Re-Presenting/Representing Melbourne: A literary and cultural analysis of Melbourne’s inner city and outer suburbs in contemporary fiction

This article provides an overview of a research project investigating contemporary literary representations of Melbourne’s inner and outer suburban spaces. It will argue that the city represented by local writers is an often more complex way of envisioning the city than the one presented in public policy and cultural discourses. In this view, the writer’s vision of a city does not necessarily override or provide a “truer’ account but it is in the fictional city where the complexity of the everyday life of a city is most accurately portrayed. The article will also provide an overview of the theoretical framework for reading the fictional texts in this way, examining how Soja’s concept of Thirdspace (2006) provides a place to engage “critically with theoretical issues, while simultaneously being that space where the debate occurs” (Mole 2008: 3).

The dynamics of movement: Toward a definition of a Latin American identity in contemporary fiction

Concha Meléndez opened up a venue for the discussion of a Latin American identity in works of literature when she implied that the great Latin American novel would gestate in the cities, the space where the typical Latin American would achieve an ideal state of consciousness and intellectual capabilities. ^ Her point of view mirrored nineteenth-century debate on a Latin American identity. Similar to her viewpoint, intellectuals of this period viewed the cities and their inhabitants of European extraction, as the ideal spaces and people on which an identity could be defined. However, the present state of urban and rural areas in Latin America demonstrates that there is no such clear-cut division of city and countryside or of their inhabitants. The dynamics of movement, from rural to urban areas, of people of diverse ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds, make it difficult to uphold descriptors of space, race, or culture, as sole descriptors of an identity. ^ A study of five twentieth-century novels from North and South America, La muerte de Artemio Cruz (1962), Hasta no verte Jesús mío (1969), Los ríos profundos (1981), La casa de los espíritus (1982), and Los años con Laura Díaz (1999) reveal that the dynamism of movement, between countryside, and cities of peoples of distinct races and social backgrounds, hamper the definition of a collective identity in specific spaces. As characters move, they are constantly reconfiguring their identities and creating tensions and conflicts that intensify social, racial and economic divisions in society. This makes it difficult to ascribe permanent identity descriptors, much less define a collective identity. ^ However, as writers of fiction address the malaise in Latin American societies, they have unearthed descriptors such as history, economy, land, and movement that advance a collective definition of self in these societies. Additionally, female characters have been granted a new identity. The overwhelming evidence in this study points to ‘land’ as the prime factor in the identity dilemma and suggests that a definition will not be possible until the vast landless populace is granted a space they can call home. Only then, perhaps, will Meléndez novel surface. ^

Economías literarias en algunas ficciones argentinas del 2000 (Casas, Incardona, Cucurto y Mariano Llinás)

En el marco de las discusiones en torno al "valor" en tiempos de posautonomía, se diagrama un mapa que articula los diversos modos en que los textos narrativos de los poetas Fabián Casas, Washington Cucurto y Juan Diego Incardona, reinventan, singularmente, el imaginario populista (nostalgia barrial desplazada al vacío representacional de la experiencia zen; religación ideológica y política del sujeto colectivo; discurso revolucionario en clave de farsa y banalidad), a la vez que definen, desde esas inflexiones, tres economías ficcionales como tres posiciones en relación con el trabajo como uno de los nudos de la cultura del nuevo capitalismo: ocio, artesanía, y superproducción. La película Historias extraordinarias de Mariano Llinás constituye otra versión del modelo artesanal y, desde su particular economía, un acontecimiento narrativo en la ficción argentina del presente

Economías literarias en algunas ficciones argentinas del 2000 (Casas, Incardona, Cucurto y Mariano Llinás)

En el marco de las discusiones en torno al "valor" en tiempos de posautonomía, se diagrama un mapa que articula los diversos modos en que los textos narrativos de los poetas Fabián Casas, Washington Cucurto y Juan Diego Incardona, reinventan, singularmente, el imaginario populista (nostalgia barrial desplazada al vacío representacional de la experiencia zen; religación ideológica y política del sujeto colectivo; discurso revolucionario en clave de farsa y banalidad), a la vez que definen, desde esas inflexiones, tres economías ficcionales como tres posiciones en relación con el trabajo como uno de los nudos de la cultura del nuevo capitalismo: ocio, artesanía, y superproducción. La película Historias extraordinarias de Mariano Llinás constituye otra versión del modelo artesanal y, desde su particular economía, un acontecimiento narrativo en la ficción argentina del presente

Economías literarias en algunas ficciones argentinas del 2000 (Casas, Incardona, Cucurto y Mariano Llinás)

En el marco de las discusiones en torno al "valor" en tiempos de posautonomía, se diagrama un mapa que articula los diversos modos en que los textos narrativos de los poetas Fabián Casas, Washington Cucurto y Juan Diego Incardona, reinventan, singularmente, el imaginario populista (nostalgia barrial desplazada al vacío representacional de la experiencia zen; religación ideológica y política del sujeto colectivo; discurso revolucionario en clave de farsa y banalidad), a la vez que definen, desde esas inflexiones, tres economías ficcionales como tres posiciones en relación con el trabajo como uno de los nudos de la cultura del nuevo capitalismo: ocio, artesanía, y superproducción. La película Historias extraordinarias de Mariano Llinás constituye otra versión del modelo artesanal y, desde su particular economía, un acontecimiento narrativo en la ficción argentina del presente

Recollecting Work : Labour and Class in Contemporary North American Historical Fiction

Ma thèse examine quatre romans de l`époque post-1960 qui s’appuient sur le genre de la littérature prolétarienne du début du vingtième siècle. Se basant sur les recherches récentes sur la littérature de la classe ouvrière, je propose que Pynchon, Doctorow, Ondaatje et Sweatman mettent en lumière les thèmes souvent négligés de cette classe tout en restant esthétiquement progressiste et pertinents. Afin d’explorer les aspects politiques et formels de ces romans, j’utilise la « midfiction », le concept d’Allen Wilde. Ce concept vise les textes qui utilisent les techniques postmodernes et qui acceptent la primauté de la surface, mais qui néanmoins essaient d’être référentiels et d’établir des vérités. Le premier chapitre de ma thèse propose que les romans prolétariens contemporains que j’ai choisis utilisent des stratégies narratives généralement associées avec le postmodernisme, telles que la métafiction, l’ironie et une voix narrative « incohérente », afin de contester l’autorité des discours dominants, notamment les histoires officielles qui ont tendance à minimiser l’importance des mouvements ouvriers. Le deuxième chapitre examine comment les romanciers utilisent des stratégies mimétiques afin de réaliser un facteur de crédibilité qui permet de lier les récits aux des réalités historiques concrètes. Me référant à mon argument du premier chapitre, j’explique que ces romanciers utilisent la référentialité et les voix narratives « peu fiables » et « incohérentes », afin de politiser à nouveau la lutte des classes de la fin du dix-neuvième et des premières décennies du vingtième siècles et de remettre en cause un sens strict de l’histoire empirique. Se basant sur les théories évolutionnistes de la sympathie, le troisième chapitre propose que les représentations des personnages de la classe dirigeante riche illustrent que les structures sociales de l’époque suscitent un sentiment de droit et un manque de sympathie chez les élites qui les font adopter une attitude quasi-coloniale vis-à-vis de la classe ouvrière. Le quatrième chapitre aborde la façon dont les romans en considération négocient les relations entre les classes sociales, la subjectivité et l’espace. Cette section analyse comment, d’un côté, la représentation de l’espace montre que le pouvoir se manifeste au bénéfice de la classe dirigeante, et de l’autre, comment cet espace est récupéré par les ouvriers radicaux et militants afin d’avancer leurs intérêts. Le cinquième chapitre explore comment les romans néo-prolétariens subvertissent ironiquement les tropes du genre prolétarien précédent, ce qui exprimerait l’ambivalence politique et le cynisme généralisé de la fin du vingtième siècle.

'Dripping sweat: sub-tropical spaces in recent Brisbane fiction'

This paper considers the literary landscape of contemporary Brisbane and pays particular attention to the relationship between sub-tropical spaces (homes, streets, and clubs) and local writing. ‘Dripping Sweat’ proposes that within the new urban cool of Brisbane’s cultural life there is nostalgia for the sub-tropical environment that continues to intrude on contemporary fiction. The paper considers the architecture of both public and private spaces and discusses how the literary imagination re-designs contemporary Brisbane with a selective appropriation of environmental settings.

Aesthetic campaigns and counter-campaigns. Jorge Luis Borges and a century of the Argentine detective story (1877-1977)

This cultural history of Argentine crime fiction involves a comprehensive analysis of the literary and critical traditions within the genre, paying particular attention to the series of ‘aesthetic campaigns’ waged by Jorge Luis Borges and others during the period between 1933 and 1977. The methodological approach described in the introductory chapter builds upon the critical insight that in Argentina, generic discourse has consistently been the domain, not only of literary critics in the traditional mould, but also of prominent writers of fiction and specialists from other disciplines, effectively transcending the traditional tripartite ‘division of labour’ between writers, critics and readers. Chapter One charts the early development of crime fiction, and contextualises the evolution of the classical and hardboiled variants that were to provide a durable conceptual framework for discourse in the Argentine context. Chapter Two examines a number of pioneering early works by Argentine authors, before analysing Borges’ multi-faceted aesthetic campaign on behalf of the ‘classical’ detective story. Chapter Three examines a transitional period for the Argentine crime genre, book-ended by the three Vea y Lea magazine-sponsored detective story competitions that acted as a vital stimulus to innovation among Argentine writers. It includes a substantial treatment of the work of Rodolfo Walsh, documenting his transition from crime writer and anthologist to pioneer of the non-fiction novel and investigative journalism traditions. Chapter Four examines the period in which the novela negra came to achieve dominance in Argentina, in particular the aesthetic counter-campaigns conducted by Ricardo Piglia and others on behalf of the hard-boiled variant. The study concludes with a detailed analysis of Pablo Leonardo’s La mala guita (1976), which is considered as a paradigmatic example of crime fiction in Argentina in this period. The final chapter presents conclusions and a summary of the dissertation, and recommendations for further research.

La pelota no se mancha: Un estudio histórico sobre el desarrollo y la política en FIFA

Esta investigación se centra en la Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) como organización política. Intenta responder dos interrogantes primordiales: 1) ¿cómo la FIFA ha constituido el poder que tiene actualmente y, así, hacerse del monopolio indiscutido del fútbol? Y 2) ¿cómo ha cambiado en el tiempo la política interna de FIFA y su vínculo con la política internacional? Para lograr esto, se realiza un estudio histórico, basado principalmente en documentos, que intenta caracterizar y analizar los cambios de la organización en el tiempo. Se enfatizan las últimas dos presidencias de FIFA, de João Havelange y Joseph Blatter, como casos de estudio.

Kuviteltu aatelismies : Aateluus viholliskuvana ja itseymmärryksenä 1800-luvun Suomessa

An imagined nobleman Nobility as an enemy image and in-group identity in nineteenth-century Finland The focal point of this study is the difficult relationship between two seemingly very different 19th-century elite groups, the upwardly mobile bourgeois intelligentsia and the slowly declining traditional nobility. In the thinking of the bourgeois contender the two emerged as exact opposites, styled as conflicting ideal types: an outdated, exclusive, degenerate hereditary aristocracy versus a dynamic and progressive new force in society, recruited solely on the basis of personal merit, originating from the common people and representing the nation. The appearance of an important 19th-century novelty, print publicity, coincided with the emergence of the bourgeois intelligentsia. The institutions of the developing publishing industry were manned by the aspiring new group. The strengthening flow of progressive, democratic, nationalist ideas distributed via the printing presses carried an undercurrent of self-promotion. It transmitted to the developing readership the self-image of the new cultural bourgeoisie as the defender and benevolent educator of the nation. Having won the contest over the media, the intelligentsia was free to present its predecessor and rival as an enemy of the people. In its politics the nobility emerged as an ideal scapegoat, represented as the source for existing social evils, all if which would promptly go away after its disappearance. It also served as a black backcloth, against which the democratic, national, progressive bourgeois intelligentsia would shine more brightly. In order to shed light on the 19th-century process of (re)modelling the image of nobility as a public enemy I have used four different types of source materials. These include three genres of print publicity, ranging from popular historical and contemporary fiction to nonfictional presentations of national history and the news and political commentaries of the daily papers, complemented by another, originally oral type of publicity, the discussion protocols of the Finnish four-estate parliament. To counterpoint these I also analysed the public self-image of the nobility, particularly vis-à-vis the nationalist and democratic ethos of the modernising politics.

Trânsitos ficcionais: um estudo sobre a experiência da viagem na ficção contemporânea

Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a experiência da viagem no contexto da ficção contemporânea brasileira. Para tanto, serão utilizadas as constantes viagens do protagonista do romance Budapeste, de Chico Buarque, para discutir as questões que serão apresentadas. Com a ajuda do pensamento de estudiosos como Bauman, Augé, Schutz, Maffesoli, Deleuze e Guattari, este estudo seguirá os trânsitos ficcionais e as linhas de fuga do protagonista para discutir sobre o modo como o homem contemporâneo vivencia a experiência da mobilidade

Identidade, exílio e memória: representações da cultura árabe na ficção brasileira contemporânea

Ao trazer registros de como a cultura árabe ou o imigrante árabe foi representado pela literatura brasileira desde os escritos coloniais, pretendemos refletir sobre a ficção brasileira contemporânea, que, diferentemente dos períodos anteriores, lança um olhar profundo sobre a imigração árabe para o Brasil, o que possibilita uma releitura do processo de inserção do imigrante na sociedade brasileira, principalmente para os descendentes de primeira e segunda geração. O corpus escolhido é composto por duas narrativas: o romance Dois irmãos (2000), de Milton Assi Hatoum, escritor manaura, nascido em 1950, filho de imigrantes árabes sírio-libaneses; e a narrativa O enigma de Qaf (2004), de Alberto Mussa, carioca, nascido em 1961, neto de imigrantes árabes. Nossa pesquisa busca demonstrar que as obras ficcionais de escritores descendentes de imigrantes permitem uma reflexão densa sobre os conflitos da condição migrante, porém numa perspectiva diferente da visão estereotipada ou mesmo de uma tematização preconceituosa. Entendemos ser a literatura um espaço privilegiado para trazer à tona outras visões sobre a cultura árabe, deixando de lado, consequentemente, a única história já delineada pelo colonizador europeu, aquela contida nos livros didáticos, divulgada nos grandes meios de comunicação de massa e na história universal, segundo a qual os árabes são terroristas, fundamentalistas, desumanos, opressores da mulher, o turco da prestação, o vendedor ambulante. Trata-se, assim, de adotar um viés pós-colonial, segundo os estudos de Eloína Patri dos Santos (2005), na medida em que, sob tal viés, o colonizado pode relatar a sua experiência, de acordo com a sua própria versão, com a sua voz. A análise é elaborada por meio de três eixos: o ethos identitário, o pathos do exílio e o logos da memória. Com a abordagem desses eixos, buscamos enfatizar a construção, nos dois romances, de um espaço de enriquecimento cultural por meio de personagens despidos de exageros folclóricos, de uma ambientação sem exotismos, da tematização de ritos árabes sem estereótipos, e, principalmente, do maior legado da cultura árabe para a humanidade: a língua árabe. Buscamos, dessa forma, contribuir para uma maior compreensão da ficção brasileira contemporânea, além de colaborar com as pesquisas que tratam das representações e figurações do árabe produzidas no Brasil

‘Close as a kiss’: Gyn/Affection in Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad

Margaret Atwood’s novella The Penelopiad (2005) seemingly celebrates Penelope’s agency in opposition to Homer’s myth in The Odyssey. However, the twelve murdered maids steal the book to suggest the possibility of what Janice Raymond calls gyn/affection, a female bonding based on the logic of emotion that, in Atwood’s revision, verges on Kristevan abjection, the sinister and the fantastic, and serves a cathartic effect not only in the maids but also in the reader. This essay aims to question the generally accepted empowerment of Atwood’s Penelope and celebrates the murdered maids as the locus of emotion, where marginal aspects of gender and class merge to weave a powerful metaphorical tapestry of popular and traditionally feminized literary genres that, in plunging into and embracing the semiotic realm, ultimately solidify into an eclectic but compact alternative tradition of women’s writing and myth-making.

Dias inventados: o romance-diário na ficção portuguesa contemporânea

O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a definição de um paradigma teórico para o estudo do romance-diário em Portugal, assim como reconstituir a sua linhagem e incidência na narrativa portuguesa contemporânea. Apresenta-se, num primeiro momento, uma cartografia diacrónica da emergência e implantação do subgénero no campo literário português, desde finais do século XIX até à contemporaneidade, destacando os processos complementares de imitação e variação genológicas. Num segundo momento, partindo de um corpus constituído por cinco romances portugueses publicados nas últimas décadas do século XX, pretende-se averiguar algumas das modulações contemporâneas do romance-diário, por forma a demonstrar a capacidade de sobrevivência e renovação proteica da ficção diarística.