Ocorrência de Aphelenchoides sp. em plantas de soja com sintomas de Soja Louca II.

2015

Nemátodos fitoparásitos en palma africana Elaeis guineensis (Jacq) y cocotero Cocos nucifera L. en el Atlántico Sur, Nicaragua

Este estudio se llevó a cabo en plantaciones de Palma africana y cocotero de las regiones de Río San Juan y en la Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur (R.A.A.S), con el objetivo de identificar nematodos asociados en ambos cultivos, contribuir a la actualización del listado nacional de nemátodos y determinar las infestación de Rhadinaphelencus cocophilus Cobb. en picudos (Rhynchophorus palmarum L.) de la palma y el cocotero Este trabajo se realizó en dos etapas; la primera consistió de dos muestreos (uno por región) y la última etapa fue de procesamiento y análisis de muestras. El primer muestreo se realizó en los lotes de las cooperativas Luisa A. Espinoza, El Borbollón y Teodoro Martinez en Kukra Hill para la palma africana y en coco se muestreo un lote del INTA, posteriormente se muestrearon las fincas; San Nicolás y San Mariano, luego se realizó un segundo muestreo en palma africana en el lote de la cooperativa Luisa A. Espinoza en Boca de Sábalos, Rio San Juan. La segunda etapa consistió en el análisis de las muestras; el cual se realizó inmediatamente después del muestreo. Se identificaron los géneros; Rotylenchulus, Trichodorus, Psilenchus, Aphe/enchoides, Paratylenchus, He/icotylenchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema y Meloidogyne en el cultivo de palma africana y en cocotero se lograron identificar los siguientes géneros; Psílenchus, Aphelenchoides, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Helicoty/enchus, Ty/enchus, Xiphinema y Rhadinaphelenchus. Para el cultivo de la palma africana, los géneros; Roty/enchus, Gracilacus, Psilenchus, Aphelenchoides, Paratylenchus y Meloidogyne fueron reportados por primera vez por lo que deberán ser agregados al listado nacional de plagas del MAG­FOR de la misma manera para el cultivo de coco, con los géneros; Aphelenchoides, Paratylenchus y Psilenchus. En los muestreos realizados en palma africana y coco en las localidades de Boca de Sábalos y en Kukra Hill se encontró la presencia de Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus. En las fincas "San Nicolás" y "San Mariano", mas del 50 por ciento de los insectos (Rhynchophorus pa/marum Linnaeus) se encontraron infestados con el género Rhadinaphelenchus.

Análisis de riesgo de plagas de importancia fitosanitaria para Nicaragua en la importación de semilla de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) procecedente de Canadá

El presente Análisis de riesgo de Plagas (ARP) se realizó en el Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico Fitosanitario (CNDF) y Cuarentena del MAG-FOR en Managua, Nicaragua, e1 cual tuvo por objetivo evaluar el riesgo de introducción, establecimiento y dispersión de plagas de importancia fitosanitaria para Nicaragua en semilla de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) importada de Canadá, así como determinar las medidas adecuadas de protección fitosanitarias para evitar la introducción de las mismas a Nicaragua. De un listado inicial de 18 plagas, sólo 6 plagas son sujetas a evaluación y manejo del riesgo después de pasar por las tres etapas de evaluación de un ARP según la Norma Centroamericana del OIRSA, por considerarse que estas presentan capacidad biológica y de comportamiento, así como rangos óptimos de temperaturas que se asemejan a las condiciones de clima de las zonas productoras de Allium cepa L. del país. (Anexo1). El cuadro 1 contiene la lista de las plagas no sujetas a Evaluación del Riesgo Puccinia allii ( DC) Rudolphi y Urocistis Cepulae. Frost que causan la Roya y el carbón de la cebolla respectivamente son consideradas plagas específicas de los cultivos del género Allium P. allí es considerada plaga de bajo riesgo de introducción al país siendo la limitante para su establecimiento que su óptimo de temperatura ( 1 O" a 15" C), no se asemeja a las condiciones de temperatura de las zonas productoras del país( Anexo l ), mientras que U. cepulae es considerado como un hongo muy peligroso capaz de provocar pérdidas en la producción de hasta 80 por ciento tiene alta probabilidad de establecimiento v diseminación en las zonas productoras del país va que las condiciones de edafoclímaticas (16-22" C y pH 5-8) le favorecen( Anexo 1) Botryotinia squamosa. Viennot-Bourgín es un hongo que causa la pudrición blanda de la cebolla, se considera una plaga especifica de cultivos del género Allium con probabilidad alta de establecimiento v disemmac1ón en las zonas productoras de cebolla del país ya que el rango superior óptimo de temperatura (23" C) se asemeja a las condiciones de temperatura de las mismas (Anexo 11. Sclerotium cepivorum. Berkeley (1841 ). Es un hongo que causa la pudrición blanca de la cebolla y es considerado una plaga general de corto rango de hospedero quien además de atacar a cultivos del género Allium ataca también a lycopersicum esculentum (tomate) puede causar pérdidas en la producción de hasta un 70 por ciento (promedio) Y, con riesgo Alto de establecimiento en el país ya que temperaturas de 1 0"-20" C y baja humedad 40%. (pariona et. al) inclusive 30"- 5"C cuando hay humedad (Agrios 1985) y pH desde 1.4 a 8.8 le favorecen y las condiciones edafoclimáticas de las zonas productoras de cebolla del país se asemejan (Anexo ll). El nemátodo Ditylenchus dipsaci es un endoparásito destructor, y es considerado plaga general de cultivos del género Allium que ataca otros cultivos como cucurbitáceas. Zea mays (Maíz), Solanum tuberosum (Papa) y Nicotiana Tabacum (Tabaco). Es capaz de reducir la producción hasta un 75 por ciento (promedio) y la probabilidad de ingreso al país es media, a pesar de que su óptimo de temperatura (15º C) no se asemejan a la temperatura de las zonas productoras de cebolla del país. se considera de gran importancia sus características como: gran capacidad reproductiva es endoparásito y podemos encontrarlo dentro de cualquier parte de la planta inclusive dentro de la semilla. Aphelenchoides fragariae es un nematodo que tiene por hospedero secundario a Allium cepa. L puede ser capaz de ocasionar pérdidas en la producción de hasta 66.5% (promedio), es considerado plaga general de cultivos del género Allium con baja probabilidad de ingreso al país, va que su hospedero primario es la fresa y no se reportan daños en cebolla (no preferencia por Allium cepa L que es hospedero secundario) Todas estas plagas son consideradas de categoría A 1 1 para Nicaragua (no presentes en el país), lo que justifica plenamente la realización de este ARP a fin de tomar las medidas pertinentes que acompañen la importación de semilla y así evitar la introducción de nuevas plagas de difícil control.

Determinación de la presencia y distribución de nematodos fitoparásitos en las plantaciones de arroz de Nicaragua

Para determinar la presencia y distribucion de nematodos fitoparasitos en las plantaciones de arroz de Nicaragua, se realizo un muestreo durante los meses de Junio, Julio y Agosto de 1975 en las zonas donde se cultiva arroz en Nicaragua, colectandose un total de 295 muestras de suelo y raices procedentes de 35 fincas, en 15 de las cuales aplican cartofuran para disminuir la poblacion del picudo del agua (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus). La extraccion de nematodos fue realizada por el metodo del embudo de Baerman modificado y los datos obtenidos en la identificacion de generos de nematodos fitoparasiticos presentes en cada muestra fueron analizados de acuerdo a un modelo completamente al azar haciendo pruebas de F para determinar: significancia en la distribucion de nematodos futiparasiticos en el area cubierta por el muestreo, a los resultados obtenidos por zona, así como una comparación establecida entre los resultados obtenidos de las muestras procedentes de lotes donde se habia aplicado carbofuran con los obtenidos de lotes en donde se había aplicado. En 33.22 por ciento de las muestras de suelo se logró recuperar nemátodos fitoparásitos, siendo ellos: Aphelenchoides, Aphelenchus, Ditylenchus, hirschmanniella, Meloidogyne, Faratrophurus, Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus y Tylenchus. El recuperado más frecuentemente fue Aphelenchoides, seguido por Tylenchus, en el 14.92 y 11.19 por ciento del total de muestras respectivamente, sin embargo, Tylenchus fue el de mayor incidencia ya que representa el 32.35 por ciento del total de nematodos recuperados, seguido por Aphelenchoides con 31.76 por ciento. Eh la zona occidental se logró recuperar nematodos en el 46.57 por ciento del total de muestras de suelo en la central, oriental y norte se logró recuperar nematodos en el 35.56, 29.41 y 29.67 por ciento de las muestras respectivamente. De las 295 muestras de raíces se recuperaron cuatro géneros de nematodos fitoparásitos, siendo Aphelenchoídes el único que estaba presente en más del uno por ciento del total de muestras procesadas, los otros géneros recuperados son: Hirschmanniella, Nothotylenchus y Pratylenchus. Las pruebas de F de los análisis de varíenme realizados no mostraron realizados en ninguno de los casos. Los géneros de nematodos fitoparásitos reportados en este estudio han sido ampliamente reportados asociados al cultivo del arroz, con excepción de Paratmphurus y Nothotylenchus, el hecho de que no haya diferencia estadística en los géneros de nematodos encontrados en las nuestras analizadas, podría estar relacionado con la poca diferencia existente en el tipo de suelo de cada zona, así mismo, la falta de diferencia estadística entre las muestras procedentes de fincas donde aplican y no aplican carbofuran podría ser efecto de una dósis muy baja del producto para que logre mostrar características nematicidas. Es recomendable iniciar estudios sobre la fluctuación de la población de nematodos fitoperasíticos asociados al cultivo del arroz en Nicaragua, para así conocer algunos de los factores que determinan la curva epideniol6gina, a la par hay que realizar pruebas para conocer bajo condiciones determinadas los niveles poblacionales mínimo que ameritan control.

长白山春季不同植被类型中土壤线虫的群落结构

2001年和2002年春季,对长白山白北坡不同海拔的阔叶红松林、红松云冷杉混交林、暗针叶林、岳桦林和高山苔原中土壤线虫进行了研究。结果表明,5个样地中共鉴定到线虫7684条,分别隶属于2纲8目27科60属。其中绕线属Plectus,滑刃属Aphelenchoides,垫刃属Tylenchus,小杆属Rhabditis,盘旋属Rotylenchus和鹿角唇属Cervidellus为优势属,优势属线虫主要分布在枯枝落叶层中。土壤线虫数量与土壤含水量显著相关(r=0.357;P<0.01)。在不同深度和植被群落中丰富度最大的是食细菌类群线虫。土壤线虫总数和营养类群在不同土壤深度中差异显著(P<0.05);食真菌类群数量与食细菌类群数量之和与植食类群数量之比(WI)和线虫成熟指数(MI)在不同深度也存在明显差异(P<0.01)。

长白山次生林演替过程中土壤线虫群落结构特点

对长白山白河局不同演替阶段次生林土壤线虫的组成进行了比较.结果表明:捕获的9 885头线虫分别隶属于线虫动物门2纲8目30科68属,各演替阶段次生林土壤线虫属数及Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)由多到少依次为220年林龄(Ⅴ)>130年林龄(Ⅳ)>85年林龄(Ⅲ)>12年林龄(Ⅰ)>25年林龄(Ⅱ).其中绕线属Plectus、小杆属Rhabditis、似绕线属Anaplectus、滑刃属Aphelenchoides和伪垫刃属Nothotylenchus为优势属,优势属线虫主要分布在枯枝落叶层.土壤线虫总数和营养类群在不同土壤深度中差异显著(P<0.01):枯枝落叶层>0~5 cm土层>5~10 cm土层>10~20 cm土层;食真菌类群数量与食细菌类群数量之和与植物寄生类群数量之比(Iw)以及线虫成熟指数(Im)在不同土壤深度也存在明显差异(P<0.01).在不同土壤深度和不同植被群落中,丰富度最大的是食细菌类群线虫.

Nematodes asociados con ornamentales en Buenos Aires y sus alrededores

p.145-150

Computerized key of the genus genus Laimaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937

The Order Aphelenchida contains several genera of economic importance, namely Aphelenchoides and Bursaphelenchus. Nematode species belonging to these 2 genera frequently co-habit with other genera such as Laimaphelenchus. It is therefore important to clearly distinguish them, as well as understand the group´s biodiversity. A computerized, or e-key, for the genus Laimaphelenchus Fuchs has been developed in the BiKey Identification system (Dianov & Lobanov, 1996-2004). The e-key includes 14 species and 34 characters (from 2 to 6 character states each). It also includes the built-in algorithm ranging characters according their diagnostic values to minimize the number of the diagnosis steps (average number of steps is 2.7; values are re-calculated at each step). The most important characters (as calculated by BiKey) are: length of posterior branch of the female genital system; excretory pore position; vulval anterior flap shape; number pairs of mail tale papillae; male bursa shape (ventral view); number of tail tip setae in female; female tail tip stub shape; presence of mucro on tail tip in male. Key is pictorial (image-operating), multientry, as other BiKey products.

Base de dados e chaves electrónicas (ekeys): ferramentas úteis no diagnóstico e identificação de nemátodes fitoparasitas

Com o desenvolvimento das tecnologias de computação, o acesso à informação digital nos diversos domínios científicos tem revolucionado e facilitado a obtenção e utilização rápida de dados biológicos. Nos últimos anos, várias bases de dados (catálogos electrónicos) têm sido desenvolvidas, servindo de portal à biodiversidade existente em diversas áreas do globo (ex. Fauna Europaea, Tree of Life). Este tipo de informação permite a manutenção e a catalogação da biodiversidade existente a nível global; particularmente a biodiversidade de florestas, áreas cultivadas, ecossistemas aquáticos, bem como de espécies exóticas/invasivas encontradas nos diversos ecossistemas. Em 1999, foi detectada pela primeira vez, em Portugal e na Europa, o nemátode da madeira do pinheiro (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, espécie de quarentena e classificada como A1 pela EPPO), associado ao pinheiro bravo (Pinus pinaster). Na sequência deste trabalho foram desenvolvidas diversas bases de dados, nomeadamente para as espécies do género Bursaphelenchus e outros géneros com espécies de elevado interesse económico (Aphelenchoides, Dolichodorus); bem como para outros grupos de espécies com especial interesse biológico (Laimaphelenchus, Parasitaphelenchus). A reunião deste tipo de informação possibilita a construção de matrizes, e a determinação dos caracteres diagnósticos mais importantes para a identificação das espécies, posteriormente utilizados na elaboração de chaves electrónicas politómicas (com base no sistema PICKEY, Dianov & Lobanov). A utilização e versatilidade deste sistema, nomeadamente para o diagnóstico e a identificação de nemátodes fitoparasitas de elevado interesse económico, é demonstrada como exemplo

The Pine Wood Nematode: a personal view

The first report of the disease (“pine wilt disease”) associated with the pinewood nematode, goes back to 1905, when Yano reported an unusual decline of pines from Nagasaki. For a long time thereafter, the cause of he disease was sought, but without success. Because of the large number of insect species that were usually seen around and on infected trees, it had always been assumed that the causal agent would prove to be one of these. However, in 1971, Kiyohara and Tokushike found a nematode of the genus Bursaphelenchus in infected trees. The nematode found was multiplied on fungal culture, inoculated into healthy trees and then re-isolated from the resulting wilted trees. The subsequent published reports were impressive: this Bursaphelenchus species could kill fully-grown trees within a few months in the warmer areas of Japan, and could destroy complete forests of susceptible pine species within a few years. Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii und P. luchuensis were particularly affected. In 1972, Mamiya and Kiyohara described the new species of nematode extracted from the wood of diseased pines; it was a named Bursaphelenchus lignicolus. Since 1975, the species has spread to the north of Japan, with the exception of the most northerly prefectures. In 1977, the loss of wood in the west of the country reached 80%. Probably as a result of unusually high summer temperatures and reduced rainfall in the years 1978 and 1979, the losses were more than 2 million m3 per year. From the beginning, B. lignicolus was always considered by Japanese scientists to be an exotic pest. But where did it come from? That this nematode could also cause damage in the USA became clear in 1979 when B. lignicolus was isolated in great numbers from wood of a 39 year-old pine tree (Pinus nigra) in Missouri which had suddenly died after the colour of its needles changed to a reddish-brown colour (Dropkin und Foudin, 2 1979). In 1981, B. lignicolus was synonymised by Nickle et al. with B. xylophilus which had been found for the first time in the USA as far back as 1929, and reported by Steiner and Buhrer in 1934. It had originally been named Aphelenchoides xylophilus, the wood-inhabiting Aphelenchoides but was recognised by Nickle, in 1970,to belong in the genus Bursaphelenchus. Its common name in the USA was the "pine wood nematode" (PWN. After its detection in Missouri, it became known that B. xylophilus was widespread throughout the USA and Canada. It occurred there on native species of conifers where, as a rule, it did not show the symptoms of pine wilt disease unless susceptible species were stressed eg., by high temperature. This fact was an illuminating piece of evidence that North America could be the homeland of PWN. Dwinell (1993) later reported the presence of B. xylophilus in Mexico. The main vector of the PWN in Japan was shown to be the long-horned beetle Monochamus alternatus, belonging to the family Cerambycidae. This beetle lays its eggs in dead or dying trees where the developing larvae then feed in the cambium layer. It was already known in Japan in the 19th century but in the 1930s, it was said to be present in most areas of Japan, but was generally uncommon. However, with the spread of the pine wilt disease, and the resulting increase of weakened trees that could act as breeding sites for beetles, the populations of Monochamus spp. increased significantly In North America, other Monochamus species transmit PWN, and the main vector is M. carolinensis. In Japan, there are also other, less efficient vectors in the genus Monochamus. Possibly, all Monochamus species that breed in conifers can transmit the PWN. The occasional transmission by less efficient species of Monochamus or by some of the many other beetle genera in the bark or wood is of little significance. In Europe, M. galloprovincialis and M. sutor transmits the closely related species B. mucronatus. Some speculate that these two insect species are “standing by” and waiting for the arrival of B. xylophilus. In 1982, the nematode was detected and China. It was first found in dead pines near the Zhongshan Monument of Nanjing (CHENG et. al. 1983); 265 trees were then killed by pine wilt disease. Despite great efforts at eradication in China, the nematode spread further and pine wilt disease has been 3 reported from parts of the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang and Hubei (YANG, 2003). In 1986, the spread of the PWN to Taiwan was discovered and in 1989, the nematode was reported to be present in the Republic of Korea where it had first been detected in Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora. It was though to have been introduced with packing material from Japan. PWN was advancing. In 1984, B. xylophilus was found in wood chips imported into Finland from the USA and Canada, and this was the impetus to establish phytosanitary measures to prevent any possible spread into Europe. Finland prohibited the import of coniferous wood chips from these sources, and the other Nordic countries soon followed suit. EPPO (the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) made a recommendation to its member countries in 1986 to refuse wood imports from infested countries. With its Directive of 1989 (77/93 EEC), the European Community (later called the European Union or EU) recognised the potential danger of B. xylophilus for European forests and imposed restrictions on imports into the Europe. PWN was placed on the quarantine list of the EU and also of other European countries. Later, in 1991, a dispensation was allowed by the Commission of the EU(92/13 EEC) for coniferous wood from North America provided that certain specified requirements were fulfilled that would prevent introduction.

Long-term response of the nematode community to elevated atmospheric CO2 in a temperate dry grassland soil

Long-term effects of the elevated atmospheric CO2 on biosphere have been in focus of research since the last few decades. In this experiment undisturbed soil monoliths of loess grassland were exposed to an elevated CO2 environment (two-times the ambient CO2 level) for a period of six years with the aid of the open top chamber method. Control without a chamber and CO2 elevation was applied as well. Elevated CO2 level had very little impact oil soil food web. It did not influence either root and microbial biomass or microbial and nematode community structure. The only significant response was that density of the bacterial feeder genus Heterocephalobus increased in the chamber with elevated CO2 concentration. Application of the open top chambers initiated more changes on nematodes than the elevated CO2 level. Open top chamber (OTC) method decreased nematode density (total and plant feeder as well) to less than half of the original level. Negative effect was found on the genus level in the case of fungal feeder Aphelenchoides, plant feeder Helicotylenchus and Paratylenchus. It is very likely that the significantly lower belowground root biomass and partly its decreased quality reflected by the increased C/N ratio are the main responsible factors for the lower density of the plant feeder nematodes in the plots of chambers. According to diversity profiles, MI and MI(2-15) parameters, nematode communities in the open top chambers (both on ambient and elevated CO2 level) seem to be more structured than those under normal circumstances six years after start of the experiment.

Estudo fitossanitário, multiplicação e taxonomia de nematoides encontrados em sementes de gramíneas forrageiras no Brasil

Pathogens in seeds imply quarantine constraints for exportation. This research aimed to quantify nematodes and fungus populations in seed samples of forage grasses from the main Brazilian producing states, and to multiply the nematodes in vitro, as well to study the taxonomy of the nematodes detected. Seed samples of 237 lots of different forage grasses from São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Bahia, and Goias States were collected and shipped for analyses in the Nematology and Plant Pathology Laboratories at FCAV[long dash]UNESP [long dash] Jaboticabal( SP) by Comercio e Industria Matsuda Imp., Exp. Ltd. Nematodes were extracted from 10 g of seeds. To detect the fungus, the Blotter-test was applied. The identifications were done by using a photonic microscope and a stereomicroscope. For the study of in vitro multiplication of the nematodes, the following parthenogenetic species were selected: Aphelenchoides sexlineatus, Aphelenchus sp. and Ditylenchus montanus. Cultures of the fungi Fusarium sp. and Didymella brioniae were used as substrate to multiply the nematodes in Petri dishes. Each plate was inoculated with 10 mature females, then incubated in B.O.D. at 25 [plus or minus]1 [degree]C, in the dark. Thirty days after inoculation, the nematodes were extracted. The populations obtained in the suspensions were estimated in the microscope using Peters counting chamber, and the reproduction factor estimated. For the taxonomic study of the nematodes, morphological characters of specimens were recorded under the light and scanning electron microscopes. The results indicated a large distribution of nematodes and fungus in seeds of forage grasses in Brazil. The nematodes identified in the present study were: Aphelenchoides besseyi, A. bicaudatus, A. fragariae, A. sexlineatus, Ditylenchus myceliophagus, D. dipsaci, D. montanus, and Aphelenchus sp. In addition, species of the fungi Fusarium, Helminthosporium and Phoma were recovered.

Nematofauna fitopatogênica de sementes comerciais de forrageiras tropicais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes in ornamental and flowering plants at UNESP/FCAV, campus of jaboticabal, são paulo state, brazil

The plant-parasitic nematodes are responsible for serious injuries in roots and shoots of ornamental plants, reducing its beauty and consequently its economic value. This study aimed to ascertain the occurrence and distribution of plantparasitic nematodes through the analysis of the roots of ornamental and flowering plants at UNESP FCAV's landscape. The roots were collected from fifteen different species as follows: Anthurium andreannum, Rhododendron simsii, Impatiens walleriana, Calathea stromata, Cordyline terminalis, Dieffenbachia picta, Dracaena marginata, Ficus benjamina, Spathiphyllum ortgiesii 'Sensation', Spathiphyllum wallisi 'American Beauty' and 'Mini', Odontonema strictum, Portulaca grandiflora, Strelitzia reginae, Tradescantia zebrina and Tradescantia pallida. Samples of roots were processed. The plant-parasitic nematodes identified in the samples were: Meloidogyne sp. (Anthurium andreannum, Calathea stromata, Dieffenbachia picta, Ficus benjamina, Impatiens walleriana, Odontonema strictum, Portulaca grandiflora, Spathiphyllum ortgiesii 'Sensation'), Helicotylenchus dihystera (Calathea stromata, Dracaena marginata, Portulaca grandiflora, Spathiphyllum ortgiessi 'Sensation', Tradescantia pallida, Tradescantia zebrina), Tylenchus sp. (Anthurium andreannum, Calathea stromata, Cordyline terminalis, Dieffenbachia picta, Ficus benjamina, Rhododendron simsii), Aphelenchoides sp. (Dieffenbachia picta, Spathiphyllum ortgiesii 'Sensation', S. wallisi 'American Beauty'), Rotylenchulus reniformis (Cordyline terminalis, Dracaena marginata, Odontonema strictum), Pratylenchus sp. (Spathiphyllum ortgiesii 'Sensation', Spathiphyllum wallisi 'Mini'), Ditylenchus sp. (Spathiphyllum wallisi 'Mini'), Pratylenchus brachyurus (Tradescantia zebrina). The plant-parasitic nematodes weren't found in the roots of Strelitzia reginae.

Levantamento de nematoides fitoparasitas em áreas de produção de plantas ornamentais e reação de crisântemos aos nematoides das galhas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)