The Family Novel in the Emerging Nation-State: A Comparative Study of Ba Jin’s Jia and Lev Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina

The theme of family in literature and in popular discourse occurs at times when the family as an institution is under attack. Attacks against the family coupled with defence of the family are viewed as the barometer of people’s satisfaction with the society in which they live. This outpouring of emotion, whether it is in defence of or attacking the family, is the result of the family’s position on the bridge between nature and society – a fortunate (or a detrimental) link between an individual and the units that make up a society. Across the United States and much of the western world, the battle for gay marriage and inclusive civil unions has revealed the fissures in our collective moral view of the family. The conservative concern about the absence of ‘family values’ is magnified by our situation in a world of flux. Inflation, war, terrorist threats, and the depletion of natural resources are but a few examples. When so much is unknown, how do we position ourselves? What anchors us to the past, gives us comfort in the present, and supports us in the future if not the family? Alternatively, what coddles us more in the past, shackles us more to the present, and lulls us more into a fixed conception of the future than the family? My research is not a sociological survey into the family nor does it stake any claims to understanding the present state of the family in society. The study seeks, however, to shed light on the rhetorical uses of the family by analysing two novels that are inextricably concerned with the theory of the family in times of heightened social change. In particular, my research focuses upon the social role and political meaning of the family in Anna Karenina and Jia.

L'adulterio come strumento sociale: confronto tra Anna Karenina e Lady Chatterley

Lo scopo di questo lavoro è confrontare due opere, Anna Karenina di Lev Tolstoj e L’amante di Lady Chatterley di David Herbert Lawrence e dimostrare che essi non hanno in comune solo il tema dell’adulterio, ma anche e soprattutto l’averlo inteso come strumento di ribellione sociale. In Tolstoj troviamo l’adulterio censurato nel corso della narrazione, poiché esso viene condannato sia dalla società che dall’autore stesso, che aveva come intento dare una lezione morale. Lawrence invece esalta e descrive l’adulterio, poiché nel suo caso diventa lo strumento di scoperta dell’amore vero e di ritorno al primitivismo a dispetto della civiltà industrializzata. Quindi, pur appartenendo a due epoche diverse e a due società con differenti visioni circa matrimonio e famiglia, le due eroine sono similari per il coraggio che dimostrano nell’andare contro le rispettive società.

Anna Karenina,

Translated by Rochelle S. Townsend.

Anna Karenina : Roman v vos mi c asta h /

Mode of access: Internet.

Anna Karenina oltre le pagine di Tolstoj. La trasposizione cinematografica di Joe Wright

Lo scopo di questo lavoro è confrontare il famoso romanzo Anna Karenina di Lev Tolstoj con la sua ultima versione cinematografica diretta dal regista britannico Joe Wright. Suddiviso in tre capitoli, l’elaborato dimostra come una storia possa acquisire una nuova e particolare chiave di lettura quando viene adattata per il grande schermo. In particolare, il confronto tra i due mezzi espressivi verte su due sfere tematiche: la società e il rapporto fra uomo e donna.

Persistent activation of Akt or ERK prevents the toxicity induced by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in RINm5F beta-cells

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the toxicity of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on RINm5F cells is related to the phosphorylation state of Akt, ERK and PKC delta. The regulation of these kinases was compared in three experimental designs: (a) 4 h-exposure, (b) 4 h-exposure and a subsequent withdrawn of the FA for a 20 h period and (c) 24 h-exposure. Saturated and PUFA were toxic to RINm5F cells even at low concentrations. Also, evidence is provided for a late (i.e. the effect only appeared hours after the treatment) and a persistent regulation (i.e. maintenance of the effect for several hours) of Akt, ERK and PKC delta phosphorylation by the FA. Late activation of PKC delta seems important for palmitate cytotoxicity. Persistent activation of the survival proteins Akt and ERK by stearate, oleate and arachidonate might play an important role to prevent the toxic effect of posterior PKC delta activation. The results shown may explain why a short-period exposure to FA is not enough to induce cytotoxicity in pancreatic beta-cells, since survival pathways are activated. Besides, when this activation is persistent, it may overcome a posterior induction of death pathways. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

La sublimació i el procés d'individualització de la dona a la novel·la europea del segle XIX

El primer objectiu d'aquest treball és analitzar els motius pels quals les heroïnes malcasades d'Anna Karènina, Madame Bovary i La Regenta, acaben sent adúlteres, i el segon objectiu és intentar reflectir la personalitat de cadascuna de les protagonistes d'aquestes tres novel·les a través dels ulls d'altres personatges o dels seus propis ulls, influïts tots per una societat on predomina la hipocresia i l'autoritat de l'home.

Mapeamento de stakeholders nas áreas conexas de turismo e meio ambiente: um estudo em João Pessoa/PB

The present study aims to understand the perception in a manager perspective of the relationship between the stakeholders of tourism and environmental management in João Pessoa (PB). It is a qualitative, transversal, descriptive and exploratory research, held with keys stakeholders of tourism and environment in the capital of Paraíba. The data were collected through structured interviews and the analysis of the minutes of the municipal council of tourism, called COMTUR/ JP. The data research allowed us to affirm that the environmental stakeholders have a higher academic background than those of tourism, on the other hand the tourism stakeholders‟ have longer experience time than the environmental stakeholders‟. In general, the use of environmental resources for tourism is noticed as positively by the tourism stakeholders‟ and as intermediate for the environmental stakeholders‟, the tourism development is consider to be a non predatory active in João Pessoa, but it is very concentrate in the coastal area, the remnants of Atlantic Forest or protected areas are not used for tourism. The main environmental impacts cause by tourism according to the stakeholders interviewed (tourism and environment) were the environmental degradation of reef, beach pollution and the construction of tourism facilities in areas that should be protected, however, there was a stakeholder who believes that the tourism development in Paraíba is so nascent that it is unable to impact the environment. The performance of SETDE, PBTUR and SUDEMA was consider inconsistent by some of the interviewed stakeholders‟. The NGO representatives believe that the most important thing is a paradigm shift from the entrepreneurs and the local population. Despite the apparently close relationship between tourism and environment management in João Pessoa (PB), some actions of tourism agencies and the state government has left some unhappy important environmental stakeholders indicating that the relationship between tourism and environment in the city is becoming tenser each year

Sochinenīi͡a.

Vols. 5-8, 14 have imprint: Moskva, T-vo tip. A. I. Mamontova.

The complete works of Lyof N. Tolstoĭ /

War and peace, vols. III-IV. -- War and peace, vols. V-VI. -- Anna Karenina, vols. I-II. -- Anna Karenina, vol. III. ; Childhood, boyhood, youth -- A Russian proprietor ; The Death of Ivan Ilyitch and other stories -- The long exile, and other stories ; Master and man ; The Kreutzer sonata ; Dramas -- What is to be done? ; Life -- The Kingdom of God is within you ; What is art? ; What is religion? -- Resurrection, vols. I-II.

Sochinenīi͡a.

Romanized record.

The novels and other works of Lyof N. Tolstoï.

Editor's preface signed: Nathan Haskell Dole.

ANNA: A new prediction method for bioassessment programs

1. Cluster analysis of reference sites with similar biota is the initial step in creating River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS) and similar river bioassessment models such as Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS). This paper describes and tests an alternative prediction method, Assessment by Nearest Neighbour Analysis (ANNA), based on the same philosophy as RIVPACS and AUSRIVAS but without the grouping step that some people view as artificial. 2. The steps in creating ANNA models are: (i) weighting the predictor variables using a multivariate approach analogous to principal axis correlations, (ii) calculating the weighted Euclidian distance from a test site to the reference sites based on the environmental predictors, (iii) predicting the faunal composition based on the nearest reference sites and (iv) calculating an observed/expected (O/E) analogous to RIVPACS/AUSRIVAS. 3. The paper compares AUSRIVAS and ANNA models on 17 datasets representing a variety of habitats and seasons. First, it examines each model's regressions for Observed versus Expected number of taxa, including the r(2), intercept and slope. Second, the two models' assessments of 79 test sites in New Zealand are compared. Third, the models are compared on test and presumed reference sites along a known trace metal gradient. Fourth, ANNA models are evaluated for western Australia, a geographically distinct region of Australia. The comparisons demonstrate that ANNA and AUSRIVAS are generally equivalent in performance, although ANNA turns out to be potentially more robust for the O versus E regressions and is potentially more accurate on the trace metal gradient sites. 4. The ANNA method is recommended for use in bioassessment of rivers, at least for corroborating the results of the well established AUSRIVAS- and RIVPACS-type models, if not to replace them.