67 resultados para Asclepias subulata


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Asclepias subulata Decne. is a shrub occurring in Sonora-Arizona desert (Mexico-USA). The ethnic groups, Seris and Pimas, use this plant for the treatment of sore eyes, gastrointestinal disorders and cancer. To isolate the compounds responsible for antiproliferative activity of the methanol extract of A. subulata. A bioguided fractionation of methanol extract of A. subulata was performed using MTT assay to measure the antiproliferative activity of different compounds on three human cancer cell lines (A549, LS 180 and PC-3), one murine cancer cell line (RAW 264.7) and one human normal cell line (ARPE-19). The methanol extract was partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The active fractions, ethanol and residual, were fractioned by silica-column chromatography and active sub-fractions were separated using HPLC. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated with different chemical and spectroscopic methods. A new cardenolide glycoside, 12, 16-dihydroxycalotropin, and three known, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin, were isolated of active sub-fractions. All isolated compounds showed a strong antiproliferative activity in human cancer cells. Calotropin was the more active with IC50 values of 0.0013, 0.06 and 0.41 µM on A549, LS 180 and PC-3 cell lines, respectively; while 12, 16-dihydroxycalotropin reached values of 2.48, 5.62 and 11.70 µM, on the same cells; corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside had IC50 of 2.64, 3.15 and 6.62 µM and desglucouzarin showed values of 0.90, 6.57 and 6.62, µM. Doxorubicin, positive control, showed IC50 values of 1.78, 6.99 and 3.18 µM, respectively. The isolated compounds had a weak effect on murine cancer cells and human normal cells, exhibiting selectivity to human cancer cells. In this study, we found that 12, 16-dihydroxicalotropin, calotropin, corotoxigenin 3-O-glucopyranoside and desglucouzarin are responsible of antiproliferative properties of A. subulata, and that these compounds are highly selective to human cancer cells. Further studies are needed in order to establish the action mechanisms of the isolated compounds.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle químico de plantas de taboa em dois estádios fenológicos de desenvolvimento, ou seja, no estádio de pleno desenvolvimento vegetativo de 0,50 a 0,70 m e no estádio de florescimento. Os herbicidas e as doses utilizadas foram: imazapyr a 250, 500 e 750 g ha-1 com 0,5% de Aterbane; imazapyr a 250, 500 e 750 g ha-1 com 0,01% de Silwet; glyphosate a 3.360 e 4.320 g ha-1 com 0,5% de Aterbane; glyphosate a 3.360 e 4.320 g ha-1 com 0,01% de Silwet, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Os tratamentos foram instalados em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas foram aplicados com um pulverizador costal, munido de barra com duas pontas de jato plano XR Teejet 8002 S, a pressão constante de CO2 a 220 KPa, com consumo de calda de 200 L ha-1. As plantas de taboa foram mais sensíveis aos herbicidas quando no estádio de pleno desenvolvimento vegetativo de crescimento que no estádio de pleno florescimento, observando controle aceitável tanto com imazapyr como com glyphosate, exceto a dose de 250 g ha-1 de imazapyr com 0,5% de Aterbane. Neste mesmo estádio foi observado que o surfatante Aterbane foi menos efetivo que o Silwet, quando adicionado à menor dose do herbicida imazapyr.

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No presente trabalho, foram estudados os polinários de nove gêneros e 16 espécies de Asclepiadaceae ocorrentes na Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga: Asclepias curassavica L., Blepharodon nitidum (Vell.) J F. Macbr., Ditassa burchellii var. vestita (Malme) Fontella, Ditassa hispida (Vell.) Fontella, Ditassa tomentosa (Decne.) Fontella, Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey., Gonianthela axillaris (Vell.) Fontella & E.A. Schwarz, Matelea glaziovii (E. Fourn.) Morillo, Orthosia urceolata E. Fourn., Oxypetalum appendiculatum Mart., Oxypetalum capitatum subsp. capitatum Mart., Oxypetalum insigne (Decne.) Malme, Oxypetalumpachyglossum Decne., Oxypetalumpedicellatum Decne., Oxypetalum wightianum Hook. & Arn., Tassadia subulata var. subulata (Vell.) Fontella & E.A. Schwarz. São apresentadas descrições e ilustrações para todas as espécies estudadas, bem como chaves para identificação das espécies dos gêneros Ditassa e Oxypetalum tomando como base a morfologia dos polinários.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases is composed by a set of chronic and inflammatory disorders, among them is ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment is based on anti-inflammatory administration; however, this group of drugs clearly leads to development of undesirable side effects, what stimulate the search for new therapies alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic Turnera subulata extract on acetic acid-induced acute UC in rats. UC was induced by 1 mL injection of 4% acetic acid via rectal in Wistar mouse. 42 animals were distributed among 6 experimental groups: Control, UC, Sulfasalazine 500 mg/Kg/day (SSZ), T. subulata 50mg/Kg/day (TS 50), T. subulata 100mg/Kg/day (TS 100), T. subulata 200mg/Kg/day (TS 200). Throughout the experiment, body weight, food and water ingestion was daily evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and a colon fragment was observed by macroscopic analysis. Colon fragments were also collected for microscopic analysis and oxidative stress evaluation. The means from each group was compared by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) using GraphPad Prism Software. As results, we can clearly observe that SSZ group had the greater body weight decrease among the groups throughout the experiments, 14.78%, as well as, the lowest food intake, 6.23 g of food/day. The animals treated with T. subulata extracts showed no important body weight loss when compared to control. UC group showed the highest tissue damage macroscope score, 6.5, while TS 50 showed the lowest tissue damage score: 1. Microscope evaluation showed the presence of edema, haemorraghia and ulceration in all group of animals, except for Control. Nevertheless, TS 50 showed the lowest inflammatory damage among all groups. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that T. subulata treatment modulate catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, we also observed a decrease in protein and lipid peroxidation in response to extract administration. Taken together, these results shows that T. subulata extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on experimental UC.

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Inflammatory bowel diseases is composed by a set of chronic and inflammatory disorders, among them is ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment is based on anti-inflammatory administration; however, this group of drugs clearly leads to development of undesirable side effects, what stimulate the search for new therapies alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic Turnera subulata extract on acetic acid-induced acute UC in rats. UC was induced by 1 mL injection of 4% acetic acid via rectal in Wistar mouse. 42 animals were distributed among 6 experimental groups: Control, UC, Sulfasalazine 500 mg/Kg/day (SSZ), T. subulata 50mg/Kg/day (TS 50), T. subulata 100mg/Kg/day (TS 100), T. subulata 200mg/Kg/day (TS 200). Throughout the experiment, body weight, food and water ingestion was daily evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and a colon fragment was observed by macroscopic analysis. Colon fragments were also collected for microscopic analysis and oxidative stress evaluation. The means from each group was compared by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) using GraphPad Prism Software. As results, we can clearly observe that SSZ group had the greater body weight decrease among the groups throughout the experiments, 14.78%, as well as, the lowest food intake, 6.23 g of food/day. The animals treated with T. subulata extracts showed no important body weight loss when compared to control. UC group showed the highest tissue damage macroscope score, 6.5, while TS 50 showed the lowest tissue damage score: 1. Microscope evaluation showed the presence of edema, haemorraghia and ulceration in all group of animals, except for Control. Nevertheless, TS 50 showed the lowest inflammatory damage among all groups. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that T. subulata treatment modulate catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, we also observed a decrease in protein and lipid peroxidation in response to extract administration. Taken together, these results shows that T. subulata extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on experimental UC.

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稻属(OryzaL.)是禾本科稻族(Oryzeae)中最大,也是分布最广的属,由于其包括亚洲栽培稻这一世界第一大粮食作物,对该属各方面的研究都相当多,系统与进化植物学研究也是如此。然而,由于该属分布跨及亚、非、美、澳各洲热带、亚热带地区,材料不易得到,故研究常缺乏系统性,属和属内一些种的界限仍然存在争议,属下组间特别是几个孤立类群间的系统发育关系也一直不很清楚,稻属与近缘类群间系统发育关系研究也很有限。为此,本文在以前学者研究的基础上,综合评述了目前稻属各分类系统,指出了目前普遍接受的观点和存在分歧,同时对稻属系统作了一些必要的修订;通过l7种野生稻的核型分析和通过原位杂交技术在稻属尝试性的应用,从染色体水平探讨了稻属与近缘类群间的关系以及稻属内物种间的关系;通过对lO个属28种稻族植物cp DNA上的trnK基因的限制性内切酶位点的分析,并综合其它证据,对稻属与近缘属间关系进行初步的探讨。主要的结论如下: 一、 17种野生稻核型研究表明: 1)所有种的间期核属染色中心型(chromocentertype),染色中心较少或多,形状规则或不规则,散布于全核;前期染色体固缩特性属于近基型(proximal type),2)Sect.Oryza所有种的核型很相似,均为n=5m+5sm+2t,其中第四对和第十对为st染色体,第十对为随体染色体,Sect. Brachyantha和SeCt. Padia的核型与前者有一定的差异,表现在随体染色体的位置和染色体的大小。0. brachyantha的核型特点并不支持将该种置于Sect. Oryza的观点。 对携带BC和CD基因组的四个种的核型分析表明,其染色体组成并非是二倍体染色体组成的叠加,说明其形成后发生了二倍化的分化,综合各方面证据, 我们支持携带BC基因组的两个四倍体种属双系起源, 而携带CD基因组的四倍体之起源与亚洲携带C基因组的物种有关的观点。3)对国内8个居群的药用野生稻(0.officinalis)核型研究表明,所有居群均为二倍体,未发现以前学者所报道的四倍体类型。药用野生稻为一多型种,通过初步的形态学比较分析,我们认为斯里兰卡分布的根茎野生稻O.rhizomatis很可能是药用野生稻这一多型种适应于季节性干旱环境的一个生态型。4)以前学者认为稻属可能源于x一5的次级多倍化,我们不支持这一观点,从整个稻族所有属以及近缘的稻亚科其它三族的染色体基数来考虑,我们认为其祖先类群更可能的染色体基数为x-6。 二、原位杂交结果:1)确定了13个种的45s rDNA的位点数,其中所有携带A基因组的物种除亚洲栽培稻和O_ rufipogon之位点数有1和2的分化外,其余种皆为一个位点;B基因组也含一个位点,C基因组的两个种各含3个位点, BC基因组的两个种均具三个位点,E基因组含二个位点,携带CD基因组的稻种分别携带3和5个位点,其中位点有大小之分;2)利用C基因组作探针,B基因组作封阻DNA,在四倍体CD(O.latifolia)的染色体制片中确立了带C基因组的染色体。 三、用PCR-RFLP技术对稻族lO个属28个种的trnK基因的酶切位点变异进行了分析,发现:(1) trnK基因PCR扩增产物长度约为2575bp,没有明显的长度变异,l7种内切酶处理,共得到72个酶切位点,占整个trnk基因全长的13.98%,72个酶切位点中52个为突变位点,33个为信息位点,利用52个突变位点,构建了28个种的树系图。(2)分支分析表明,稻族的lO个属共分为两组,一组为O.ryza和Porteresia,一组为其余的8个属;该结果明显不同于经典的族内划分。根据稻族各属现在的分布格局,认为稻族是禾本科早期分化过程中产生的类群,由于生境的相似,趋同演化和网状进化事件可能比较频繁,稻族的亚族划分可能存在一些不合理的成分。Porteresia coarctata, Rhynchoryza subulata,Leersia perieri三种以前曾被置于稻属,根据分支图,后两种位于分枝图的第二支,与稻属各种分化较大,而P.coarctata与稻属聚在一起,说明两者在锻汰基因的变异式样是相似的。综合各方面资料,我们认为P. coarctata可能是稻属适应于海滩耐盐环境的一个特化的类群。 (3)稻属的Sect. Oryza所包括的两个系Ser.Oryza与Ser.Latifolia仅在一个酶切位点上有差异,说明其间关系非常密切,Sect. Padia中的两个系Ser. Meyerianae和Ser.Ridleyianae与Sect.Oryza所包括的两个系Ser. Oryza与Ser. Latifolia有明显分化,两个孤立类群O brachytrntha f770.scl71echteri与Ser. Ridleyi聚在一起。 这一结果与Vaughan(1994)将两孤立种和O.ridteyi复合体同置于其系统中的Sect. Ridleyanae是吻合的。

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Se ha estudiado la composición, abundancia y distribución de las especies de Tintinida (Protozoa: Ciliata) en relación con las condiciones ambientales, entre 1982 y 1985. Se han identificado 54 especies pertenecientes a 30 géneros y 12 familias. Se utilizaron 901 muestras colectadas con red estándar de fitoplancton en 15 cruceros realizados por el Instituto del Mar del Perú, entre la primavera de 1982 y el verano de 1985, a lo largo del litoral peruano, entre Puerto Pizarro (04' S) e llo (18°S). Además se estudiaron 216 muestras de agua obtenidas con botellas Niskin en 7 estaciones distribuidas a lo largo del perfil Callao (12° S) y a profundidades de 0, 10, 25 y 50 m. Las mayores densidades se presentaron en el verano de 1985, por las especies: Eutintinnus tubulosus, Hellicostomella longa y H. subulata, época considerada como normal de acuerdo a las condiciones oceanográficas. La composición por especies cambia con la distancia de la costa. Dentro de las 30 mn predominaron H. longa y H. subulata; y en la región oceánica: Eutintinnus similis, Oadayiella ganymedes y X ystonella treforti, especies de aguas subtropicales superficia­les. En la distribución vertical, las mayores concentraciones se encontraron entre los O y 25 m de profundidad, muy cerca de la costa.

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Durante o ano de 1998 foram conduzidos quatro experimentos em Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em condições de caixas d'água, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de alguns herbicidas sobre Eicchornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Thypha subulata e Salvinia molesta. Os herbicidas e doses utilizadas foram: imazapyr a 125, 250, 500, 1.000, 1.500 e 2.000 g e.a./ha; 2,4 D a 1.200 g e.a./ha; glyphosate a 3.360 g e.a./ha. Houve, ainda, uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As parcelas experimentais foram constituídas pelas caixas d'água com dimensões de 60x60x60 cm e colocadas a pleno sol no campo. Utilizou-se 3, 12, 25 e 60 plantas/caixa de T. subulata, P. stratiotes, E. crassipes e S. molesta, respectivamente. Os herbicidas foram aplicados com pulverizador costal a pressão constante de CO2 de 1,75 Bar, munido de barra com bicos Teejet 110.02 VS e com um consumo de calda de 200 l/ha. Foram efetuadas avaliações visuais de controle de sete em sete dias por 35 a 49 dias, dependendo da espécie. Todos os herbicidas testados foram eficientes no controle de E. crassipes e o imazapyr foi o único herbicida a promover morte total das plantas, independente da dose utilizada. Os herbicidas 2,4 D e glyphosate não foram eficientes no controle de P. stratiotes. O herbicida imazapyr foi eficiente no controle de P. stratiotes, exceto na dose de 125 g e.a./ha. Todos os herbicidas foram eficientes no controle de T. subulata, exceção ao imazapyr na dose de125 g e.a./ha. Houve rebrota de T. subulata nas parcelas aplicadas com 2,4 D. Nenhum tratamento químico foi eficiente no controle de S. molesta.

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Algumas espécies de plantas aquáticas têm-se tornado problemáticas em reservatórios hidrelétricos no Brasil, devido a sua grande capacidade de reprodução. O objetivo destes trabalho foi diferenciar Brachiaria mutica, Brachiaria subquadripara, Panicum repens, Eichhornia crassipes, Heteranthera reniformis, Typha ubulata e Enhydra anagallis, utilizando-se 19 caracteres estruturais quantitativos do limbo foliar, que se relacionassem com a penetração e translocação de herbicidas. Amostras do terço médio do limbo foram fixadas em FAA 50, cortadas transversalmente em micrótomo com 8 mm de espessura e coradas com azul-de-toluidina. Foram quantificados (%) os seguintes caracteres estruturais da nervura central (NC) e da região internervural (IN): epidermes adaxial e abaxial, feixe vascular, bainha do feixe vascular, esclerênquima, parênquima e lacunas do aerênquima, além da espessura da folha, do número de estômatos e do número de tricomas nas faces adaxial e abaxial. Os 19 caracteres estruturais foram submetidos à Análise de Agrupamento e Análise de Componentes Principais. Houve a formação de três grupos principais: grupo 1 B. mutica, B. subquadripara e P. repens (Poaceae); grupo 2 E. crassipes e H. reniformis (Pontederiaceae) e E. anagallis (Asteraceae); e grupo 3 apenas T. subulata (Typhaceae). Os caracteres com maior poder discriminatório foram: porcentagem de epiderme adaxial (IN); porcentagem de epiderme abaxial; feixe vascular; bainha do feixe vascular; esclerênquima e lacunas do aerênquima (NC e IN); espessura da folha e número de estômatos das faces adaxial e abaxial. Concluiu-se que os caracteres estruturais quantitativos permitiram diferenciar essas espécies daninhas aquáticas em fase vegetativa.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)