Kriegsverbrechen – Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit – Völkermord? Zeitgenössische Völkerrechtler und die Deportation der christlichen Minderheiten in Anatolien während des Ersten Weltkrieges

This presentation concentrates on the role that the deportation of Christian minorities in Anatolia during the First World War played in the context of the history of law. Terminologies and the use of legal notions by contemporaries will be a special focus, because this is still helpful in the context of present-day discussions. Therefore a contextualisation as precise as possible is important, when the topic of deportation and genocide is addressed. At the same time it is important not to confuse historical and legal appraisals. In this presentation the general discussion as to the prospects and potential of a judicial punishment of violations of international legal norms before as well as during the First World War will therefore be included as much as the attitude of jurists in regard to the position of the Ottoman Empire within the international community of law abiding states. Finally this presentation will also focus on discussions at the end of the war around the trials in Istanbul and the purpose of the Paris Peace Conference. In this context and following ideas of Mahmood Mamdani the discourse on law can be shown to have served not only as a way of giving victims a voice, but also as a language of power already at the beginning of the 20th century.

Jüdische Ackerbaukolonien in Anatolien

Otto Warburg

Die Türkei : Reisenhandbuch für Rumelien, die untere Donau, Anatolien, Syrien, Ralästina, Rhodus und Cypern /

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Paleoglaciations in Anatolia: A Schematic Review and First Results

Anatolia is situated in the Eastern Mediterranean region between 36 – 42N and 26 – 45E. The geological records of paleoglaciations in the high terrains of Anatolia are key archives to quantify paleoclimate change in the Eastern Mediterranean area. The climate of the Eastern Mediterranean region is influenced by three main atmospheric systems: the main middle to high latitude westerlies, the mid-latitude subtropical high-pressure systems, and the monsoon climate. Glacial geological studies in Turkey have started in the late 19th century. Glacial deposits are found mainly in the eastern, northeastern and southern part of the Anatolian Peninsula. Anatolia is the fundamental element to understand the interactions between paleoenvironment, climatic variations, and development of the human societies. As the Taurus and Black Sea Mountains are sensitively situated for the paleoclimatic reconstructions, a chronostratigraphic framework on the paleoglaciation should be elaborated. The timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Anatolia is still unknown. Our first results from Kavron Valley (Kaçkar Mountains, NE Turkey) are encouraging for the reconstruction of paleoglaciations in Turkey and related paleoclimatological interpretations although it is presently difficult to pinpoint the classical Last Glacial Maximum – Younger Dryas – Little Ice Age moraine sequences in the field.

Hyaenidenfunde aus dem Villafranchium der Türkei

Jaw remains with teeth from Plio-Pleistocene sediments of the Anatolian upland (Turkey) are the first records of Hyaena perrieri and Euryboas lunensis outside Europe. Both species are members of a fauna of the lowermost Villafranchian. The stratigraphic and geographic range of Hyaena perrieri and H. brevirostris as well as the origin of the genus Euryboas are discussed.