Uso e gest��o de ��guas subterr��nea em Araguaína/TO

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

OS CONFLITOS E AS CONTRADI����ES NA AQUISI����O DA MORADIA SOCIAL NOS ENCLAVES DE POBREZA URBANA NO BRASIL: UMA AN��LISE SOBRE A CIDADE DE ARAGUA��NA-TO

A produ����o de moradia social no Brasil sempre esteve permeada, desde suas origens, pela perspectiva do custo/benef��cio. Assim, as determina����es do mercado, de uma maneira geral, e de modo espec��fico, do mercado imobili��rio, historicamente, tra��aram as matizes da pol��tica habitacional brasileira desde o come��o do s��culo XX, vindo a se gravar no momento atual. A par das contradi����es, pois ainda que se tenha percebido um avan��o na produ����o da moradia social no Brasil, pode-se afirmar que as rela����es capitalistas comandam a produ����o de habita����o social e, por seu turno, a aquisi����o da terra urbana, em todo o territ��rio brasileiro. Ao se colocar os interesses do mercado imobili��rio acima dos interesses e necessidades dos grupos sociais vulner��veis, est��o negligenciando, os direitos desses grupos a uma moradia adequada bem como suas necessidades de deslocamento, de lazer, de cultura e de trabalho. O presente estudo utiliza-se de base de dados dos ��rg��os governamentais, a exemplo do IBGE e do Minist��rio das Cidades. Faz uso tamb��m da base te��rico-metodol��gica sobre esta tem��tica, al��m de registros emp��ricos. �� sob esta perspectiva que se pretende discutir, aqui a produ����o e aquisi����o da moradia social no Brasil, e por seu turno uma equidade ao direito �� cidade.

Desenvolvimento profissional de professoras de matem��tica em Araguaína-Tocantins: cruzando caminhos, rompendo barreiras e fazendo hist��ria

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como se deu o desenvolvimento profissional de quatro professoras de matem��tica que lecionam na Rede P��blica Estadual em Araguaína - Tocantins. Para compreender o processo de desenvolvimento profissional das professoras, adotou-se como m��todo a pesquisa qualitativa, com enfoque narrativo, com base em entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Alicer��ado em um conceito de desenvolvimento profissional tomado numa perspectiva cont��nua, idealizado num contexto mais amplo do trabalho docente, permeando crises, conflitos, ang��stias e desilus��es, o estudo evidencia, no contexto dos resultados obtidos, que as m��ltiplas experi��ncias vividas pelas quatro professoras constituem-se base principal de todo o seu desenvolvimento profissional. Por interm��dio deste estudo, foi poss��vel perceber que as professoras vivenciaram mudan��as em seu percurso profissional, e que essas, ao se transformarem, foram modificando sua concep����o e postura diante do conhecimento e da pr��tica pedag��gica. Tal mudan��a n��o se deu sem estudo, sem crises e conflitos, sem reflex��o, sem o eu e o outro, sem correr e assumir riscos.

Valida����o de metodologia anal��tica para determina����o de merc��rio total em amostras de urina por espectrometria de absor����o at��mica com gera����o de vapor frio (CV-AAS): estudo de caso

Mercury is a toxic metal used in a variety of substances over the course history. One of its more dubious uses is in dental amalgam restorations. It is possible to measure very small concentrations of this metal in the urine of exposed subjects by the cold vapor atomic absorption technique. The present work features the validation as an essential tool to confirm the suitability of the analytical method chosen to accomplish such determination. An initial analysis will be carried out in order to evaluate the environmental and occupational levels of exposure to mercury in 39 members of the auxiliary dental staff at public consulting rooms in the city of Araguaína (TO).

Etiologia da podrid��o do coleto de Brachiaria brizantha em pastagens da amaz��nia

Desde 1995, pastos formados com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu v��m sendo devastados por uma doen��a cujo sintoma t��pico �� a morte de touceiras. Das amostras de plantas coletadas nos munic��pios de Paragominas (PA), Carutapera (MA) e Araguaína (TO), exibindo sintomas iniciais da doen��a, bem como, de sementes obteve-se quatro isolados de Pythium spp. e um de Rhizoctonia solani associados aos tecidos doentes. Os resultados dos testes de patogenicidade comprovaram que o principal agente da podrid��o do coleto do capim-braquiar��o �� Pythium periilum. A infesta����o do solo com mistura de in��culo dos tr��s isolados de P. periilum e de R. solani resultou em elevada quantidade de doen��a (p<0,01). Na presen��a de alta popula����o de R. solani, no solo, a associa����o desses pat��genos dever�� aumentar as ��reas degradadas de pasto de capim-braquiar��o, principalmente aquelas manejadas de modo inadequado, desde que R. solani �� um reconhecido pat��geno de B. brizantha. Trata-se do primeiro registro de P. periilum como agente prim��rio de doen��a, em coleto de B. brizantha.

Universidade da maturidade: ���uma��� metodologia de aten����o ao processo de envelhecimento humano na Universidade Federal do Tocantins

Nesta disserta����o, verificou-se com base nas indaga����es formuladas e as reflex��es realizadas a partir da compreens��o de que o envelhecimento da popula����o brasileira se configura num fen��meno social e irrevers��vel apresentou-se a quest��o norteadora desta pesquisa: A metodologia usada para trabalhar com adultos e velhos no Programa Universidade da Maturidade constitui-se em um paradigma para o desenvolvimento social do velho no Estado do Tocantins. A busca da resposta a essa indaga����o encaminhou a pesquisa para o estudo e compreens��o do objetivo geral desta disserta����o que foi conhecer os benef��cios realizados na UMA para a implementa����o das pol��ticas p��blicas sociais no Estado do Tocantins. Perseguiram-se os objetivos espec��ficos que visaram reconhecer o caminho metodol��gico da UMA/UFT desenvolvido em todos os polos do Tocantins; conhecer o perfil dos acad��micos da UMA/UFT. Para alcan��ar os objetivos fez-se um estudo de caso, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. As informa����es foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, di��rio de campo, question��rio e registro fotogr��fico. O campo de pesquisa foi o Programa Universidade da Maturidade - UMA polo de Araguaína e os participantes do estudo foram acad��micos, e docentes da UMA/Araguaína, gestores (reitor, pr��-reitores, diretores da UFT) que vivenciam a metodologia do objeto estudado.

Epidemiological and environmental aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in children under 15 years of age between 2007 and 2012 in the City of Araguaína, State of Tocantins, Brazil

Introduction Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) stands out as a zoonosis observed on four continents and also in urban expansion zones in several regions of Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study of VL cases in children under 15 years of age in the period from 2007 to 2012. Clinical data were gathered from medical reports; meteorological data were obtained at the Meteorological Measurement Department of UFT. Environmental variables were divided into two periods, rainy and dry. Results The study revealed no difference by gender (p=0.67) among the 821 patients. However, the most affected age group was between one and five years of age (58.6%; p<0.01); the highest prevalence of the disease (99.03%; p<0.01) occurred in urban zones; and the most affected ethnic group (85.5%; p<0.01) was mixed race. The highest incidence coefficients in this population occurred in 2007 and 2008 (578.39/100,000 inhabitants; 18.5/100,000 inhabitants, respectively), whereas the highest lethality coefficients occurred in 2008 and 2011 (0.85/100 deaths). There was no significant correlation between average rainfall and the number of VL cases. The correlation between temperature and number of VL cases was negative (r = -0.4039; p<0.01). Conclusions In Aragua&#237;na, visceral leishmaniasis in children under 15 years is an urban-based endemic disease distributed across all districts of the city wherein temperature as an environmental factor, a higher prevalence in mixed race children between one and five years of age, and a high incidence coefficient all strongly contribute to child mortality.

Detection of antibodies against Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in calves from the region of Araguaína, State of Tocantins, Brazil

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Hemorrhagic Shock Secondary To Button Battery Ingestion.

Button battery ingestion is a frequent pediatric complaint. The serious complications resulting from accidental ingestion have increased significantly over the last two decades due to easy access to gadgets and electronic toys. Over recent years, the increasing use of lithium batteries of diameter 20 mm has brought new challenges, because these are more detrimental to the mucosa, compared with other types, with high morbidity and mortality. The clinical complaints, which are often nonspecific, may lead to delayed diagnosis, thereby increasing the risk of severe complications. A five-year-old boy who had been complaining of abdominal pain for ten days, was brought to the emergency service with a clinical condition of hematemesis that started two hours earlier. On admission, he presented pallor, tachycardia and hypotension. A plain abdominal x-ray produced an image suggestive of a button battery. Digestive endoscopy showed a deep ulcerated lesion in the esophagus without active bleeding. After this procedure, the patient presented profuse hematemesis and severe hypotension, followed by cardiorespiratory arrest, which was reversed. He then underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and presented a new episode of cardiorespiratory arrest, which he did not survive. The battery was removed through rectal exploration. This case describes a fatal evolution of button battery ingestion with late diagnosis and severe associated injury of the digestive mucosa. A high level of clinical suspicion is essential for preventing this evolution. Preventive strategies are required, as well as health education, with warnings to parents, caregivers and healthcare professionals.

Adapting The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test To Diagnose Parkinson's Disease In Estonia.

The aim of the study was to develop a culturally adapted translation of the 12-item smell identification test from Sniffin' Sticks (SS-12) for the Estonian population in order to help diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD). A standard translation of the SS-12 was created and 150 healthy Estonians were questioned about the smells used as response options in the test. Unfamiliar smells were replaced by culturally familiar options. The adapted SS-12 was applied to 70 controls in all age groups, and thereafter to 50 PD patients and 50 age- and sex-matched controls. 14 response options from 48 used in the SS-12 were replaced with familiar smells in an adapted version, in which the mean rate of correct response was 87% (range 73-99) compared to 83% with the literal translation (range 50-98). In PD patients, the average adapted SS-12 score (5.4/12) was significantly lower than in controls (average score 8.9/12), p < 0.0001. A multiple linear regression using the score in the SS-12 as the outcome measure showed that diagnosis and age independently influenced the result of the SS-12. A logistic regression using the SS-12 and age as covariates showed that the SS-12 (but not age) correctly classified 79.0% of subjects into the PD and control category, using a cut-off of <7 gave a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 86% for the diagnosis of PD. The developed SS-12 cultural adaption is appropriate for testing olfaction in Estonia for the purpose of PD diagnosis.

Egfr Activating Mutations And Their Association With Response To Platinum-doublet Chemotherapy In Brazilian Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in Brazilian non-small cell lung cancer patients and to correlate these mutations with response to benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our cohort consisted of prospective patients with NSCLCs who received chemotherapy (platinum derivates plus paclitaxel) at the [UNICAMP], Brazil. EGFR exons 18-21 were analyzed in tumor-derived DNA. Fifty patients were included in the study (25 with adenocarcinoma). EGFR mutations were identified in 6/50 (12��%) NSCLCs and in 6/25 (24��%) adenocarcinomas; representing the frequency of EGFR mutations in a mostly self-reported White (82.0��%) southeastern Brazilian population of NSCLCs. Patients with NSCLCs harboring EGFR exon 19 deletions or the exon 21 L858R mutation were found to have a higher chance of response to platinum-paclitaxel (OR 9.67 [95��% CI 1.03-90.41], p���=���0.047). We report the frequency of EGFR activating mutations in a typical southeastern Brazilian population with NSCLC, which are similar to that of other countries with Western European ethnicity. EGFR mutations seem to be predictive of a response to platinum-paclitaxel, and additional studies are needed to confirm or refute this relationship.

Lung Age Is Related To Carotid Structural Alterations In Hypertensive Subjects.

Hypertensive patients exhibit higher cardiovascular risk and reduced lung function compared with the general population. Whether this association stems from the coexistence of two highly prevalent diseases or from direct or indirect links of pathophysiological mechanisms is presently unclear. This study investigated the association between lung function and carotid features in non-smoking hypertensive subjects with supposed normal lung function. Hypertensive patients (n = 67) were cross-sectionally evaluated by clinical, hemodynamic, laboratory, and carotid ultrasound analysis. Forced vital capacity, forced expired volume in 1 second and in 6 seconds, and lung age were estimated by spirometry. Subjects with ventilatory abnormalities according to current guidelines were excluded. Regression analysis adjusted for age and prior smoking history showed that lung age and the percentage of predicted spirometric parameters associated with common carotid intima-media thickness, diameter, and stiffness. Further analyses, adjusted for additional potential confounders, revealed that lung age was the spirometric parameter exhibiting the most significant regression coefficients with carotid features. Conversely, plasma C-reactive protein and matrix-metalloproteinases-2/9 levels did not influence this relationship. The present findings point toward lung age as a potential marker of vascular remodeling and indicate that lung and vascular remodeling might share common pathophysiological mechanisms in hypertensive subjects.

Ikk�� Is Key To Induction Of Insulin Resistance In The Hypothalamus, And Its Inhibition Reverses Obesity.

IKK epsilon (IKK��) is induced by the activation of nuclear factor-��B (NF-��B). Whole-body IKK�� knockout mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were protected from insulin resistance and showed altered energy balance. We demonstrate that IKK�� is expressed in neurons and is upregulated in the hypothalamus of obese mice, contributing to insulin and leptin resistance. Blocking IKK�� in the hypothalamus of obese mice with CAYMAN10576 or small interfering RNA decreased NF-��B activation in this tissue, relieving the inflammatory environment. Inhibition of IKK�� activity, but not TBK1, reduced IRS-1(Ser307) phosphorylation and insulin and leptin resistance by an improvement of the IR/IRS-1/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the hypothalamus. These improvements were independent of body weight and food intake. Increased insulin and leptin action/signaling in the hypothalamus may contribute to a decrease in adiposity and hypophagia and an enhancement of energy expenditure accompanied by lower NPY and increased POMC mRNA levels. Improvement of hypothalamic insulin action decreases fasting glycemia, glycemia after pyruvate injection, and PEPCK protein expression in the liver of HFD-fed and db/db mice, suggesting a reduction in hepatic glucose production. We suggest that IKK�� may be a key inflammatory mediator in the hypothalamus of obese mice, and its hypothalamic inhibition improves energy and glucose metabolism.

The Applicability Of Ordered Mesoporous Sba-15 And Its Hydrophobic Glutaraldehyde-bridge Derivative To Improve Ibuprofen-loading In Releasing System.

The mesoporous SBA-15 silica with uniform hexagonal pore, narrow pore size distribution and tuneable pore diameter was organofunctionalized with glutaraldehyde-bridged silylating agent. The precursor and its derivative silicas were ibuprofen-loaded for controlled delivery in simulated biological fluids. The synthesized silicas were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, (13)C and (29)Si solid state NMR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Surface functionalization with amine containing bridged hydrophobic structure resulted in significantly decreased surface area from 802.4 to 63.0 m(2) g(-1) and pore diameter 8.0-6.0 nm, which ultimately increased the drug-loading capacity from 18.0% up to 28.3% and a very slow release rate of ibuprofen over the period of 72.5h. The in vitro drug release demonstrated that SBA-15 presented the fastest release from 25% to 27% and SBA-15GA gave near 10% of drug release in all fluids during 72.5 h. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model better fits the release data with the Fickian diffusion mechanism and zero order kinetics for synthesized mesoporous silicas. Both pore sizes and hydrophobicity influenced the rate of the release process, indicating that the chemically modified silica can be suggested to design formulation of slow and constant release over a defined period, to avoid repeated administration.

Testosterone Therapy Differently Regulates The Anti- And Pro-inflammatory Cytokines In The Plasma And Prostate Of Rats Submitted To Chronic Ethanol Consumption (uchb).

Ethanol consumption damages the prostate, and testosterone is known by anti-inflammatory role. The cytokines were investigated in the plasma and ventral prostate of UChB rats submitted or not to testosterone therapy by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. Additionally, inflammatory foci and mast cells were identified in the ventral prostate slides stained by hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue, respectively. Inflammatory foci were found in the ethanol-treated animals and absent after testosterone therapy. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were not changed while TNF�� and TFG-��1 were increased in the animals submitted testosterone therapy. Regarding to ventral prostate, IL-6 did not alter, while IL-10, TNF��, and TFG-��1 were increased after testosterone therapy. Ethanol increases NFR2 in addition to high number of intact and degranulated mast cell which were reduced after testosterone therapy. So, ethanol and testosterone differentially modulates the cytokines in the plasma and prostate.