadas neste trabalho técnicas de cromatografia como análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para o estudo do perfil químico de Astronium graveolens, separação e identificação de metabólitos secundários. Baseado na literatura e na comparação com padrões, os espectros de ultravioleta observados, indicaram que os extratos em acetato de etila da espécie em estudo são compostos por substâncias derivadas do ácido gálico, derivadas do ácido cafeoilquínico e também por flavonóides. A substância Ag1 foi identificada a partir de experimentos de comparação por CLAE usando banco de padrões, após verificação de similaridade entre tempo de retenção e máximo de absorção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Atividade anti-Helicobacter pylori de extratos hidroetanólicos de caule e folhas de Astronium fraxinifolium e Astronium graveolens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Characterization of gallotannins from Astronium species by flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nanostructured lipid system as a strategy to improve the anti-Candida albicans activity of Astronium sp

The genus Astronium (Anacardiaceae) includes species, such as Astronium fraxinifolium, Astronium graveolens, and Astronium urundeuva, which possess anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, healing, and antimicrobial properties. Nanostructured lipid systems are able to potentiate the action of plant extracts, reducing the required dose and side effects and improving antimicrobial activity. This work aims to evaluate a nanostructured lipid system that was developed as a strategy to improve the anti-Candida albicans activity of hydroethanolic extracts of stems and leaves from Astronium sp. The antifungal activity against C. albicans (ATCC 18804) was evaluated in vitro by a microdilution technique. In addition to the in vitro assays, the Astronium sp. that showed the best antifungal activity and selectivity index was submitted to an in vivo assay using a model of vulvovaginal candidiasis infection. In these assays, the extracts were either used alone or were incorporated into the nanostructured lipid system (comprising 10% oil phase, 10% surfactant, and 80% aqueous phase). The results indicated a minimal inhibitory concentration of 125.00 µg/mL before incorporation into the nanostructured system; this activity was even more enhanced when this extract presented a minimal inhibitory concentration of 15.62 µg/mL after its incorporation. In vivo assay dates showed that the nanostructure-incorporated extract of A. urundeuva leaves was more effective than both the unincorporated extract and the antifungal positive control (amphotericin B). These results suggest that this nanostructured lipid system can be used in a strategy to improve the in vitro and in vivo anti-C. albicans activity of hydroethanolic extracts of Astronium sp.

Chlorophyll fluorescence of tropical tree species in a semi-deciduous forest gap

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Padronização do teste de tetrazólio para avaliação da viabilidade de sementes de três espécies florestais

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FCAV

Crescimento e sobrevivência de espécies arbóreas em plantio de enriquecimento de mata ciliar em restauração

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Principales maderas tropicales utilizadas en España: Características, tecnología y aplicaciones

Se describen las características de las principales maderas tropicales con uso en España. La descripción incluye el nombre científico, sinonimias, nombres vulgares, su distribución en el mundo y en España, la descripción del fuste y de las trozas, con sus defectos más característicos, la descripción de la madera, sus características físicas, mecánicas, resistentes y durables. También se incluye sus aspectos tecnológicos, en el sentido de indicar que aspectos deben considerarse a la hora de trabajar estas maderas. Por último se indican los usos más comunes de las distintas maderas, las ventajas e inconvenientes frente a otras maderas Las especies principales que se describen son las siguientes: Algarrobo blanco, Prosopis alba, Grisebach Andiroba, Carapa guianensis, Aubl. Balsamo, Myroxylon balsamun, Harms. Sandwith. Barba jolote, Pithecolobium arboreum (L), Urban. Bubinga, Guibourtia tessmanii Caoba, Swietenia macrophylla, King. Cedro, Cedrela odorata, L. Cenizaro, Pithecellobium saman, (Jacq.) Benth Chinchon, Guarea grandiflora, A. DC. Cocobolo, Dalbergia retusa, Hemsl Cristobal, Platysmicium polystachyum Elondo o tali, Erythrophleum ivorensis Espavé, Anacardium excelsum, Skeels Gonzalo Alves, Astronium graveolens, Jacquin. Guayabillo, Terminalia lucida, Hoff. Guapaque, Dialium guianense, (Aubl.) Sandwith. Guayacán, Guaiacum sanctum, L. Huesito Homalium racemosum, Jacq. Ipe, Tabebuia guayacan, Hemsl. Iroko, Milicia excelsa Sim Jatoba, Hymenaea courbaril L. Machiche, Lonchocarpus castilloi, Standley. Manil, Symphonia globulifera, L. Marupa, Simarouba glauca, DC. Melina, Gmelina arborea, Roxb. Mongoy, Guibourtia ehie J. Léonard Nance, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.), H.B.K. Nazareno, Peltogyne purpurea Nispero, Manilkara zapota, (L.) Van royen. Palo blanco, Cybitax donnell- smith , Seibert. Pino amarillo, Erblichia odorata Piojo, Tapirira guianensis, Aubl. Quaruba, Vochysia guatemalensis, Donnell Smith Quira, Platysmicium pinnatum. Redondo, Magnolia yoroconte, Dandy. Rosul, Dalbergia tucurensis, Donn-Smith. Sande, Brossimiun ssp San juan areno, Ilex ssp. Saqui-saqui, Bombacopsis quinatum, (Jacq.) Dugand Santa maría, Calophyllum brasílíense Camb. Sapelly, Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague Tamboril, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gris Teca, Tectona grandis, L.F.. Ukola, Tieghemella africana Ururucana, Hieronyma alchorneoides, Allem

Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de extratos hidroetanólicos de Astronium sp incorporados ou não em sistemas nanoestruturados

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação do potencial biológico de extratos hidroetanólicos de Astronium sp incorporados ou não em sistemas nanoestruturados: in vitro e in vivo: in vitro e in vivo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

In vitro micropropagation of scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L. Her. ex Ait: syn P. roseum willd)

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and efficient system for regenerating shoots from nodal explants of scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L. Her. ex Ait: syn. P. roseum willd). Single node stem explants were inoculated in MS media containing different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/l) in a 4x4 factorial experiment. Multiple shoots were induced in media supplemented with BAP and IAA, Maximum number of shoots (56 per explant) were observed in the medium containing BAP and IAA at 1 mg/l each, 30 days after inoculation. Micro shoots were subcultured once in every four weeks. Adventitious shoots were induced from in vitro grown leaves and petioles. Several regenerated shoots were rooted on MS half-strength medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the plantlets were hardened in the growth chamber. This micropropagation system could be used for rapid and large-scale production of scented geranium.

Local distribution patterns of Opuntia echios echios, Bursera graveolens and Scalesia crockeri on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

We mapped stems of three plant species in a 2.36 ha plot in the arid zone near the coast of eastern Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, Ecuador, to determine factors influencing their local distribution. The three species were Opuntia echios var. echios (Cactaceae), a large cactus, Bursera graveolens (Burseraceae), a small tree that dominates dry woodland near the coast, and the shrub Scalesia crockeri (Asteraceae). In our plot, Opuntia was most abundant near the coast, while Bursera and Scalesia increased in density inland and with increased relief. Scalesia also increased in density with increases in Bursera and decreases in other woody plants and was most abundant 200–250 m from the coast. Both Opuntia and Bursera were clumped in the plot as a whole but selected stem size classes were randomly dispersed within homogeneous portions of the sample area. CDF Contribution Number 1012.