Bajo los adoquines está la Pachamama : Territorialidad andina en el Gran La Plata [2008-2011]

Desde hace aproximadamente 20 años, se está viviendo un resurgimiento del movimiento indígena a nivel mundial y continental. El territorio juega un papel esencial para las numerosas organizaciones y comunidades que lo componen, en tanto articula el accionar de estos sujetos al espacio en un sentido procesual y relacional, a través de una concepción en la que la tríada territorio-territorialidad-territorialización, niega la dualidad cartesiana entre materia y espíritu y afirma que toda apropiación material es a la vez simbólica. Según la Encuesta Complementaria de Pueblos Indígenas 2004-2005, complementaria del Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2001 del INdEC, el 54 de las 600.329 personas que se autoreconocen como parte de alguno de los más de treinta pueblos aborígenes que habitan en Argentina, se encuentra en áreas urbanas. El interés de este trabajo es el entender cuáles son las modalidades de apropiación material y simbólica del espacio que llevan adelante la Organización Quechua-Aymara Hijos del Cóndor [Kunthurpa Churinkuna] en conjunto con la Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua de Cusco-Filial Regional Internacional "Berisso" [Qheswasimi Jamutána Kuraq Suntur Qosqo-Perusuyu], y la Comunidad Qolla Gran La Plata, todas pertenecientes al universo cultural andino, y activas en el ámbito de la capital bonaerense. Es decir, qué territorialidad específica construyen en el espacio urbano, en función de la recreación de su cultura ancestral [analizada a través del enfoque del control cultural], y atendiendo a su relación con sus estrategias políticas y sus condiciones socioeconómicas, que se ponen en juego en la configuración de determinados espacios de socialización. Se trata de una investigación que emplea el método etnográfico, con técnicas tales como la observación participante y la entrevista en profundidad

Bajo los adoquines está la Pachamama : Territorialidad andina en el Gran La Plata [2008-2011]

Desde hace aproximadamente 20 años, se está viviendo un resurgimiento del movimiento indígena a nivel mundial y continental. El territorio juega un papel esencial para las numerosas organizaciones y comunidades que lo componen, en tanto articula el accionar de estos sujetos al espacio en un sentido procesual y relacional, a través de una concepción en la que la tríada territorio-territorialidad-territorialización, niega la dualidad cartesiana entre materia y espíritu y afirma que toda apropiación material es a la vez simbólica. Según la Encuesta Complementaria de Pueblos Indígenas 2004-2005, complementaria del Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2001 del INdEC, el 54 de las 600.329 personas que se autoreconocen como parte de alguno de los más de treinta pueblos aborígenes que habitan en Argentina, se encuentra en áreas urbanas. El interés de este trabajo es el entender cuáles son las modalidades de apropiación material y simbólica del espacio que llevan adelante la Organización Quechua-Aymara Hijos del Cóndor [Kunthurpa Churinkuna] en conjunto con la Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua de Cusco-Filial Regional Internacional "Berisso" [Qheswasimi Jamutána Kuraq Suntur Qosqo-Perusuyu], y la Comunidad Qolla Gran La Plata, todas pertenecientes al universo cultural andino, y activas en el ámbito de la capital bonaerense. Es decir, qué territorialidad específica construyen en el espacio urbano, en función de la recreación de su cultura ancestral [analizada a través del enfoque del control cultural], y atendiendo a su relación con sus estrategias políticas y sus condiciones socioeconómicas, que se ponen en juego en la configuración de determinados espacios de socialización. Se trata de una investigación que emplea el método etnográfico, con técnicas tales como la observación participante y la entrevista en profundidad

Bajo los adoquines está la Pachamama : Territorialidad andina en el Gran La Plata [2008-2011]

Desde hace aproximadamente 20 años, se está viviendo un resurgimiento del movimiento indígena a nivel mundial y continental. El territorio juega un papel esencial para las numerosas organizaciones y comunidades que lo componen, en tanto articula el accionar de estos sujetos al espacio en un sentido procesual y relacional, a través de una concepción en la que la tríada territorio-territorialidad-territorialización, niega la dualidad cartesiana entre materia y espíritu y afirma que toda apropiación material es a la vez simbólica. Según la Encuesta Complementaria de Pueblos Indígenas 2004-2005, complementaria del Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2001 del INdEC, el 54 de las 600.329 personas que se autoreconocen como parte de alguno de los más de treinta pueblos aborígenes que habitan en Argentina, se encuentra en áreas urbanas. El interés de este trabajo es el entender cuáles son las modalidades de apropiación material y simbólica del espacio que llevan adelante la Organización Quechua-Aymara Hijos del Cóndor [Kunthurpa Churinkuna] en conjunto con la Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua de Cusco-Filial Regional Internacional "Berisso" [Qheswasimi Jamutána Kuraq Suntur Qosqo-Perusuyu], y la Comunidad Qolla Gran La Plata, todas pertenecientes al universo cultural andino, y activas en el ámbito de la capital bonaerense. Es decir, qué territorialidad específica construyen en el espacio urbano, en función de la recreación de su cultura ancestral [analizada a través del enfoque del control cultural], y atendiendo a su relación con sus estrategias políticas y sus condiciones socioeconómicas, que se ponen en juego en la configuración de determinados espacios de socialización. Se trata de una investigación que emplea el método etnográfico, con técnicas tales como la observación participante y la entrevista en profundidad

Rapayan : une culture tardive du Haut Marañón dans les Andes centrales du Pérou

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Rapayan : une culture tardive du Haut Marañón dans les Andes centrales du Pérou

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Cryptococcus gattii meningoencephalitis in an HIV-negative patient from the Peruvian Andes

We report a case of an immunocompetent Peruvian patient from the Andes with a one-month history of meningoencephalitis. Cryptococcus gattii was identified from a cerebrospinal fluid culture through assimilation of D-proline and D-tryptophan as the single nitrogen source. Initially, the patient received intravenous antifungal therapy with amphotericin B. The patient was discharged 29 days after hospitalization and continued with oral fluconazole treatment for ten weeks. During this period, the patient showed clinical improvement with slight right-side residual weakness. Through this case report, we confirm the existence of this microorganism as an infectious agent in Peru.

The Assault on Human Rigths and the Resilience of the Andean Dream: Health Inequities in Ecuador. IV Annual Distinguished Lecture sponsored by the Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health; School of Public Health; University of Michigan

The point of departure for these reflections is life, since its protection is the central purpose encouraging the defense of human rights and of public health. Life in the Andes has an exceptional diversity. Particularly in Ecuador, my country, this diversity constitutes a characteristic sign that is expressed in two main forms: natural megadiversity and multiculturalism. Indeed, Ecuador’s small territory synthesizes practically all types of lifezones that exist on Earth, having received the gift of high average rates of solar energy and abundant nutritional sources, which have facilitated the natural reproduction of countless species that show their beautiful vitality in the variety of ecosystems that compose the Andean mountain range, the tropical plains, the Amazon humid forests, and the Galapagos Islands. But besides being a highly biodiverse country, it is also a plurinational and multi-cultural society, in which the activity of human beings, organized into social conglomerates of different historical and cultural backgrounds, have formed more than a dozen nations and peoples. Regrettably this natural and human wealth has not been able to bear its best fruits due to the violent operation of a deep social inequity – unfortunately also one of the highest in the Americas—which conspires against life and is reproduced in national and international inequitable relations. This structural inequity has changed its form throughout the centuries and currently has reached its highest and most perverse level of development.

Mid-Holocene Climate and Culture Change in the South Central Ande

This chapter reviews the history of study and the current status of Mid-Holocene climatic and cultural change in the South Central Andes, which host a wide range of different habitats from Pacific coastal areas up to extremely harsh cold and dry environments of the high mountain plateau, the altiplano or the puna. Paleoenvironmental information reveals high amplitude and rapid changes in effective moisture during the Holocene period and, consequently, dramatically changing environmental conditions. Therefore, this area is suitable to study the response of hunting and gathering societies to environmental changes, because the smallest variations in the climatic conditions have large impacts on resources and the living space of humans. This chapter analyzes environmental and paleoclimatic information from lake sediments, ice cores, pollen profiles, and geomorphic processes and relates these with the cultural and geographic settlement patterns of human occupation in the different habitats in the area of southern Peru, southwest Bolivia, northwest Argentina, and north Chile and puts in perspective of the early and late Holocene to present a representative range of environmental and cultural changes. It has been found that the largest changes took place around 9000 cal yr BP when the humid early Holocene conditions were replaced by extremely arid but highly variable climatic conditions. These resulted in a marked decrease of human occupation, “ecological refuges,” increased mobility, and an orientation toward habitats with relatively stable resources (such as the coast, the puna seca, and “ecological refuges”).

Dynamics of Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Local Use and Conservation of Native Trees and Shrubs in the Bolivian Andes

Native trees and shrubs are essential components of rural landscapes in the semi-arid inner-Andean valleys of Bolivia. They can be found as hedges and bushes in various agroecosystems such as terrace walls, slopes, field boundaries and fallow land. Their distribution and floristic composition are the result of dynamic spatial and temporal interactions between local farmers and the environment. Local uses of natural resources and biodiversity reflect the constantly evolving Andean culture, which can be generally characterised as an intertwining of the human, natural, and spiritual worlds. The aim of the present ethnobotanical study was to analyse the dynamics of traditional ecological knowledge, to ascertain local farmers’ perceptions and uses of native woody species in Andean communities and to associate the results with local conservation activities for the trees and shrubs concerned. Our case study was carried out within two communities of the Tunari National Park (Dept. Cochabamba) in Bolivia. For data collection, research methods from social science (semi-structured interviews, participative observation, participatory mapping) as well as vegetation surveys were combined. Local actors included women and men of all ages as well as families from different social categories and altitudinal levels of permanent residence. Our study indicates that, due to a multitude of socio-economic pressures (e.g. migration of young people) as well as changes in use of biodiversity (e.g. replacement of native by exotic introduced species), the traditional ecological knowledge base of native trees and shrubs and their respective uses has become diminished over time. In many cases it has led to a decline in people’s awareness of native species and as a consequence their practical, emotional and spiritual relationships with them have been lost. However, results also show that applied traditional ecological knowledge has led to local conservation strategies, which have succeeded in protecting those tree and shrub species which are most widely regarded for their multifunctional, constant and exclusive uses (e.g. Schinus molle, Prosopis laevigata, Baccharis dracunculifolia). The presentation will discuss the question if and how applied traditional ecological knowledge positively contributes to local initiatives of sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity in rural areas.

Up-regulation Of Dnam-1 And Nkp30, Associated With Improvement Of Nk Cells Activation After Long-term Culture Of Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Ovarian Neoplasia.

This study aimed at evaluating the functional activation and activating receptors expression on resting, short- and long-term NK and NK-like T cells from blood of ovarian neoplasia patients. Blood from patients with adnexal benign alterations (n = 10) and ovarian cancer (grade I-IV n = 14) were collected after signed consent. Effector cells activation was evaluated by the expression of the CD107a molecule. Short-term culture was conducted overnight with IL-2 and long-term culture for 21 days, by a method designed to expand CD56(+) lymphocytes. Short-term culture significantly increased NK cells activation compared to resting NK cells (p<0.05), however, the long-term procedure supported an even higher increase (p<0.001). Resting NK-like T cells showed poor activation, which was not altered by the culture procedures. The long-term culture effectively increased the expression of the activating receptors on NK and NK-like T cells, either by increasing the number of cells expressing a given receptor and/or by up-regulating their expression intensity. As a conclusion, the long-term culture system employed, resulted in a high number of functional NK cells. The culture system was particularly efficient on the up-regulation of NKp30 and DNAM-1 receptors on NK cells.

Tissue culture of Cecropia glaziovii Sneth (urticaceae): vegetative micropropagation and plant regeneration from callus

Cecropia glaziovii is a tree with used in Brazilian popular medicine. Methods allowing the clonal propagation of this species are of great interest for superior genotype multiplication and perpetuation. For this reason, we examined the effect of different culture media and different types of explants on adventitious shoot regeneration from callus and buds of C. glaziovii. Leaves, petioles and stipules obtained from aseptically grown seedlings or from pre-sterilized plants were used to initiate cultures. Adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved when apical and axillary buds were inoculated on gelled Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine alone (BAP) (1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg L-1) or combined with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1), after 40 days of culture. Best callus production was obtained after 30 days of petioles' culture on gelled MS medium with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg L-1) combined with BAP (1.0 mg L-1). Successful shoot regeneration from callus was achieved when MS medium supplemented with zeatin (ZEA) (0.1 mg L-1) alone or combined with 2,4-D (1.0 or 5.0 mg L-1) was inoculated with friable callus obtained from petioles. All shoots were rooted by inoculation on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.0 mg L-1). Rooted plants transferred to potting soil were successfully established. All in vitro regenerated plantlets showed to be normal, without morphological variations, being also identical to the source plant. Our study has shown that C. glaziovii can be propagated by tissue culture methods, allowing large scale multiplication of superior plants for pharmacological purposes.

Comparison of radial growth rate of the mutualistic fungus of Atta sexdens rubropilosa forel in two culture media

In vitro culture of the mutualistic fungus of leaf-cutting ants is troublesome due to its low growth rate, which leads to storage problems and contaminants accumulation. This paper aims at comparing the radial growth rate of the mutualistic fungus of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel in two different culture media (Pagnocca B and MEA LP). Although total MEA LP radial growth was greater all along the bioassay, no significant difference was detected between growth efficiencies of the two media. Previous evidences of low growth rate for this fungus were confirmed. Since these data cannot point greater efficiency of one culture medium over the other, MEA LP medium is indicated for in vitro studies with this mutualistic fungus due its simpler composition and translucent color, making the analysis easier.

Correlation of meta 1 expression with culture stage, cell morphology and infectivity in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes

The parasitic protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis alternates between mammalian and insect hosts. In the insect host, the parasites proliferate as procyclic promastigotes andthen differentiate into metacyclic infective forms. The meta 1 gene is preferentially expressed during metacyclogenesis. Meta 1 expression profile determination along parasite growth curves revealed that the meta 1 mRNA level peaked at the early stationary phase then decreased to an intermediate level. No correlation was observed between meta 1 expression and infectivity. Conversely, infectivity correlated with the increase of apoptotic cells in the late stationary phase.

Effect of culture medium on biocalcification by Pseudomonas Putida, Lysinibacillus Sphaericus and Bacillus Subtilis

The objective of this study is to investigate the efficiency of calcium carbonate bioprecipitation by Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, obtained from the Coleção de Culturas do Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), as a first step in determining their potential to protect building materials against water uptake. Two culture media were studied: modified B4 containing calcium acetate and 295 with calcium chloride. Calcium consumption in the two media after incubation with and without the bacterial inoculum was determined by atomic absorption analysis. Modified B4 gave the best results and in this medium Pseudomonas putida INQCS 113 produced the highest calcium carbonate precipitation, followed by Lysinibacillus sphaericus INQCS 414; the lowest precipitation was produced by Bacillus subtilis INQCS 328. In this culture medium XRD analysis showed that Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis precipitated calcite and vaterite polymorphs while Lysinibacillus sphaericus produced only vaterite. The shape and size of the crystals were affected by culture medium, bacterial strain and culture conditions, static or shaken. In conclusion, of the three strains Pseudomonas putida INQCS 113 in modified B4 medium gave the best results precipitating 96% of the calcium, this strain thus has good potential for use on building materials.

Production of DNA microarray and expression analysis of genes from Xylella fastidiosa in different culture media

DNA Microarray was developed to monitor the expression of many genes from Xylella fastidiosa, allowing the side by-side comparison of two situations in a single experiment. The experiments were performed using X. fastidiosa cells grown in two culture media: BCYE and XDM2. The primers were synthesized, spotted onto glass slides and the array was hybridized against fluorescently labeled cDNAs. The emitted signals were quantified, normalized and the data were statistically analyzed to verify the differentially expressed genes. According to the data, 104 genes were differentially expressed in XDM2 and 30 genes in BCYE media. The present study showed that DNA microarray technique efficiently differentiate the expressed genes under different conditions.