Effect of different feeds and water salinities on the cyst production of brine shrimp, Artemia sp.

Effect of different feeds and salinities on cyst production in Artemia sp. was studied. Among the 12 different feeds used, ragi powder suspension showed the best growth and cyst production. A wide range of salinity from 90 to 210‰ was used to study its effect on cyst production. Among all these treatments, 130‰ salinity was found suitable for induction of oviparity and cyst production in the San Francisco Bay strain of Artemia sp.

Some observations on the growth and cyst production characteristics of the brine shrimp Artemia sp. (Gujarat strain) in pond culture and its potential for import substitution

Experimental culture of the brine shrimp Artemia sp. (Gujarat strain) and production of cyst is discussed. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of the cyst and its economic potential for import substitution are highlighted.

Artemia sp. na alimentação de larvas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

A considerable problem in the catfish larvae rearing is related to the first feeding. This study aimed to determine the larvae growth and the survival of silver catfish submitted to feeding with Artemia sp. in different time periods. The study was conducted in the Aquaculture Laboratory of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, with four treatments and five replications, constituted by feeding with Artemia sp. in 5, 10, 15 and 20 days, and after each period of time, by its replacement by ration. We used 200 larvae distributed into 20 aquariums, soon after the eggs hatched. The larvae were fed 4 times a day until apparent satiation for 30 days. The Artemia sp. feeding for 15 days provided the best results on weight gain, final length and survival.

Use of different commercial Artemia sp. Enrichements in Octopus Vulgaris, paralarval rearing at initial planctonic phase: effects on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of the paralarvae

[EN] Octopus "paralarvae", are planktonic, swim actively and have high metabolic rates, requiring large quantities of live prey of adequate motility and nutritional quality ( Iglesias et al., 2000; Navarro and Villanueva, 2000, 2003). During the planktonic phase, they undergo strong morphological changes, after which the octopuses start settling to the bottom. The potential of Octopus vulgaris as candiadate for diversification of marine aquacultures are mainly due to its high food conversion rate and fast growth.( Iglesias et al 2006). Despite the research effort taken until now, paralarval rearing of O. vulgaris still suffers high mortalities which limited the industrial culture of this species. The main problems in the paralarval rearing stages are the high mortality rates and poor growth. These are attributed to the lack of standardized culture techniques and nutritional deficiencies in the diet of paralarvae, especially in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). The objective if this experience was to test different commercial live prey enrichment to improve nutritional quality of the artemia.

Juvenile development of the crab Bathyrhombila sp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pseudorhombilidae) from megalopae obtained in the neuston

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento juvenil do caranguejo Bathyrhombila sp. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pseudorhombilidae), a partir de megalopas obtidas no nêuston

O reconhecimento de braquiúros jovens, obtidos na natureza, é extremamente difícil, pois nesta fase os caranguejos não apresentam as mesmas características dos adultos. Além disso, há falta de estudos sobre o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário desses animais. Nada é conhecido sobre o desenvolvimento juvenil para os representantes da família Pseudorhombilidae. Este trabalho analisa o crescimento de Bathyrhombila sp., e apresenta detalhes morfológicos para identificação dos estágios de desenvolvimento. Os decapoditos de braquiúros foram coletados com redes de nêuston na região de Ubatuba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As larvas foram transportadas para o laboratório e cultivadas isoladamente em recipientes rotulados, contendo água do mar filtrada e aerada, além de alimentadas com nauplius de Artemia sp. Obteve-se 11 estágios juvenis para machos e 14 para fêmeas. A morfologia e o número de cerdas presentes nos apêndices são descritos, em especial, para o 1º estágio juvenil. Os caracteres sexuais secundários aparecem a partir do 4º estágio juvenil. Uma comparação com as demais esp��cies de caranguejos já estudadas evidenciou que Bathyrhombila sp. possui a forma da carapaça semelhante à de Eurytium limosum. Além disso, Bathyrhombila sp. possui cinco artículos no endopodito do segundo maxilípede, enquanto as outras esp��cies de Xanthoidea e Eriphioidea possuem quatro

Physiological and metabolic effects of nutrient enrichment on adult Artemia franciscana

[EN] Brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia sp.) are used in aquaculture as the major food source for many cultured marine larvae, and also used in the adult phase for many juvenile and adult fish. One artemia species, Artemia franciscana is most commonly preferred, due to the availability of its cysts and to its ease in hatching and biomass production. The problem with A. franciscana is that its nutritional quality is relatively poor in essential fatty acids, so that it is common practice to enrich it with emulsions like SELCO and ORIGO. This “bioencapsulation”, enrichment method permits the incorporation of different kinds of products into the artemia. This brine-shrimp’s non-selective particle-feeding habits, makes it particularly suitable for this enrichment process. The bioencapsulation is done just prior to feeding the artemia to a predator organism. This allows the delivery of different substances, not only for nutrient enrichment, but also for changing pigmentation and administering medicine. This is especially useful in culturing ornamental seahorses and tropical fish in marine aquaria In this study the objectives were to determine, the relative nutrient value of ORIGO and SELCO as well as the optimal exposure to these supplements prior to their use as food-organisms.

Enriquecimiento de Artemia franciscana (Kellog, 1906) con microencapsulado de subproductos de anchoveta para alimentación de larvas de lenguado Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner, 1867)

Siendo el "lenguado" Paralichthys adspersus una de las especies endémicas del litoral peruano, además de ser una especie con un alto valor comercial por su contenido de carne comparado con otras especies marinas y siendo una de las especies que han sido promovidas como potencial acuícola según el Plan Nacional de Acuicultura 2013-2021. Los peces marinos son incapaces de sintetizar directamente los ácidos grasos de cadena larga altamente insaturados, transformar el ácido linolénico (18:3n-3) a ácidos grasos altamente ínsaturados (HUFA), como es el docosahexaenoíco DHA. y eicosapentanoico EPA requeridos para su desarrollo digestivo y pigmentación, por tanto, tienen la necesidad de incorporar en la dieta estos últimos para un normal crecimiento. Es así que surge la necesidad de incorporar estos ácidos grasos en el alimento vivo mediante el uso de enriquecedores con objeto de mejorar la alimentación y aumentar la producción de larvas, puesto que es el paso previo para la pues.ta de un cultivo a una escala comercial. El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en el laboratorio de Cultivo de Peces del Instituto del Mar del Perú, consistió en evaluar el enriquecimiento de Artemia sp. con microencapsulado de subproductos de anchoveta para la alimentación de larvas de lenguado Paralichthys adspersus y conocer si es posible que ellas puedan asimilar las artemias enriquecidas. Las larvas fueron mantenidas en un sistema de recirculación, se tomaron los parámetros físicos y químicos. Para la elaboración del microencapsulado en base de ensilado de pescado y de concentrado soluble de pescado se utilizó la técnica de coacervación simple el tiempo de enriquecimiento fue de 2,5 y 7 horas la dosis fue de 1g de enriquecedor /200000 nauplios de artemia.s por ml El experimento duro 24 días, luego de este se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas, sobrevívencía, incremento de talla y peso a las larvas dando como resultado el enriquecedor en base del ensilado mostro la mayor cantidad de EPA con 19,4% de todos los tratamientos y el porcentaje de DHA de 13.4% con una relación DHA/EPA de 0.7. El enriquecedor en base del concentrado soluble de pescado fue el que obtuvo 17.2% de EPA y la menor cantidad de DHA con 7.3% de los tres tratamientos con una relación casi nula de DHA/EPA de 0.4 que fue la menor de todos como era de esperarse por su bajo contenido de lípidos en la preparación del mícroencapsulado . En enriquecedor en base del Selco obtuvo la menor cantidad de EPA con 8.1% de los tres tratamiento$ y una cantidad de DHA de 22.2% que fue la mayor en los tres tratamientos aunque la relación de DHA/EPA fue de 2.8 que también fue la mayor de todos. En cuanto a los resultados, se alcanzó la talla promedio de 8,2 mm el peso promedio en 0.05 g y la mejor sobrevivencía de 99 % con el concentrado soluble de pescado. Adicionalmente se analizó los costos de elaboración de los enriquecedores llegado el ensilado a 35 nuevos soles, el selco a 240 soles y el concentrado soluble de pescado a 32 soles.

TiO(2)-PHOTOCATALYZED DEGRADATION OF PHENOL IN SALINE MEDIA IN AN ANNULAR REACTOR: HYDRODYNAMICS, LUMPED KINETICS, INTERMEDIATES, AND ACUTE TOXICITY

The photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous suspensions of TiO(2) under different salt concentrations in an annular reactor has been investigated. In all cases, complete removal of phenol and mineralization degrees above 90% were achieved. The reactor operational parameters were optimized and its hydrodynamics characterized in order to couple mass balance equations with kinetic ones. The photodegradation of the organics followed a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen- Watson lumped kinetics. From GC/MS analyses, several intermediates formed during oxidation have been identified. The main ones were catechol, hydroquinone, and 3-phenyl-2-propenal, in this order. The formation of negligible concentrations of 4-chlorophenol was observed only in high salinity medium. Acute toxicity was determined by using Artemia sp. as the test organism, which indicated that intermediate products were all less toxic than phenol and a significant abatement of the overall toxicity was accomplished, regardless of the salt concentration.

Growth rate of the crab Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901 (Crustacea : Decapoda : Pinnotheroidea) under laboratory conditions

The goal of the present study was to investigate the growth rate of the crab Dissodactylus crinitiehelis, its molt increments, and the duration of the intermolt intervals under laboratory conditions, focusing on differences between sexes and between juvenile and adult phases. Crabs were collected at Flamengo Beach, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, by scuba divers. In the laboratory, individuals were maintained in isolation and fed nauplii of Artemia sp. daily. The sex and carapace width of exuviae and dead crabs were recorded. During the juvenile phase, mean growth was 11.8 +/- 2.7% in males and 11.2 +/- 3.6% in females, with their respective intermolt intervals 25.4 +/- 9.2 and 26.4 +/- 8.3 d (mean +/- SD). After reaching morphological sexual maturity, the intermolt intervals increased to 33.4 10.1 d in males and 32.7 +/- 10.4 d in females, and the growth rates of both sexes slowed to 6.4 +/- 1.9% in males and 5.7 +/- 1.6% in females. There was a significant decrease in molt increment and an increase in intermolt intervals associated with the maturation from juveniles to adults, evidencing differential energy allocation during the last phase of ontogeny.

Larval cannibalism rates in the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Decapoda : Ocypodidae) under laboratory conditions

Predation of zoeas by megalopae of Ucides cordatus is frequently observed in the laboratory during larval rearing, a phenomenon that could considerably reduce the output of larviculture. Experiments were carried out in the present study to assess how the survivorship of larvae at the end of the larviculture is influenced by cannibalism by megalopae on the larvae of earlier stages, as well as on other megalopae. In addition, tests were performed to assess whether the adoption of different feeding protocols can decrease cannibalism rates. Experiments were carried out in plastic vials containing ocean water (salinity 25 g L-1) under controlled environmental conditions (26 degrees C and 16:8 h LD photoperiod). An ensemble analysis of all the developmental stages indicated that zoeal mortality rates were significantly higher in the presence of megalopae, a result that is consistent with cannibalism by megalopae. However, separate analysis for each developmental stage indicated that only zoea IV, V and VI show reduced survivorship. No cannibalism was detected among megalopae. Food supplementation using Artemia sp. at a density of 6 nauplii mL(-1) proved to be successful in reducing cannibalism rates, whereas supplementation at a lower density (0.3 nauplii mL(-1)) failed to show such an effect. The implications of these results for the larviculture of U. cordatus are discussed.

Desenvolvimento juvenil de Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Calappidae), em laboratório

The Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) juvenile development was studied in laboratory, under the morphological and systematical stand points. The eight early juvenile stages were obtained from larvae hatched from eggs of two ovigerous females, collected at the northern coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a climatically controlled room at 25 ± 1°C, and steady saltness of 34 . The youngs were maintened individually and food consisted of Artemia sp. nauplii and fragments of fish muscle.The first juvenile stage were particulary drawn and described. For the remaining juvenile stages the most representative frameworks were picked out, which allowed the characterization of the first eight stages. According to juvenile morphology studies, it was noted that secondary sexual characters differentation begins from the third stage.

Influência do fotoperíodo no crescimento e sobrevivência de póslarvas de piracanjuba Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1849) (Osteichthyes, Characidae)

This paper aims at studying the influence of photoperiod on the cultivation of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1849) (Osteichthyes, Characidae) post-larvae submitted to four treatments: 0L-24D (L=Light; D=Dark), 10 - L14D, 14L - 10D and 24L-0D, with 3 repetitions. Post-larvae measuring 7.8±0.7mm and weighting 3.5±0.8mg were distributed in 12 aquariums (10L), stocked with 12 post-larvae per aquarium. Fishes were fed daily with Artemia sp. nanplii, in 10 days experiment. A positive relationship between the survival rate (88.9±9.7%) observed in the treatment with 24 hours of luminosity, and the lowest (58.3±8.3%), in the treatment with 24 hours of darkness. No difference was showed (P>0.05) in the mean length and weight of the post-larvae, although there was greater heterogeneity among the post-larvae cultivated at the longer darkness period.

Treinamento alimentar de pintado Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Agassiz, 1829): sobrevivência, crescimento e aspectos econômicos

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Desenvolvimento juvenil de duas esp��cies de siri (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) de importância econômica)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)