Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson y James Stirling : revisión de la modernidad en la arquitectura británica = Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson and James Stirling : review of modernity in British architecture

La búsqueda de nuevas formas de modernidad se convirtió en la cuestión principal de la obras desarrolladas por Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson y James Stirling entre los años 1955 y 1970. Enmarcadas dentro de la sensibilidad surgida en la posguerra británica, su profundo sentido crítico supone una renovada interpretación de alguno fundamentos del Movimiento Moderno así como la reflexión sobre la modificación y el uso de formas que tienen sus raíces en la tradición cultural. Esta investigación se estructura en cuatro temas ampliamente debatidos y que han articulado parte de la revisión moderna a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX: » la abstracción y el realismo » la revisión de la idea funcionalista » la reconsideración de los arquetipos formales » la relación entre forma y contexto urbano se muestran como base crítica para las obras seleccionadas. La tendencia hacia el realismo surgió como respuesta a la voluntad de universalidad (y objetividad) que representó el lenguaje abstracto, del mismo modo que la revisión de la idea funcionalista pretendió superar la consideración de la obra arquitectónica como producto racional de su función y tecnología. La reconsideración de los arquetipos de la tradición, a su vez, muestra una preocupación por el significado de las formas culturales del pasado, una cuestión igualmente decisiva en la renovada atención a la estructura de la ciudad histórica. Estos temas evidencian un interés por ampliar la arquitectura moderna sin que el reconocimiento de las formas del pasado suponga un distanciamiento respecto al futuro. La idea de revisión, asimismo, se convierte en estrategia a la hora de encontrar nuevas respuestas. Si algunos de los principios del Movimiento Moderno surgen como reacción al clasicismo Beaux Arts que le precedió, las propuestas analizadas muestran la validez operativa de este enfoque para crear obras de una intensa modernidad. Su interés, por lo tanto, no solo radica en su consideración como objetos de estudio que amplían nuestro conocimiento de un período determinado, sino como tradición reciente que sirve de base crítica para la práctica actual. ABSTRACT The search of new forms of modernity became the main theme of the works developed by Leslie Martin, Colin St. John Wilson and James Stirling between 1955 and 1970. Belonging to the sensitivity emerged in postwar Britain, their deep critical sense encourages a renewed interpretation of some principles of Modern Movement and a reflection about the modification or the use of forms that are rooted in cultural tradition. This research is divided into four themes widely discussed and which has articulated part of modern review along the second half of the twentieth century: » Abstraction and realism » Review of Functionalism » The reconsideration of the formal archetypes » The relationship between form and urban context are shown as critical base for the selected works. The trend toward realism arose in response to the will of universality (and objectivity) that represented the abstract language, just as the review of Functionalism aimed to overcome the consideration of architecture's work as rational product of its function and technology. The reconsideration of traditional archetypes, in turn, shows a concern for the meaning of the cultural forms, a matter equally decisive in the renewed attention to the structure of the historical city. These themes evidence an interest to extend modern architecture, without thereby the recognition of the past forms imply a distancing regarding the future. The idea of review also becomes strategy in finding new answers. If some principles of the Modern Movement arose in reaction to Beaux-Arts classicism which preceded it, the analyzed proposals show the operational validity of this approach to create works of a strong modernity. Their interest, therefore, lies not only in its consideration as study cases that broaden our knowledge of a certain period, but as a recent tradition which serves as a critic basis for the current practice.

The Apocalypse of St. John : or Prophecy of the rise, progress, and fall of the Church of Rome; the inquisition; the revolution of France; the universal war; and the final triumph of Christianity. Being a new interpretation /

Shoemaker 28622.

Methadone maintenance treatment and St. John's Wort - a case report.

St. John's wort, a popular over-the-counter drug for treatment of depression, might reduce concentrations of drugs such as cyclosporin and indinavir and lead to drug resistance and treatment failure. No studies as yet have examined its influence on methadone plasma levels. The trough methadone plasma levels were measured in four patients (2 males, median age: 31 years; range 19 - 40 years) in methadone maintenance treatment just before the introduction of St. John's wort (900 mg/d) and after a median period of 31-day treatment (range 14 - 47). The study was proposed to addict patients about to start an antidepressant therapy. Introduction of St. John's wort resulted in a strong reduction of (R,S)-methadone concentration-to-dose ratios in the four median patients included, with a median decrease to 47 % of the original concentration (range: 19 % - 60 % of the original concentration). Two patients reported symptoms that suggested a withdrawal syndrome. Thus, prescription of St. John's wort might decrease methadone blood levels and induce withdrawal symptoms which, if not correctly identified and handled (by changing the antidepressant or by increasing the methadone dose), might cause unnecessary discomfort to the patient, lead to resumption of illicit drug uses, or be a risk factor for discontinuation of the methadone or antidepressant treatment.

Millepertuis, corticoïdes, cocaïne, alcool ... et un premier épisode maniaque. Femme, 36 ans, artiste [St. John's Wort, corticosteroids, cocaine, alcohol ... and a first manic episode].

We describe an alcohol and cocaine abusing female patient who developed a first manic episode in the context of a corticosteroid prescription. The differential diagnoses are discussed on the basis of the available literature on secondary manias.

Pen and sunlight sketches of scenery reached by the Grand Trunk Railway system and connections with summer routes and fares to principal points : including Niagara Falls, Thousand Islands, Rapids of the St. Lawrence, Montreal, Quebec, Parry Sound, Georgian Bay, Muskoka Lakes, Adirondacks, Lake St. John, Mackinac Island, Midland District Lakes, the White Mountains, the Suquenay River, Rangeley Lakes and the sea-shore.--

At head of title: "Great tourist route of America".

The constitution of the United States, a critical discussion of it'sgenesis, development, and interpretation

UANL

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.