Les archives dans l'art de Robert Rauschenberg

Ce mémoire adopte une perspective archivistique afin d'examiner l'art de Robert Rauschenberg, un artiste américain ayant fait ses débuts sur la scène artistique new-yorkaise des années soixante. Il est pertinent de voir les stratégies d’appropriation des artistes des années soixante, dont faisait partie Rauschenberg, comme ayant « mis la table » pour le mouvement des artistes allant puiser dans les archives pour leur pratique artistique, mouvement qui s'est développé depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt et le début des années quatre-vingt-dix. L'ensemble des rapports de l'artiste avec les archives est d'abord étudié. Ensuite, une lecture archivistique d'un corpus d'oeuvres est réalisée afin de mieux comprendre les particularités de l'utilisation des archives par Rauschenberg. Les conditions d'utilisation des archives sont relevées ainsi que la conception des archives comme mémoire, pour se terminer avec les rapports entre les archives et la photographie.

Archive(s) : approche dialectique et exploitation artistique

Les archives sont aujourd’hui utilisées et envisagées hors de leur lieu traditionnel qu’est le service d’archives et souvent même hors de l’action des archivistes. Cette thèse de doctorat propose un renversement dialectique benjaminien dans la conception de l’archivistique dont le point central devient l’utilisation des archives définitives plutôt que la production des documents. Les premiers chapitres retracent les différentes compréhensions des archives depuis la création des institutions nationales au 19e siècle jusqu’au renouvellement opéré par certains archivistes se réclamant de la postmodernité à la fin du 20e siècle. Cette histoire des archives et de l’archivistique montre que les archives définitives sont caractérisées au regard du rapport au passé qu’elles permettent et que les archivistes pensent leur objet depuis la question historiographique de l’écriture de l’histoire. Ainsi, deux conceptions générales des archives coexistent aujourd’hui et apparaissent comme essentiellement contradictoires en ce que l’une (traditionnelle) est centrée sur le créateur des documents et le passé compris comme l’ensemble des actes posés par le créateur, tandis que l’autre (postmoderne) se fonde sur les fonctions sociales des archives et sur le rôle de l’archiviste. L’élément commun à ces deux visions est l’absence de prise en charge théorique des utilisateurs et de l’exploitation des documents. Or, en suivant les traces et la pensée de Walter Benjamin, nous proposons de penser la double nature des archives comme documents et comme témoignage tout en articulant cette pensée à l’archive comme modalité d’inscription de soi dans le temps. Il en ressort que les archives peuvent être considérées comme une objectivation du passé relevant d’une temporalité chronologique au cœur de laquelle réside, à l’état latent, l’archive potentiellement libératrice. L’exploitation artistique des archives, telle qu’elle est présentée dans le cinquième chapitre, montre comment la notion d’archives explose. En outre, l’observation de ce type particulier d’exploitation permet de mettre au jour le fait que les archives sont toujours inscrites dans des conditions d’utilisation (contexte, matérialité, dispositif, rapport au public) qui sont autant de conditions d’existence de l’archive. Parmi les questions abordées par les artistes celles de la mémoire, de l’authenticité, des archives comme moyen d’appropriation du monde et comme objet poétique sont alors autant de points d’entrée possibles pour revisiter l’archivistique. Le dernier chapitre synthétise l’ensemble des renouvellements proposés au fil de la thèse de manière implicite ou explicite. Nous y envisageons une temporalité non chronologique où les archives sont un objet du passé qui, saisi par un présent dialectique singulier, sont tournées à la fois vers le passé et vers l’avenir. De nouvelles perspectives sont ouvertes pour l’archivistique à partir des caractéristiques assignées aux archives par les artistes. Finalement, c’est le cycle de vie des archives qui peut être revu en y incluant l’exploitation comme dimension essentielle.

Archival Collections and TMS at Reynolda House Museum of American Art

Presentation from the MARAC conference in Roanoke, VA on October 7–10, 2015. S8 - Minimal Processing and Preservation: Friends or Foes?

Vykopirovka s plana Seĭtlerskoĭ dachi razverstani︠ia︡, Kr.A.S.SD.R., na uchastok zemli otvedennyĭ KOMZET'u (s -Kh. ART. "Rabotnik" - Aranda), pri provedenii rabot po zemreforme v 1930 g.

Digital image

Vykopirovka s plana Seĭtlerskoǐ dachi razverstani︠ia︡ Kr.A.S.SD.R., na uchastok zemli otvedennyĭ KOMZET'u (s.-kh. art. "Vozrazhdenie" - Krasn. Burlak), pri provedenii rabot po zemreforme v 1930 g.

Digital image

The Dark Monarch: magic and modernity in British art

This major curated exhibition, publication and events builds on Rowlands’ curatorial research. Working in collaboration with co-curators Martin Clark, Artistic Director, Tate St Ives and Michael Bracewell, cultural historian, the exhibition sought to explore new narratives within British art. The innovative curatorial methodology developed from a fiction found in the infamous novel, The Dark Monarch by Sven Berlin, Gallery Press 1962. The research sought specific archival and collection work that allowed thematic strands to emerge that represented influences across generations. The exhibition features two-hundred artworks, from the Tate Collection, archives and other significant British public and private collections. It examines the development of early Modernism, in the UK, as well as the reappearance of esoteric and arcane references in a significant strand of contemporary art practice. Historical works from Samuel Palmer, Graham Sutherland, Henry Moore and Paul Nash are shown alongside contemporary artists including Derek Jarman, Cerith Wyn Evans, Eva Rothschild, Linder and John Russell. The exhibition includes a key work by Damien Hirst ¬ the first time he has been shown at Tate St Ives and a number of contemporary commissions. The Dark Monarch publication extended the discourse of the research critically examining the tension between progressive modernity and romantic knowledge, the book focuses on the way that artworks are encoded with various histories - geological, mythical and magical. Essays examine magic as a counterpoint to modernity’s transparency and rational progress, but also draw out the links modernity has with notions such as fetishism, mana, totem, and the taboo. Often viewed as counter to Modernism, this collection of essays suggest that these products of illusion and delusion in fact belong to modernity. Drawing together 15 different writers commissioned to explore magic as a counterpoint of liberal understanding of modernity, drawing out links that modernity has with notions of fetish, taboo and occult philosophy. Including essays by Marina Warner, Ilsa Colsell, Philip Hoare, Chris Stephens, Jennifer Higgie and Morrissey.

Raw as Archival Still Image Format: A Consideration

Source materials like fine art, over-sized, fragile maps, and delicate artifacts have traditionally been digitally converted through the use of controlled lighting and high resolution scanners and camera backs. In addition the capture of items such as general and special collections bound monographs has recently grown both through consortial efforts like the Internet Archive's Open Content Alliance and locally at the individual institution level. These projects, in turn, have introduced increasingly higher resolution consumer-grade digital single lens reflex cameras or "DSLRs" as a significant part of the general cultural heritage digital conversion workflow. Central to the authors' discussion is the fact that both camera backs and DSLRs commonly share the ability to capture native raw file formats. Because these formats include such advantages as access to an image's raw mosaic sensor data within their architecture, many institutions choose raw for initial capture due to its high bit-level and unprocessed nature. However to date these same raw formats, so important to many at the point of capture, have yet to be considered "archival" within most published still imaging standards, if they are considered at all. Throughout many workflows raw files are deleted and thrown away after more traditionally "archival" uncompressed TIFF or JPEG 2000 files have been derived downstream from their raw source formats [1][2]. As a result, the authors examine the nature of raw anew and consider the basic questions, Should raw files be retained? What might their role be? Might they in fact form a new archival format space? Included in the discussion is a survey of assorted raw file types and their attributes. Also addressed are various sustainability issues as they pertain to archival formats with a special emphasis on both raw's positive and negative characteristics as they apply to archival practices. Current common archival workflows versus possible raw-based ones are investigated as well. These comparisons are noted in the context of each approach's differing levels of usable captured image data, various preservation virtues, and the divergent ideas of strictly fixed renditions versus the potential for improved renditions over time. Special attention is given to the DNG raw format through a detailed inspection of a number of its various structural components and the roles that they play in the format's latest specification. Finally an evaluation is drawn of both proprietary raw formats in general and DNG in particular as possible alternative archival formats for still imaging.

La memoria della pubblicità. Il ruolo dell'archivio. Il fondo Art Directors Club Italiano conservato al Centro Studi e Archivio della Comunicazione dell'Università di Parma.

La ricerca ha scelto di affrontare una serie di problemi connessi alla valorizzazione e alla conservazione del materiale pubblicitario rispetto a un caso studio selezionato, l’archivio dell’Art Directors Club Italiano conservato presso il Centro Studi e Archivio della Comunicazione dell’Università di Parma. Questo archivio è costituito principalmente da materiali della comunicazione pubblicitaria - suddivisi in categorie corrispondenti a media e tecniche - iscritti dal 1998 al 2003 agli ADCI Awards, il premio italiano di riferimento dedicato alla pubblicità e organizzato dall’Art Directors Club Italiano - ADCI a partire dall’anno della sua fondazione, il 1985. La sua storia è quindi connessa strettamente con quella dell’associazione, che rappresenta e riunisce professionisti della pubblicità che condividono obiettivi comuni, e in particolare il riconoscimento e la valorizzazione della creatività come elemento fondante della comunicazione d’impresa e istituzionale. Lo CSAC in parallelo, il contesto archivistico all’interno del quale questi fondi sono venuti a trovarsi in seguito alla donazione da parte dell’ADCI nel 2002-2003, è un centro di ricerca dell’Università di Parma dedicato alla conservazione e allo studio di archivi provenienti da diversi ambiti culturali. A partire da una mappatura dell’archivio e dalla ricostruzione di contesti e dibattiti fondamentali per studiare e organizzare i fondi, questa tesi si propone di individuare, in particolare attraverso gli strumenti digitali, possibili modalità di analisi, esposizione e accesso ai materiali, che possano aprire una rete di connessioni verso altri ambiti di ricerca e nuove prospettive in funzione delle storie della pubblicità.

Unsettling Histories: Representation and Indigenous Creative Art Praxis in Official Indian Residential School Redress

This dissertation offers an investigation of the role of visual strategies, art, and representation in reconciling Indian Residential School history in Canada. This research builds upon theories of biopolitics, settler colonialism, and race to examine the project of redress and reconciliation as nation and identity building strategies engaged in the ongoing structural invasion of settler colonialism. It considers the key policy moments and expressions of the federal government—from RCAP to the IRSSA and subsequent apology—as well as the visual discourse of reconciliation as it works through archival photography, institutional branding, and commissioned works. These articulations are read alongside the creative and critical work of Indigenous artists and knowledge producers working within and outside of hegemonic structures on the topics of Indian Residential School history and redress. In particular the works of Jeff Thomas, Adrian Stimson, Krista Belle Stewart, Christi Belcourt, Luke Marston, Peter Morin, and Carey Newman are discussed in this dissertation. These works must be understood in relationship to the normative discourse of reconciliation as a legitimizing mechanism of settler colonial hegemony. Beyond the binary of cooptation and autonomous resistance, these works demonstrate the complexity of representing Indigeneity: as an ongoing site of settler colonial encounter and simultaneously the forum for the willful refusal of contingency or containment.

Autoethnography : critical appreciation of an emerging art

In this article, the author discusses how she applied autoethnography in a study of the design of hypermedia educational resources and shows how she addressed problematic issues related to autoethnographic legitimacy and representation. The study covered a 6-year period during which the practitioner’s perspective on the internal and external factors influencing the creation of three hypermedia CD-ROMs contributed to an emerging theory of design. The author highlights the interrelationship between perception and reality as vital to qualitative approaches and encourages researchers to investigate their reality more fully by practicing the art of autoethnography.