Stakeholder involvement in the public planning process : the case of the proposed 12 apostles visitor centre

A range of stakeholders should inform planning processes if these processes are to be consistent with best practice principles. This paper examines the case of the 12 Apostles Visitor Centre, a tourism development which was proposed to be located in a National Park in Victoria, Australia. Limited opportunities were provided for meaningful stakeholder input during the planning phase. Despite the prevailing view amongst all major parties that some development of facilities would be appropriate, an absence of genuine consultation was experienced prompting a substantial redesign of the development concept as originally conceived (in 1996) and to project delays which postponed the commencement of the development into 2000 by which time a new State Government was in place.

The drowned apostles: the longevity of sea stacks over eustatic cycles

Cliffed rocky coasts are erosional environments, the remnants of which can be preserved as sea stacks as the shoreline retreats. These sea stacks form spectacular landscapes, such as the iconic Twelve Apostles in Victoria, Australia. However, they are ephemeral features formed on a centennial scale, continually eroding and collapsing, meaning that coasts characterised by sea stacks often have fewer features than when first described. The question arises then as to the longevity of such features and whether they can be preserved over eustatic cycles. The modern Twelve Apostles, of which 8 are still standing, are comprised of the Miocene Port Campbell Limestone and reach 45 m above sea level. Recent multibeam sonar data show five features around 6 km offshore, in 40-50 m water depth that appear to be relict sea stacks. Based on the morphology and geology of both the modern and drowned Apostles, it is inferred that the drowned and modern stacks evolved in a similar manner. While the modern sea stacks have an average height of 45 m, the drowned stacks have an average height of 4 m, suggesting a much greater age and also the possibility of multiple exposures to subaerial processes. The drowned stacks lay 655 m seaward of a drowned cliff averaging 14 m high which likely represents a former interstadial shoreline. This is much greater than the 91 m average distance between stack and cliff for the Modern Apostles, which may imply a more prolonged period of erosion along the drowned coastline.

The four Gospels and the Acts of the apostles in Persian.

Edited by C.B. Lewis. cf. Brit. mus. Cat.

The Basilewsky Situla, top row, Christ washing the Disciples' Feet, and The Betrayal of Christ; bottom row, Christ appearing to the Women and Christ appearing to the Apostles

4 17/32 in.x 1 ft. 3 55/64 in.x 6 19/64 in.; carved ivory

The Basilewsky Situla, top row, Crucifixion, and Judas the money to the High Priest. bottom row, Christ appearing to the Apostles, and the Incredulity of St Thomas

4 17/32 in.x 1 ft. 3 55/64 in.x 6 19/64 in.; carved ivory

The Gospel of St. Luke, and the Acts of the apostles/

Mode of access: Internet.

The life of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ; together with the lives of his Holy Apostles and Evangelists. To which is added, evidences of the truth of Christianity; by Beilby Porteous. The Golden Grove; a choice manual of what is to be believed, practised, and desired or prayed for; by Jeremy Taylor. Meditations upon the Lord's Prayer; by Sir Matthew Hale, and a Sermon of the Death of Christ; by Hugh Blair.

Mode of access: Internet.

A dictionary of Christian antiquities, comprising the history, institutions and antiquities of the Christian church, from the time of the apostles to the age of Charlemagne,

Mode of access: Internet.

The Acts of the Apostles

Mode of access: Internet.

Andreas and The fates of the apostles; two Anglo-Saxon narrative poems;

The "andreas" is often ascribed to Cynewulf, and the "Fata apostolorum" is considered his undoubted work. For full discussion of authorship, cf. Introd. (p. xxxiii-li)

The Acts of the Apostles: according to the text of Augustus Hahn; with notes and a lexicon: for the use of schools, colleges, and theological seminaries.

Mode of access: Internet.

Moses and the prophets ; Christ and the apostles ; fathers & martyrs ... embracing a period of more than 2000 years /

Illustrated with steel engravings.

The sacred writings of the apostles and evangelists of Jesus Christ : commonly styled the New Testament /

Mode of access: Internet.